Sei starter ichidzvanya asi isingatendeudzi injini
Zviri mukati
Kazhinji, kutanga motokari kunoperekedzwa nekutaura kusashanda zvakanaka mukushanda kwekiyi yekutanga mudziyo - yekutanga. Kukanganisa kwekushanda kwayo kunogona kuzviratidza muchimiro chekudzvanya kwehunhu panguva iyo dunhu rekutanga rakavharwa nekiyi yekudzima. Dzimwe nguva, mushure mekuedza kwakawanda kunoramba kuripo, injini inogona kumutswa. Zvisinei, mushure mechinguva, panogona kuuya imwe nguva apo motokari haisati yatanga.
Kuti usabvisa mukana uyu uye kudzoreredza kushanda kwechigadzirwa, zvinodikanwa kuita akati wandei maitiro ekuongorora uye kubvisa kuparara. Izvi zvichakurukurwa munyaya inokurukurwa.
Injini inotanga sei ine starter
Iyo yekutanga iDC yemagetsi mota. Kutenda kune giya dhiraivha, iyo inotyaira injini flywheel, inopa crankshaft torque inodiwa kutanga injini.
Iyo inotangira inobatana sei neiyo flywheel, zvichibva zvatanga gwenya remagetsi?
Kuti upindure mubvunzo uyu, kune vanotanga, zvakakosha kuti tizive muhuwandu nemudziyo wejini yekutanga injini pachayo.
Saka, izvo zvakakosha zvekushanda zvekutanga zvinosanganisira:
- DC mota;
- retractor ataure;
- overrunning clutch (bendix).
Iyo DC mota inofambiswa nebhatiri. Voltage inobviswa kubva kune yekutanga windings uchishandisa kabhoni-graphite brashi zvinhu.
Iyo solenoid relay inyanzvi mukati umo mune solenoid ine peya yemhepo. Mumwe wavo ari kubata, wechipiri ari kudzorera. Tsvimbo inogadzikwa pahupamhi hwemagetsi emagetsi, imwe magumo ayo inoshanda pane inodarika clutch. Mabatiro maviri ane simba epasi pemvura akaiswa pane relay kesi.
Iyo overrunning clutch kana bendix iri pane anchor yemagetsi mota. Iri pfundo rine chikwereti chine zita rakadaro kune mumwe muvambi weAmerica. Iyo yemahara wheel mudziyo wakagadzirwa nenzira yekuti panguva iyo injini yatangwa, giya rayo rekutyaira rinobvisa kubva korona yeflywheel, yakasara yakasimba.
Kana iyo giya yakanga isina clutch yakakosha, ingadai yakave isingashandisike mushure mekushanda kwenguva pfupi. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti, pakutanga-kumusoro, iyo inodarika clutch drive giya inotenderedza kutenderera kune injini inobhururuka. Pakangotanga injini, kumhanya kweflywheel kutenderera kwakawedzera zvinooneka, uye giya raizofanira kusangana nemitoro inorema, asi ipapo iyo freewheel inotanga kutamba. Nekubatsira kwayo, iyo bendix gear inotenderera zvakasununguka pasina kusangana chero mutoro.
Chii chinoitika panguva iyo kiyi yekubatidza inotonhora munzvimbo ye "Starter"? Izvi zvinoita kuti ikozvino kubva mubhatiri ishandiswe kune pasi pemvura kusangana kweiyo solenoid relay. Nheyo inofambisa ye solenoid, pasi pesimba remagineti, kukunda kushorwa kwechirimo, inotanga kufamba.
Izvi zvinoita kuti tsvimbo yakasungirirwa pairi isundire clutch inodarika yakananga kune flywheel korona. Panguva imwecheteyo, kubata kwesimba retractor relay yakabatanidzwa kune yakanaka kusangana kwemagetsi emagetsi. Pangosvika vanobatana vachivhara, mota yemagetsi inotanga.
Iyo bendix giya inotamisa kutenderera kune flywheel korona, uye injini inotanga kushanda. Mushure mokunge kiyi yasunungurwa, ikozvino kugovera kune solenoid inomira, musimboti unodzokera kunzvimbo yayo, uchibvisa clutch inoputika kubva mugiya rekutyaira.
