Nei mota ichimira isina basa - zvikonzero zvikuru uye kusashanda zvakanaka
Kana iyo motokari inomira pamhepo yakaderera, zvakakosha zvikuru kukurumidza kuona chikonzero chemuitiro uyu uye kuita kugadzirisa kwakakodzera. Kuregeredzwa kwedambudziko iri kazhinji kunotungamira kune emergency.
Kana mota ikamira isina basa, asi kana iwe ukadzvanya gasi pedal, injini inomhanya zvakajairika, saka mutyairi anofanira kukurumidza kutsvaga uye kubvisa chikonzero chemaitiro aya emotokari. Zvikasadaro, mota inogona kumira munzvimbo isingaite, semuenzaniso, isati yaonekwa yegirinhi traffic traffic, iyo dzimwe nguva inotungamira kune emergency.
Chii chisina basa
Iyo yekumhanyisa huwandu hweinjini yemotokari avhareji 800-7000 zviuru paminiti peturu uye 500-5000 yedhiziri vhezheni. Muganho wepazasi weiyi renji ndeye idling (XX), ndiko kuti, iwo machinjiro anogadzirwa nemagetsi unit munzvimbo inodziya pasina mutyairi anodzvanya gasi pedal.
Saka, majenareta e dizeli uye peturu injini dzinosiyana kubva kune mumwe, nokuti kunyange muXX mode vanofanira:
- kuchaja bhatiri (bhatiri);
- chengetedza kushanda kwepombi yemafuta;
- chengetedza kushanda kweiyo ignition system.
Inoratidzika sejenareta remotokari
Ndiko kuti, mune isina basa mode, injini inoshandisa hushoma hwemafuta, uye jenareta inopa magetsi kune avo vatengi vanovimbisa kushanda kweinjini. Inoita denderedzwa rakashata, asi pasina iyo hazvibviri kumhanyisa zvakanyanya, kana kusimudza kukurumidza, kana kutanga zvishoma nezvishoma.
Injini inoshanda sei
Kuti unzwisise kuti XX inosiyana sei nekushanda kweinjini iri pasi pemutoro, zvakakosha kuongorora zvakadzama kushanda kwechikwata chemagetsi. Injini yemotokari inonzi ina-stroke nekuti kutenderera kumwe kunosanganisira mana
- lets in;
- kudzvinyirira;
- kushanda sitiroko;
- kusunungura.
Aya matenderedzwa akafanana pamhando dzese dzeinjini dzemotokari, kunze kwemayuniti emagetsi maviri-stroke.
Inlet
Munguva yekutora sitiroko, piston inodzika pasi, vharafu yekupinda kana mavharuvhu akavhurika uye vacuum yakagadzirwa nekufamba kwepiston inoyamwa mumhepo. Kana iyo simiti yemagetsi ine carburetor, ipapo mhepo inopfuura inobvisa madonhwe emafuta kubva mujeti uye inosanganiswa navo (Venturi effect), uyezve, kuwanda kwemusanganiswa kunoenderana nekumhanya kwemhepo uye hupamhi hwemhepo. jet.
Zvichienderana nekuverenga uku, ECU inosarudza huwandu hwakakwana hwemafuta uye inotumira chiratidzo kune majekiseni akabatana nenjanji, ayo anogara ari pasi pemafuta. Nekugadzirisa nguva yechiratidzo kune majekiseni, ECU inoshandura huwandu hwemafuta akaiswa mumasilinda.
Mass air flow sensor (DMRV)
Diesel injini dzinoshanda zvakasiyana, mavari iyo yepamusoro-pressure mafuta pombi (TNVD) inopa mafuta edhiziri muzvikamu zvidiki, uyezve, mumhando dzekutanga dzechizvarwa, saizi yechikamu yaienderana nechinzvimbo chegasi pedal, uye mune mamwe mazuva ano ECUs, zvinotora. funga ma parameter akawanda. Zvisinei, mutsauko mukuru ndewekuti mafuta anojowa kwete panguva yekurohwa, asi pakupera kwekumanikidzwa kwekurohwa, kuitira kuti mhepo inopisa kubva kune yakakwirira pakarepo inopisa mafuta edhiziri.
