Sei mota dzemagetsi dzisina majenareta?
Zviri mukati
Muchikamu chino, ini ndichakutsanangurira zvikonzero chaizvo nei motokari dzemagetsi dzisingadi majenereta.
Vanhu vazhinji vanoshamisika kana kuwedzera alternator kumotokari yemagetsi kuchashanda. Mubvunzo wakarurama, sezvo ma alternators anobatsira kuchengetedza bhatiri remotokari uye kubhadharisa zvinhu zvayo. Zvisinei, kana tikanyatsotarisa maitiro, tichaona kuti izvi hazvigoneki.
Mota dzemagetsi hadzigone kushandisa majenareta nekuti hadzina mota. Mukuwedzera, jenereta inochengetedza simba rinowanikwa mukati memotokari yemotokari uye haibudiriri. Saka, motokari yemagetsi, haifambidzani nekurasikirwa kwesimba, zvichiita kuti motokari iite zvishoma uye pakupedzisira yakavhara.
Ndichatsanangura pasi apa.
Chii chinonzi jenareta
Ndisati ndatanga kutsanangura zvikonzero nei tisingakwanisi kuisa jenereta mumotokari yemagetsi, ndinofanira kutsanangura kuti jenareta chii.
An alternator mudziyo unoshandura alternating current (AC) kuita direct current (DC). Izvi zvinodaro nekuti alternator inogona kushandura simba remagetsi kuita simba remagetsi.
Iyo inonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zvinotevera:
- Wheel pulley; inopa jenareta nejini torque
- Mugodhi; yakabatana nepulley, inotenderedza magineti
- Magineti anotenderera; gadzira magnetic field nekutenderera. Spin inokonzeresa kusikwa kweiyo ikozvino inogara ichichinja nzira (AC).
- Diodes; vanomisa shanduko yezvino uye vanoimanikidza kutevera munzira imwe
- Mutongi; inodzora ikozvino iyo inoyerera kuburikidza nemotokari yemotokari
Mashandisiro anoita jenareta
Kuti jenareta rishande mumotokari, injini inofanira kunge ichimhanya.
1. Kuwana simba
Injini inofambiswa nebhatiri kuti itange. Inobva yapedza mafuta uye inopa jenareta nemagetsi emagetsi.
Jenareta uye injini zvakabatanidzwa nebhanhire rinosungirirwa kune pulley. Iyo pulley inotenderera pamwe chete neshaft, iyo inoshandura magineti anotenderera.
2. Kugadzira simba
Kutenderera kwemagineti kunogadzira simba remagineti rinoburitsa magetsi. Iko kutenderera kunokonzerawo kuti ikozvino kukurumidza uye nguva dzose kuchinja nzira, kuchinja ikozvino.
Madhiodhi emudziyo anogamuchira alternating current. Nemaitiro avo vanomanikidza ikozvino kutora imwe nzira uye vorega kuichinja.
3. AC kusvika DC
Ipapo kunouya regulator. Inodzora kufamba kwemagetsi emagetsi, saka inofanana nevoltage yebhatiri.
DC yazvino inoyerera ichipinda mubhatiri kuichaja, yozopinda mune yese dunhu kuitira kuti mota yemotokari irambe iripo kunyangwe pasina bhatiri riri kubatanidzwa.
Sei tichida jenareta mumotokari yakajairika
Basa guru rejenereta nderokudzikisa bhatiri.
Mabhatiri emota anoshandisa simba remakemikari rinoburitswa kubva pakuchinja kwemakemikari nguva dzose pakati pezvikamu zvawo. Apo bhatiri riri kushanda, maitiro emakemikari haamire.
Mechanichani iri kunze kwebhatiri inoibvumira kuzorora apo jenareta riri kushanda. Kuita kwacho kunomiswa, zvichibvumira maatomu kuti adzokere kumamiriro awo epakutanga zvinobudirira sezvinobvira.
Izvi zvinobatsira mukuchengetedza bhatiri, sezvo masero ayo haaperi.
Mota yemagetsi inoshanda sei
Kune mhando nhatu dzemotokari dzemagetsi.
Maitiro avo akakosha akafanana, kunyangwe akasiyana mune mashoma mashoma.
- Motokari dzemagetsi zvizere
- Mota dzeHybrid
- Plug-in hybrid mota
Misiyano iri pakuchaja nekuchengetedza simba.
- Mota dzemagetsi dzakakwana dzinoda kugara dzichichaja kubva muzvitoro.
- Mota dzeHybrid dzinoshandisa mota uye bhatiri remagetsi rinochajiwa kana ichibhureki.
- Plug-in hybrid mota dzinogovera huwandu hwadzo maererano nekushandisa gasi uye magetsi. Nekudaro, bhatiri ravo remagetsi rinogona kubhadhariswa kuburikidza neplug.
Motokari dzemagetsi dzakagadzirwa ne:
- Kudhonza bhatiri paki
- Batiri rekubatsira
- Injini yemagetsi
- inverter
- DC / DC converter
Bhatiri pack, inozivikanwawo sebhatiri rekudhonza, inoumbwa nemasero e-lithium-ion akabatana kune mumwe nemumwe. Iyo inogamuchira DC simba ichichaja uye inochengetedza simba.