Sei mutangi asingatendereri injini, kupi kutarisa
Munguva yekushandiswa kwenguva refu kwekutanga, matambudziko anogona kubuda nekutanga kwayo. Zvinoitika, uye naizvozvo, kuti haaratidzi zviratidzo zvehupenyu zvachose, kana "kutendeuka kusina basa". Muchiitiko ichi, zvakakosha kuita zvakatevedzana zvekuongorora maitiro ane chinangwa chekuziva kusashanda.
Muchiitiko icho iyo armature yemagetsi mota yemudziyo haina kutenderera, iwe unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi kuti:
- kuvesa kukiya;
- Battery;
- mass wire;
- retractor relay.
Zvinokurudzirwa kuti utange diagnostics neiyo yekusangana peya yekudzima switch. Dzimwe nguva firimu reoxide pane vanobatika rinodzivirira mafambiro ezvino kune inotangisa solenoid relay. Kuti ubvise chikonzero ichi, ingotarisa kuverenga kweammeter panguva iyo kiyi yekubatidza inotenderedzwa. Kana museve ukatsauka uchienda kunobuda, saka zvese zvakarongeka nekiyi. Zvikasadaro, pane chikonzero chekuita chokwadi kuti iri kushanda.
Iyo mota yekutanga yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwakanyanya ikozvino. Mukuwedzera, kukosha kukuru kwezvino kunoshandiswa pakushandura simba remagetsi mumagetsi emagetsi. Saka, maficha ekutanga oparesheni anoisa zvimwe zvinodiwa pabhatiri. Inofanira kupa kukosha kwazvino kunodiwa kwekushanda kwayo kwakanaka. Kana iyo bhatiri yekuchaja isingaenderane nehuwandu hwekushanda, kutanga injini ichazara nematambudziko makuru.
Kuvhiringidza mukushanda kwekutanga kunogona kusanganiswa nekushayikwa kwehuwandu nemuviri uye injini yemotokari. Iyo tambo yepasi inofanira kusimbiswa zvakasimba kune yakacheneswa simbi pamusoro. Iwe zvakare unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi kuti waya haina kusimba. Iyo haifanirwe kuve nekukuvara kunoonekwa uye foci ye sulphation pane zvakabatanidzwa.
Iwe unofanirwawo kutarisa kushanda kweiyo solenoid relay. Chiratidzo chakanyanya kujeka chekusashanda kwayo ndiko kudzvanya kweiyo solenoid core panguva yekuvhara mabatiro eiyo ignition switch. Kuti uigadzirise, iwe uchafanirwa kubvisa iyo yekutanga. Asi, usamhanyira kumhedziso. Kune chikamu chikuru, kusashanda kwe "retractor" kunobatanidza nekupisa kweboka rekubatana, iro rinonzi "pyatakov". Naizvozvo, chekutanga chezvese, iwe unofanirwa kudzokorora vanobatika.
Bhatiri rakaderera
Bhatiri rakashata rinogona kuita kuti mutangi wemota yako atadze. Kazhinji kazhinji, inozviratidza mumwaka wechando, apo bhatiri rinosangana nemutoro mukuru.
Diagnostic matanho munyaya iyi akaderedzwa kusvika:
- kutarisa kuwanda kwebhatiri electrolyte;
- kutarisa chiyero chekuchaja bhatiri.
Zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushanda, kuwanda kwebhatiri electrolyte kunofanira kunge kuri kukosha kwakatarwa. Iwe unogona kutarisa density ne hydrometer.
Kukosha kwehuwandu hwe sulfuric acid yebhandi yepakati ndeye 1,28 g / cm3. Kana, mushure mekuchaja bhatiri, kuwanda mune kanenge chirongo chimwe kwakave kwakadzikira ne 0,1 g / cm.3 bhatiri rinofanira kugadziriswa kana kuchinjwa.
Mukuwedzera, zvinodikanwa nguva nenguva kutarisa chiyero che electrolyte mumabhangi. Kutadza kutevedzera zvinodiwa izvi kunogona kutungamira kune chokwadi chekuti chiyero che electrolyte mubhatiri chinozokwira zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinotungamira kune chokwadi chekuti bhatiri rinongokundikana.