Kudzvinyirira
Munguva yekumanikidza sitiroko, piston inokwira kumusoro uye tembiricha yemhepo yakamanikidzwa inokwira. Havasi vese vatyairi vanoziva kuti iyo yakakwira injini yekumhanyisa, iyo yakanyanya kudzvanywa pakupera kwekumanikidza sitiroko, kunyangwe piston sitiroko inogara yakafanana. Pakupera kwekumanikidza sitiroko muinjini dzepeturu, kudzima kunoitika nekuda kwespark inogadzirwa ne spark plug (inodzorwa neiyo ignition system), uye mumainjini edhiziri, yakapfapfaidza mafuta edhiziri anopisa. Izvi zvinoitika nguva pfupi isati yasvika panzvimbo yepamusoro yakafa (TDC) yepiston, uye nguva yekupindura inotarirwa nekona yekutenderera kwe crankshaft inonzi ignition timing (IDO). Iri izwi rinotoshandiswa kune injini dzedhiziri.
Kushanda sitiroko uye kusunungurwa
Mushure mekupisa kwemafuta, kurova kwekurohwa kwekushanda kunotanga, apo, pasi pechiito chemusanganiswa wemagasi anoburitswa panguva yekupisa, kudzvanywa mukamuri yekupisa kunowedzera uye piston inosundira yakananga ku crankshaft. Kana injini iri mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka uye hurongwa hwehuni hunogadziriswa zvakanaka, ipapo kupisa kwemoto kunopera kusati kwatanga kuputika kwemhepo kana kuti pakarepo mushure mekuvhurwa kwemavharuvhu ekupedza.
Magasi anopisa anobuda muhumburumbira, nekuti anotamiswa kwete chete nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvinopisa, asiwo nepiston inoenda kuTDC.
Kubatanidza tsvimbo, crankshaft uye pistons
Chimwe chezvakashata zvikuru zveinjini yechina-stroke chiito chiduku chinobatsira, nokuti piston inosundira crankshaft kuburikidza netambo yekubatanidza chete 25% yenguva, uye imwe yose inofamba ne ballast kana inoshandisa kinetic simba kumanikidzira mweya. Naizvozvo, akawanda-silinda injini, umo mapistoni anosundira crankshaft zvakare, anozivikanwa zvikuru. Nekuda kweiyo dhizaini, iyo inobatsira inowanzoitika kazhinji, uye nekupihwa kuti crankshaft nematanda ekubatanidza anogadzirwa nesimbi alloys, kusanganisira simbi yakakandwa, iyo yese system ine inertia.
Mapistoni ane zvindori uye matanda ekubatanidza
Shanda muXX mode
Kuti ushande zvakanaka muXX mode, zvinodikanwa kugadzira mafuta-air musanganiswa nezvimwe zviyero, izvo, kana zvapiswa, zvinosunungura simba rakakwana kuitira kuti jenereta ipe simba kune vatengi vakuru. Kana mumashandisirwo ekushanda kukurumidza kwekutenderera kwejini shaft kunogadziriswa nekugadzirisa gasi pedal, ipapo muXX hapana zvigadziriso zvakadaro. Mune carburetor injini, zviyero zvemafuta muXX mode hazvina kuchinjwa, nokuti zvinoenderana nemadhayamita ejets. Muinjini dzejekiseni, kururamisa kudiki kunogoneka, kunoitwa neECU uchishandisa idle speed controller (IAC).
Idle yekumhanyisa regulator
Muinjini dzedhiziri dzemhando dzekare dzakashongedzerwa nepombi yejekiseni yemuchina, XX inodzorwa uchishandisa kona yekutenderera kwechikamu icho tambo yegesi yakabatana, ndiko kuti, ivo vanongoisa iyo shoma kumhanya iyo injini inomhanya yakadzikama. Mumainjini edhiziri emazuva ano, XX inodzora iyo ECU, ichitarisa pakuverenga sensor.
Muparadzi uye vacuum corrector yekupisa inosarudza UOZ yeinjini ye carburetor.
Imwe yematanho akakosha ekushanda kwakagadzikana kwesimba remagetsi mune isina basa mode ndeye UOP, iyo inofanirwa kuenderana nehumwe kukosha. Kana iwe ukaita kuti ive diki, simba rinodonha, uye nekupihwa hushoma mafuta ekupa, kushanda kwakagadzikana kwesimba remagetsi kuchakanganiswa uye kunotanga kuzununguka, nekuwedzera, kunyangwe kudzvanywa kwegasi kunogona kutungamira kudzima injini. , kunyanya ne carburetor.
Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti mhepo inotanga kuwedzera, ndiko kuti, musanganiswa unova wakaonda uye chete ipapo mamwe mafuta anopinda.
