Motokari yakashandiswa nemuchina wekutengesa. Chii chekutarisa, chii chekuyeuka, chii chekuteerera?
Kutenga motokari yakashandiswa hakusi nyore. Mamiriro ezvinhu anowedzera kuoma kana uine motokari yakashandiswa ine pfuti mupfungwa. Muchiitiko ichi, kune dzimwe njodzi dzinogona kuitika, uye zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa mari inogona kusvika kuzviuru zvezloty.
Mugove wemusika wemota dzakashongedzerwa otomatiki transmission yave kukura kweanopfuura makore gumi. Muna 2015, 25% yemotokari dzakatengeswa muEurope dzine rudzi urwu rwekutumira, i.e. motokari yechina yega yega ichisiya showroom. Kana tichienzanisa, makore gumi nemana apfuura, 14% chete yevatengi vakasarudza muchina wekutengesa. Inobva kupi? Chekutanga, otomatiki transmissions inokurumidza kupfuura mhando kubva makore mashoma apfuura uye kazhinji ine yakaderera kushandiswa kwemafuta kana zvichienzaniswa nemanyorero ekufambisa. Asi kuva akatendeseka, kazhinji vagadziri havapi mutengi sarudzo uye mamwe injini mumuenzaniso uyu anosanganiswa chete neatomatiki kutapurirana.
Sezvo mugove wemashini ekutengesa mukutengesa kwakazara uchiwedzera, mota dzakashongedzerwa nerudzi urwu rwekutapurirana dziri kuwedzera kuwanikwa mumusika wemotokari wakashandiswa. Kutenga kwavo kunotariswa nevanhu vasina kumbobvira vashandisa michina yekutengesa, uye apa ndipo pane gwara redu.
Onawo: chikwereti chemotokari. Zvakadini zvinoenderana nekupa kwako?
Kune marudzi mana makuru ekutapurirana: classic hydraulic, dual clutch (semuenzaniso DSG, PDK, DKG), inoramba ichichinja (semuenzaniso CVT, Multitronic, Multidrive-S) uye otomatiki (semuenzaniso Selespeed, Easytronic). Nepo zvipfuva zvichisiyana pakushanda kwazvinoita, tinofanira kungwarira sezvatinotenga motokari ine mazviri.
Automatic transmission - pakutenga
Hwaro ndeye test drive. Kana zvichibvira, zvakakodzera kutarisa kushanda kwebhokisi panguva yekutyaira kwedhorobha uye pane chikamu chinofambika chemugwagwa mukuru. Chero zvazvingava, kuchinja kwegiya kunofanira kunge kwakatsetseka, pasina kutsvedza. Iine accelerator pedal yakaora mwoyo munzvimbo D uye R, motokari inofanira kukunguruka zvishoma nezvishoma asi zvechokwadi. Kuchinja kwechinzvimbo chemusarudzo hakufanirwe kuperekedzwa nekugogodza uye jerks. Iva nechokwadi chekutarisa maitiro kune kickdown, i.e. kudzvanya gasi nzira yese. Kusabatanidzwa kunofanirwa kukurumidza, pasina ruzha runokanganisa uye pasina mhedzisiro yakafanana neclutch slippage mumotokari ine manyorero ekufambisa. Pakubhureki, semuenzaniso, kana uchisvika pamharadzano, muchina unofanirwa kudzika zvakanaka uye chinyararire.
Ngationei kana paine mavibrations. Vibration panguva yekuwedzera chiratidzo cheshanduko yakasakara. Paunenge uchimhanyisa mumagiya epamusoro, tsono ye tachometer inofanira kufamba zvakanaka kukwira pachiyero. Chero kamwe kamwe uye zvisina kufanira kusvetuka muinjini yekumhanyisa portend kutadza. Ngatitarisei kana giya rekudzora mwenje padashibhodhi rakabatidzwa uye kana paine chero meseji paratidziro yekombuta, semuenzaniso, nezvekushanda mune emergency mode. Paunenge uchiongorora motokari pane kusimudza, zvakakosha kutarisa kuoneka kwemagetsi kukuvadza kumutumbi webhokisi uye kubuda kwemafuta. Mamwe mabhokisi ane kugona kutarisa mamiriro emafuta. Ipapo kune imwe gomo rekuwedzera pasi pehodhi. Nokumaka, tarisa zvose mamiriro uye kunhuwa kwemafuta (kana pasina kunhuwa kwekupisa). Ngatiedzei kuona kuti mafuta ari mubhokisi akachinjwa riini. Ichokwadi, vazhinji vanogadzira havapi kutsiva zvachose, asi nyanzvi dzinobvumirana - imwe neimwe 60-80 zviuru. km zvakakodzera kuita.