Kuti utarise mwero webhatiri, ingo dzvanya huta yemota. Kana ruzha rusina kugara pasi, saka zvese zvakarongeka nazvo. Cheki iyi inogona kutsigirwa neforogo yemutoro. Inofanira kubatanidzwa kune zviteshi zvebhatiri, uye wozoisa mutoro we5 - 6 seconds. Kana "kudonha" kwemhepo kusina kukosha - kusvika ku10,2 V, saka hapana chikonzero chekufunganya. Kana iri pasi pemutengo wakatarwa, ipapo bhatiri inoonekwa seyakashata.
Kusashanda zvakanaka muketani yemagetsi yekutonga kweanotangira
The starter inoreva midziyo yemagetsi yemotokari. Pane zviitiko zvinowanzoitika apo kukanganisa mukushanda kwayo kwakabatana zvakananga nekukuvadza kudunhu rekutonga rechigadzirwa ichi.
Kuti uone rudzi urwu rwekusashanda, unofanirwa:
- ita shuwa kuti hapana kukuvadza kune waya yemagetsi;
- tarisa kushanda kwekubatana kwekubatana;
- ita shuwa kuti fuse yakanaka.
Kuti uone matambudziko anoratidzwa, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa multimeter. Semuenzaniso, kuitira kuti uongorore iyo yese yekutanga yemagetsi yedunhu, zvinokurudzirwa kuridza waya dzese dzekubatanidza kwekuzorora. Kuti uite izvi, iyo tester inofanira kuiswa kune ohmmeter mode.
Kunyanya kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune vanobatika kweiyo ignition switch uye retractor relay. Pane dzimwe nguva apo chitubu chekudzoka, semugumisiro wekupfeka, hachibvumiri vanobatana kuti vabate zvakanaka.
Kana kudzvanya kweiyo retractor relay yakateedzerwa, pane mukana wekupisa magetsi anobatika. Kuti uone izvi, zvakakwana kuvhara iyo yakanaka terminal ye "retractor" neiyo terminal ye stator winding yemagetsi mota yechigadzirwa. Kana iyo yekutangisa ikatanga, kukanganisa ndiko kuderera ikozvino kutakura kugona kwevaviri vanosangana.
Matambudziko ekutanga
Matambudziko neanotangisa anogona kukonzerwa nekukuvadzwa kwemagetsi kune ayo anoshanda zvinhu, uye kusashanda mumidziyo yayo yemagetsi.
Mechanical kukanganisa kunosanganisira:
- kutsvedza kwefreewheel;
- jamming ye freewheel drive lever;
- kuwedzera kupfeka kwemabushings ezvombo zvemotokari yemagetsi.
Zviratidzo zvinoratidza kutsvedza kweiyo clutch inoputika inoratidzwa mukuti kana kiyi ikashandurwa kune "starter" chinzvimbo, chete mota yemagetsi yeyuniti inotanga, uye bendix inoramba kusangana neiyo flywheel korona.
Kubviswa kwedambudziko iri hakuzoite pasina kubvisa mudziyo uye kudzokorora iyo overrunning clutch. Zvinowanzoitika kuti mubasa rekushanda, zvikamu zvaro zvinongosvibiswa. Nokudaro, dzimwe nguva kudzorera kushanda kwayo, zvakakwana kuishambidza mu peturu.
Iyo overrunning clutch lever zvakare iri pasi pekuwedzera ma mechanical kupfeka. Zviratidzo zvekusashanda uku zvichave zvakafanana: motokari inotanga inotenderera, uye bendisk inoramba kubatanidzwa nemhete yeflywheel. Stem kupfeka kunogona kubhadharwa nekugadzirisa maoko. Asi, zviri nani kuitsiva. Izvi zvichachengetedza nguva uye tsinga kune muridzi.
Iyo yekutanga armature inotenderera mukati memhangura-graphite bushings. Kufanana nezvimwe zvese zvinodyiwa, bushings inopera nekufamba kwenguva. Kutsiva kusingatarisirwi kwezvinhu zvakadaro kunogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko akakomba, kusvika pakutsiva mutangi.