Sei ichimira isina basa
Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda nei mota ichimira isina basa kana injini inoyangarara isina basa, asi zvese zvine chekuita nekushanda kwemasisitimu uye masisitimu anotsanangurwa pamusoro, nekuti mutyairi haagone kupesvedzera iyi parameter chero nzira kubva kucab, anogona chete. dzvanya gasi pedal, kushandura injini kune imwe nzira yekushanda. Takatotaura pamusoro pekusashanda kwakasiyana kwesimba remagetsi uye masisitimu ayo mune izvi zvinyorwa:
- Vaz 2108-2115 motokari haisi kuwedzera.
- Sei mota ichimira pakufamba, yobva yatanga nekuenderera mberi.
- Motokari inotanga kupisa uye zvitoro - zvikonzero nemishonga.
- Motokari inotanga uye pakarepo inomira painotonhora - chii chingava zvikonzero.
- Nei mota ichitenderera, troit uye zvitoro - izvo zvinowanzoitika zvikonzero.
- Sei mota ine carburetor inomira kana iwe uchidzvanya gas pedal.
- Paunodzvanya gasi pedal, mota ine injector matanda - chii chinokonzera dambudziko.
Naizvozvo, isu ticharamba tichitaura nezve zvikonzero nei mota ichimira isina basa.
Mhepo inodonha
Kusashanda uku kunenge kusingaonekwi mune mamwe maitiro ekushanda kweiyo magetsi unit, nekuti yakawanda mafuta anowanikwa ipapo, uye kuderera kudiki kwekumhanya pasi pemutoro hakuwanzo kuoneka. Painjini dzejekiseni, kubuda kwemhepo kunoratidzwa ne "lean musanganiswa" kana "detonation" kukanganisa. Mamwe mazita anobvira, asi musimboti wakafanana.
Mukuwedzera, nekusashanda uku, injini inowanzofamba-famba uye inowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye inoshandisawo mafuta akawanda. Nguva zhinji kuratidzwa kwedambudziko kuridza muridzo kusinganzwike kana kunzwika, uko kunowedzera nekukurumidza.
Kusasimba kusimba kwezvisungo kana kukuvadzwa kwemahosi emhepo kunotungamirira kune kubuda kwemhepo
Idzi ndidzo nzvimbo huru uko kuburitswa kwemhepo kunoitika, nekuda kwekuti mota inomira isina basa:
- vacuum brake booster (VUT), pamwe nehosi dzayo uye adapters (ese mota);
- kutora manifold gasket (chero injini);
- gasket pasi pe carburetor (carburetor chete);
- vacuum ignition corrector uye hose yayo (carburetor chete);
- spark plugs uye nozzles.
Heino algorithm yezviito iyo ichakubatsira iwe kuona dambudziko pane injini yechero mhando:
- Nyatsoongorora mahosi ese uye maadapta awo ane chekuita nekuwanda kwekutora. Neinjini ichimhanya uye ichidziya, zunza hose yega yega uye adapta uye teerera, kana muridzo ukaonekwa kana kushanda kwemota kuchinje, saka wawana kuvuza.
- Mushure mekuita shuwa kuti ese mavacuum hose nemaadapta avo ari muchimiro chakanaka, teerera kuti uone kana magetsi emagetsi ari kufamba, wobva wadzvanya zvinyoro nyoro pedhi yegesi kana iyo carburetor / throttle / jekiseni pombi chikamu. Kana iyo unit yemagetsi yakawana yakagadzikana zvakanyanya, kazhinji dambudziko riri mune manifold gasket.
- Mushure mekuita chokwadi chekuti manifold manifold gasket yakamira, edza kudzoreredza kushanda kwakagadzikana nemhando uye uwandu screws, kana zvikasavandudza maitiro eiyo magetsi unit, ipapo gasket riri pasi pecarburetor rinokuvadzwa, iro rega rakakotama, kana kugadzirisa nzungu dzakasununguka.
- Mushure mekuita chokwadi chekuti zvese zvakarongeka ne carburetor, bvisa hose kubva mairi inoenda kune vacuum ignition corrector, kushatisa kwakanyanya mukushanda kwesimba remagetsi kunoratidza kuti chikamu ichi zvakare chakarongeka.