Ngatingwarirei neCVTs uye automated transmissions. Muchiitiko chekutanga, kugadziriswa kunokwanisika kunogona kudhura kudarika munyaya yekutakura kwekare. Mukuwedzera, havasi vose vanoda CVT gearboxes. Yakasanganiswa nedzimwe injini dzisina kusimba uye dzisina kunyarara, injini yemotokari inochema ichimhanya zvakanyanya panguva yakaoma, izvo zvinokanganisa kugadzikana kwekutyaira uye zvinogona kukonzera kushatirwa.
Automated transmissions, kune rumwe rutivi, ndeye classical mechanicha transmissions nekuwedzera otomatiki clutch uye gearshift control. Inoshanda sei mukuita? Sezvineiwo, kazhinji kacho inononoka. Chero avhareji mutyairi ane classic manual transmission anochinja nekukurumidza uye mushe. Pseudo-otomatiki michina, uye izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvavanofanira kunzi, kushanda nehusimbe, kazhinji kusakwanisa kugadzirisa kutapurirana kune mamiriro munzira uye kuda kwemutyairi. Kudzora otomatiki kunoomesera dhizaini inoenderana nekufambiswa kwemanyorero, ichiita kuti igoneke.
Pasinei nokuti ndeupi rudzi rwekutumira otomatiki yakaiswa mumotokari yakashandiswa yatinofarira, zvakakosha kutora munhu anga achityaira otomatiki kwenguva yakareba. Kana iwe usina chokwadi nezve mamiriro ekutapurirana, ita kuti mota iongororwe nenyanzvi yemusangano kuti ione mamiriro ayo.
Onawo: Seat Ibiza 1.0 TSI muyedzo yedu
Automatic transmission - kusashanda
Imwe neimwe otomatiki kutapurirana ichakurumidza kana kuti gare gare inoda kugadziriswa. Zvakaoma kufungidzira avhareji mileage kuti iwedzere - zvakawanda zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekushanda (guta, mugwagwa mukuru) uye maitiro evashandisi. Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti emhando yepamusoro hydraulic mabhokisi, akaiswa pamotokari dzisina kurema dze80s uye 90s, dzaive dzakasimba zvakanyanya, kunyangwe dzakanyanya kuipa kuita uye kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta, asi kana yakanyatsochengetedzwa yaive yakasimba.
Uye zvakare, injini uye kutapurirana kwakabatana kune otomatiki kutapurirana kwakapera kushoma - pakanga pasina kamwe kamwe shanduko mumutoro uye mukana wejerks kana magiya ekuchinja akasabatanidzwa, izvo zvaigoneka negiya bhokisi. Mumotokari dzemazuva ano, hukama uhwu hunozununguswa - mota dzinokwanisa kushandura modes kuti dzive "ane hutsinye", mune dzimwe zvinokwanisika kumanikidza kutangwa kwekudzora maitiro, ayo, nekunyanya kuomesesa kwegiya bhokisi pacharo, zvinoreva kuti dzimwe nguva izvi. michina inoda kugadziriswa mushure mekumhanya isingasviki 200 zviuru zvemakiromita.
Kutumira otomatiki kunodhura kugadzirisa kupfuura mamwe ma mechanical. Izvi zvinokonzerwa, kunyanya, nekunyanya kuoma kwekugadzira. Ivhareji yemari yekugadzirisa motokari inowanzova 3-6 zviuru. zl. Muchiitiko chekuputsika, zvakakosha kuwana musangano wakavimbika uye wakavimbika uyo unotarisira kugadzirisa pasina mari. Zvakakodzera kuverenga online wongororo. Zvingava zviri nani kutumira bhokisi racho nomutakuri kunzvimbo yebasa kunyange mazana mashoma emakiromita kubva kwatinogara pane kutsvaka mari inooneka munharaunda yacho. Sezvo zvisingabviri kuona chokwadi chekugadzirisa tisati taisa gearbox pamotokari, tinofanira kuda vimbiso (masevhisi akavimbika anowanzo kupa mwedzi mitanhatu) uye gwaro rinosimbisa kugadzirisa - rinobatsira kana uchitengesa bhokisi. motokari.