Sezvo kupfekwa kwezvigaro zveanchor kunowedzera, mukana wekusangana kwezvikamu zve insulated unowedzera. Izvi zvinotungamirira kukuparadzwa uye kutsva kwekutenderera kweanchor. Chiratidzo chekutanga chekusashanda kwakadaro kunowedzera ruzha paunotanga kutanga.
Kutanga kutadza kwemagetsi kunosanganisira:
- interturn circuit;
- kuwedzera kwevaunganidzi kupfeka;
- kupfeka / kusununguka mabhurashi;
- kutsemuka kwewaya pakumonereka.
Kana iyo insulation ye conductive elements yemutangi yakaputsika, inorasikirwa zvachose nekuita kwayo. Kupindirana kwechidimbu chedunhu kana kuputsa mumhepo ye stator, sekutonga, haisi yega. Kuputsika kwakadaro kunogona kukonzerwa nekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemayuniti ekutanga ekushanda.
Iyo brashi-muunganidzi unit inofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya. Panguva yekuenderera mberi kwekushanda, carbon-graphite sliding contacts inopera zvinooneka. Kutsiviwa kwavo kusingatarisirwi kunogona kutungamirira kukuvadzwa kune vaunganidzi mahwendefa. Kuti zvionekwe kuziva kushanda kwemabhurashi, muzviitiko zvakawanda zvinodikanwa kubvisa mutangi.
Hazvingave zvakapusa kutaura kuti dzimwe mhizha, dzakapihwa "colossal intelligence", shandura echinyakare mabhurasho egraphite kuita analogue emhangura-graphite, achitaura nezvekupfeka kwakanyanya kwemhangura. Migumisiro yekuvandudzwa kwakadaro hakuzotora nguva refu kuuya. Musingasviki vhiki, muunganidzi acharasikirwa nebasa rayo zvachose.
Solenoid ataure
Zvese zvinokanganisa mukushanda kweiyo solenoid relay zvinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvina:
- kushandiswa kwekushanda kwezvinhu zvekushanda;
- kupera kwezvinhu zvekusangana;
- mechanical kukuvadza kune node dzega;
- kutyorwa kwekuvimbika kweiyo electromagnet winding.
Brushes
Munguva yekushanda kwechigadzirwa, gungano rekutanga bhurashi-muunganidzi rinoda kuongororwa kwakarongeka uye kugadzirisa panguva yakakodzera, iyo inosanganisira zvinotevera:
- kutsiva panguva yakakodzera mabhurashi;
- kutarisa gungano remuunganidzi kutsva uye kusvibiswa;
- kupa iyo inodiwa clamping simba rezvino-kuunganidza zvinhu.
Kutarisa mashandiro emabhurashi kunoitwa uchishandisa yakapusa mota 12 V mwenje girobhu. Imwe mugumo wegirobhu inofanira kudzvinyirirwa pamubati webhurashi, uye imwe mugumo inofanira kusungirirwa pasi. Kana chiedza chikadzimwa, mabhurashi akanaka. Bhabhu remwenje rinoburitsa mwenje - mabhurashi "apera".
Winding
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, iyo yekutanga inotenderera pachayo haiwanzo kukundikana. Matambudziko nawo anowanzo mhedzisiro yekupfeka kwemakanika yezvikamu zvega.
Kunyange zvakadaro, kuitira kuti uve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwayo, kana chiitiko chekuputsika pachiitiko chacho, zvakakwana kuti utarise ne ohmmeter yakajairika. Imwe mugumo wemudziyo unoshandiswa kune inoputika terminal, uye imwe pasi. Museve unotsauka - kuvimbika kwewaya kwakaputsika. Museve wakadzika kusvika panzvimbo - hapana chikonzero chekunetseka.
Starter malfunctions, kana tikasabvisa kukanganisa kwefekitari, kazhinji inokonzerwa nekushanda kwayo kusina kunaka kana kugadzirisa kusina kunaka. Kutsiviwa nenguva kwezvinodyiwa, hunhu hwekungwarira, uye kutevedzera zviyero zvebasa refekitori kuchawedzera zvakanyanya hupenyu hwayo hwesevhisi uye kuchengetedza muridzi kubva kune zvisina basa mari uye kutya kuvhunduka.