- Kana macheki ese asina kubatsira kuwana nzvimbo yekudonha kwemhepo, nekuda kwekuti kumhanya kusingaite kunodonha uye zvitoro zvemotokari, wobva wachenesa matsime emakenduru nemanozzles, wozoadira nemvura ine sipo uye wodzvanya gasi zvine simba. asi muchidimbu. Mafuro akawanda anenge aoneka anoratidza kuti mweya uri kubuda nepakati pezvikamu izvi uye zvisimbiso zvawo zvinoda kutsiviwa.
Iyo vacuum brake booster uye mahosi ayo anogona zvakare kuyamwa mumhepo.
Kana mugumisiro wecheki dzose usina kunaka, saka chikonzero chekusagadzikana XX chimwe chinhu. Asi zvichiri nani kuti utange kuongorora neiyi cheki kuitira kuti ubvise nekukurumidza izvo zvinonyanya zvikonzero. Rangarira, kunyangwe mota ikanyanya kana kushomeka pakusaita basa, asi zvitoro kana iwe uchidzvanya gasi, saka kazhinji chikonzero chiri mukudonha kwemhepo, saka kuongororwa kunofanirwa kutangwa nekutsvaga nzvimbo yekudonha.
Ignition system malfunctions
Matambudziko neino system anosanganisira:
- weak spark;
- hapana spark mune imwe kana kupfuura silinda.
Kutarisa simba re spark pane carburetor injini
Kuyera voltage pabhatiri, kana iri pasi pe12 volts, bvisa injini uye bvisa materminals kubva mubhatiri, wozoyera voltage zvakare. Kana iyo tester ichiratidza 13-14,5 volts, ipapo jenereta inoda kuongororwa uye kugadziriswa, nokuti haigadziri huwandu hunodiwa hwesimba, kana zvishoma, shandura bhatiri uye chengetedza kushanda kwejini. Kana iyo yakatanga kushanda yakagadzikana, saka zvichida nekuda kwekushomeka kwemhepo, spark isina simba yakawanikwa, iyo yakadzima zvisingaite musanganiswa wemafuta emhepo.
Spark plugs
Mukuwedzera, tinokurudzira kuti uite cheki yakakwana yejini, nokuti kushanda kusina kunaka kwekupisa pamagetsi pamusoro pe 10 volts kunowanzova kuratidzwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Spark bvunzo mumasilinda ese (zvakare akakodzera injini dzejekiseni)
Chiratidzo chikuru chekushayikwa kwe spark mune imwe kana kupfuura cylinders ndiko kushanda kusina kugadzikana kwesimba remagetsi pakadzika uye pakati nekumhanya, zvisinei, kana iwe ukaiputira kusvika kumusoro, ipapo motokari inomhanya kazhinji pasina mutoro. Mushure mekuita chokwadi chekuti spark simba rakakwana, tanga nekudziya iyo unit yemagetsi, wobva wabvisa waya dzakashongedzwa kubva kune imwe neimwe kenduru uye tarisa maitiro emota. Kana imwe kana mamwe macylinders asiri kushanda, ipapo kubvisa waya kubva kumakenduru avo hakuzochinji injini yekushandisa maitiro. Kana waona masilinda akaremara, dzima injini uye bvisa makenduru kubva kwavari, wozoisa makenduru mumazano anoenderana newaya dzehondo uye woisa tambo painjini.
Tanga injini uye ona kana spark ichioneka pamakenduru, kana zvisiri, isa makenduru matsva, uye kana pasina mhedzisiro, dzima injini zvakare uye woisa waya imwe neimwe yakashongedzwa mugomba rekoiri uye tarisa kuti pane spark. Kana spark ikaonekwa, saka mugoveri ane mhosva, iyo isingagove yakakwira-voltage pulses kumakenduru anoenderana uye saka muchina unomira usingaite. Kugadzirisa dambudziko, chinja:
- marasha nechitubu;
- distributor cover;
- asina mhosva
Kutarisa uye kubvisa spark plug waya
Pamajekiseni mota, chinjanisa waya neaya anoshanda chaizvo. Kana, mushure mekubatanidza tambo yezvombo kune coil, spark haina kuoneka, shandura iyo yese seti yewaya dzakashongedzwa, uye zvakare (zvichida, asi zvisingadiwi) isa makenduru matsva.