Rimwe resimba iri rinoendeswa kune rimwe bhatiri kuti rigone kugonesa zvinhu zvemotokari. Apa ndipo panobatsira shanduko yekushandura. Izvo zvinongedzo zvinoda shoma voltage pane yekubatsira bhatiri inoburitsa, saka inoshandura inoderedza kubuda kwemagetsi.
Chimwe chikamu chesimba rakachengetwa mubhatiri rinoenda kumotokari yemagetsi inotyaira mavhiri emotokari.
Iyo mota inoshanda neinochinjika ikozvino yakashandurwa kubva kune yakananga ikozvino neiyo inverter.
Sei mota dzemagetsi dzisina majenareta?
Sezvatotaurwa, jenareta inoda simba remagetsi kuti rishandurwe kuita simba remagetsi.
Iri simba rinouya chete kubva mukati meinjini yekupisa, izvo zvisiri izvo nemotokari dzemagetsi. Zvisinei, vane dzimwe nzira dzinotsiva jenareta.
Asi kunyange kana tikatsiva nzira idzi, jenareta haizokwanisi kushanda mumotokari yemagetsi.
1. Mitemo yefizikisi
Chokutanga pane zvose, tinofanira kuziva kuti simba harigoni kusikwa, rinogona kushandurwa chete.
Pakave nemafungiro anotsanangura kushandiswa kwealternators mumotokari dzemagetsi nenzira inotevera; Bhatiri raigona kushandiswa kushandura mota, iyo inogona kushandura alternator kuti ibudise simba.
Dzidziso iyi inogona kuitika, asi mimwe mitemo yefizikisi inotaura zvakasiyana.
Iyo alternator inoshandisa magetsi emagetsi emagetsi ekupisa. Kuburikidza nepulley nemagineti, inoishandura kuita magetsi. Magetsi anogadzirwa akakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri. Chimwe chikamu chinodyiswa kune zvimwe zvakabatanidzwa mumotokari (kureva, kune stereo system), uye imwe chikamu inodyiswa kune motokari yemagetsi.
Motokari yemagetsi inogamuchira simba shoma uye inomhanya zvishoma. Saka, simba rinodzokera kune alternator ishoma nguva imwe neimwe.
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, iyo alternator inongoshandura AC simba kuita DC simba. Maitiro ekushanda kwealternator anoratidza kuti magiya ayo anochinjana simba pasina kuwedzera kana kuderedza huwandu hwayo. Haakwanisi kugamuchira huwandu hwesimba remagetsi uye anowedzera.
Naizvozvo, dambudziko neyakarongwa nzira nderekuti alternator haigone kugadzira magetsi pachayo.
2. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemabhatiri
Chimwe chikonzero nei maEV asina majenareta imhaka yekuti haaade.
Mabhatiri avanoshandisa akasiyana nemabhatiri emotokari enguva dzose. Mabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi maseru akati wandei ari pamusoro peimwe. Havadi jenareta kuti vasaoma.
Bhatiri remotokari rinoumbwa nemhinduro ye electrolyte, lead uye acid. Iyo alternator yakakosha kuti bhatiri rirambe riri mhenyu kwenguva yakareba sezvazvinogona uye kuchengetedza mhinduro ye electrolyte kubva pakubuda. Inobatsirawo kuderedza kuwanda kwemaitiro emakemikari kuitira kuti bhatiri risapera.
3. Mimwe michina inotsiva jenareta
Mota dzemagetsi dzine midziyo inoshandura AC kuita DC uye neimwe nzira. Vanewo nzira dzakawanda dzekuchengetedza simba.
Saka, jenareta inotsiviwa zvachose nemamwe madivayiri.
Ko mota dzemagetsi dzinei panzvimbo?
Pasinei nekushayikwa kwealternator, motokari dzemagetsi dzine dzimwe nzira dzinogona kushandura uye kunyange kudzorera simba.
1. Vanoshandura simba
Mota dzemagetsi dzinogona kufambiswa ne AC kana DC, zvichienderana nechiteshi chekuchaja.
Iyo mota yemagetsi inoshandura iyo AC simba kuita DC, uye inverter inoshandura iyo DC simba kuita AC. Uye zvakare, iyo DC-ku-DC inoshandura inofanirwa kupa simba kune ese emota zvinhu uye bhatiri rekudhonza rekuchengetedza.
2. Regenerative braking
Mota zhinji dzemagetsi, kunyanya mahybrids, dzine nzira yekuchajazve mabhatiri.
Iyi nzira inonzi regenerative braking uye inotamisa simba remagetsi kune bhatiri rekudhonza. Kana ichiita mabhureki, injini yemotokari inochinja kwayakananga uye inogadzira magetsi.
Nenzira iyi, simba rinochengetwa mubhatiri uye kurasikirwa kwesimba kunoderedzwa.
Summing up
Majenareta midziyo inoshandura simba remagetsi kuita simba remagetsi.
Havagone kugadzira simba rakawedzerwa, kungorishandura chete, saka havagone kushandiswa mumotokari dzemagetsi. Iri rudzi rwemotokari rine mamwe maitiro anogona kushandura AC kuita DC uye neimwe nzira kana zvichidikanwa.
Tekinoroji yavo yepamusoro inovabvumira kuchengetedza simba risiri kushandiswa panguva yekushandiswa kweramangwana.
Tarisa zvimwe zvezvinyorwa zvedu pazasi.
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- Mangani maamps anotora kubhadharisa mota yemagetsi
- Maitiro ekubatanidza akawanda emota mabhatiri ekuteerera
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