Kugadziriswa kwevharuvhu kusina kunaka
Kusashanda uku kunoitika chete pamotokari dzine injini dzisina kugadzirwa nema hydraulic lifters. Pasinei nokuti mavharuvhu akavharidzirwa kana kugogodza, mu XX mode mafuta anopisa zvisina kunaka, saka motokari inomira zvishoma nezvishoma, nokuti simba rekinetic rinobudiswa nechikwata chemagetsi harina kukwana. Kuti uone kuti dambudziko riri mumavharuvhu, enzanisa kushandiswa kwemafuta uye simba risati rava dambudziko nedling uye ikozvino, kana izvi zvipembenene zvakanyanyisa, kubvumirwa kunofanira kuongororwa uye, kana zvichidiwa, kugadziriswa.
Kuti utarise injini inotonhora, bvisa chivharo chevhavha (kana pane zvikamu zvakabatanidzwa pairi, semuenzaniso, tambo ye-throttle, zvino tanga wadzibvisa). Zvadaro, uchitendeuka nemaoko kana nekutanga (mune iyi kesi, bvisa spark plugs kubva kune coil yemoto), isa mavharuvhu ehumburumbira yega yega kune yakavharwa chinzvimbo. Wobva wayera gaka neprobe yakakosha. Enzanisa maitiro akawanikwa neanoratidzwa mumirairo yekushandisa yemotokari yako.
Kugadziridza mavharuvhu
Semuenzaniso, kune injini yeZMZ-402 (yakaiswa paGazelle neVolga), iyo yakakwana yekutora uye kupera kwevhavhavha inokwana 0,4 mm, uye yeK7M injini (yakaiswa paLogan nedzimwe motokari dzeRenault). kupisa kwekushisa kwemavharuvhu ekutora ndeye 0,1- 0,15, uye kupera 0,25-0,30 mm. Rangarira, kana mota ichimira isingaiti, asi yakawedzera kana kudzikama pakumhanya kwakanyanya, saka chimwe chezvingango konzeresa ndeye kutadza kwevharuvhu yekupisa.
Kutadza kushanda kwecarburetor
Iyo carburetor ine XX system, uye mota zhinji dzine economizer iyo inodimbura mafuta ekufambisa paunenge uchityaira mune chero giya ine gasi pedal yakaburitswa zvizere, kusanganisira kana braking injini. Kuti utarise kushanda kwegadziriro iyi uye kusimbisa kana kusabvisa kusashanda kwayo, kuderedza kona yekutenderera kwevhavhavha yemhepo ine gasi pedal yakabudiswa zvakakwana kusvikira yavhara. Kana iyo isina basa system iri kushanda nemazvo, saka hapazove neshanduko kunze kwekuderera kudiki kwekukurumidza. Kana iyo mota ichimira isina basa pakuita manipulations akadaro, saka iyi carburetor system haisi kushanda nemazvo uye inoda kuongororwa.
Carburetor
Muchiitiko ichi, tinokurudzira kuonana nemafuta ane ruzivo kana carburetor, nokuti hazvibviri kugadzira murairo mumwe chete kune marudzi ose e carburetors. Pamusoro pezvo, pamusoro pekusashanda zvakanaka kwecarburetor pachayo, chikonzero chekuti mota inomira isina basa inogona kunge iri yekumanikidza idle economizer valve (EPKhH) kana waya inopa voltage kwairi.
Motokari ndiyo inokonzera kudengenyeka kwakasimba kunobata zvizere carburetor uye EPHX valve, saka zvingangoita kuti magetsi anogona kurasika pakati petambo nevharuvhu.
Kutadza kushanda kwemutongi XX
Kudzora kwemhepo kusina basa kunoshandisa bypass (bypass) nzira iyo mafuta nemhepo zvinopinda mukamuri inopisa kupfuura iyo throttle, saka injini inomhanya kunyange kana throttle yakavharwa zvakakwana. Kana XX isina kugadzikana kana zvitoro zvemotokari zvisina basa, pane zvikonzero zvina chete zvinogoneka:
- mugero wakavharwa nejeti dzawo;
- kukanganisa IAC;
- kusagadzikana kwemagetsi kusangana kwewaya uye IAC terminals;
- ECU kusashanda zvakanaka.
mhedziso
Kana iyo motokari inomira pamhepo yakaderera, zvakakosha zvikuru kukurumidza kuona chikonzero chemuitiro uyu uye kuita kugadzirisa kwakakodzera. Kuregeredza dambudziko iri kunowanzo tungamira kune emergency, semuenzaniso, zvinodikanwa kuti ubve pamharadzano nekukurumidza kuitira kuti uite jerk uye udzivise kudhumhana nemotokari iri kusvika, asi, mushure mekudzvanya kwakasimba pagasi, injini inomira.
