Kumiswa kwemota. Chishandiso uye chinangwa

Kumiswa kwemotokari kunobatanidza chikamu chinotakura chemotokari nemavhiri. Kutaura zvazviri, iyi igadziriro yekumisa, iyo inosanganisira nhamba yezvikamu uye magungano. Chinhu chayo ndechekutora kukanganiswa kwemasimba akasiyana-siyana anomuka munzira yekufamba munzira uye kuita kubatana pakati pemuviri nemavhiri elastic.

Kumiswa - kumberi nekumashure - pamwe chete nefuremu, matanda eekisi uye mavhiri zvinogadzira chassis yemota.

Huwandu hwehunhu hwemotokari hunotsanangurwa zvakananga nemhando uye dhizaini chaiyo yekumisa. Pakati peakanyanya maparamita akadaro kubata, kugadzikana, uye kunyange kutsvedzerera.

The unsprung mass is a seti yezvikamu zvinokanganisa zvakananga mugwagwa nehuremu hwavo. Chekutanga, aya mavhiri uye akaturika zvikamu uye mabhureki masisitimu akabatana nawo.

Zvose zvimwe zvikamu uye zvikamu, izvo uremu hunotamirwa kumugwagwa kuburikidza nekumiswa, zvinoumba sprung mass.

Chiyero chekukura uye chisina kusimba chine simba rakasimba pakutyaira kwemotokari. Izvo zviduku zvishoma zvezvikamu zvisingasviki zvine chokuita nekuputika, zviri nani kubata uye kutsetseka kwekutasva. Kune imwe nzvimbo, izvi zvakare zvinovandudza dynamics yemotokari.

Kunyanya kuwanda kusingabviri kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kuturika inertia. Muchiitiko ichi, kutyaira mumugwagwa usina kutenderera kunogona kukuvadza ekisi yekumashure uye kutungamirira mutsaona yakakomba.

Zvinenge zvese zvinomisikidzwa zvine chekuita nehuremu husina kusimba hwemotokari. Zvinonzwisisika, saka, chishuvo chemainjiniya kuderedza uremu hwekumiswa mune imwe nzira kana imwe. Kuti izvi zviitike, vagadziri vari kuyedza kudzikisa zviyero zvezvikamu kana kushandisa alloys akareruka pane simbi. kilogiramu imwe neimwe yakakunda zvishoma nezvishoma inovandudza maitiro emotokari. Mhedzisiro imwechete inogona kuwanikwa nekuwedzera sprung mass, asi nekuda kweizvi iwe uchafanirwa kuwedzera huremu hwakakosha. Kune mota dzinotakura vanhu, reshiyo inosvika 15:1. Mukuwedzera, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hunowedzera kuwedzera kukurumidza kwemasimba.

Panyaya yekunyaradza

Motokari ichifamba inogara ichibvunda. Muchiitiko ichi, zvishoma-frequency uye high-frequency oscillations inogona kusiyaniswa.

Kubva pakuona kwekunyaradza, nhamba yekudengenyeka kwemuviri paminiti inofanira kunge iri pakati pe60 kusvika ku120.

Pamusoro pezvo, nekuda kwekushandiswa kwematairi uye zvimwe zvimiro zve elastic, masasi asina kusimuka anoona akakwira frequency vibrations - anenge mazana matanhatu paminiti. Iyo dhizaini yekumisa inofanirwa kuchengetedza kudedera kwakadaro kune kushoma kuitira kuti irege kunzwika mukamuri.

Uye zvechokwadi, mabhampa uye kuvhunduka hazvidzivisiki paunenge uchityaira, kusimba kwaro kunoenderana nemamiriro emugwagwa. Kubudirira kurwisa kukanganisa kwekuzununguka nekuda kwezviputi mumugwagwa ndeimwe yemabasa anokosha ekumisa.

Panyaya yekugona

Motokari inofanirwa kuchengetedza yakapihwa gwara rekufamba uye panguva imwechete ichinje zviri nyore pakuda kwemutyairi. Imwe yemabasa ekumiswa ndeyekupa kugadzikana kwakakwana kwemavhiri anotungamira kuitira kuti mota irambe ichifamba mumutsara wakatwasuka, zvisinei nemapundu asina kurongeka anoitika nekuda kwekukanganisa kwepamusoro pemugwagwa.

Nekugadzikana kwakanaka, mavhiri anotungamira anodzokera kunzvimbo isina kwaakarerekera ane zvishoma kana pasina mutyairi anopindira, uye motokari inofamba mumutsara wakarurama, kunyange kana gumbo risina kubatwa.

Kuti mavhiri anofamba sei maererano nemugwagwa uye muviri unonyanya kugadziriswa ne kinematics yekumisa.

Panyaya yekuchengeteka

Kumiswa kunofanira kupa zvakakwana kubata matai kumugwagwa kuitira kuti chigamba chekusangana chirambe chiripo panguva yekufamba. Shanduko dzesimba muzvirongwa (kurongeka, nezvimwewo), pamwe nekumisa geometry, kunofanirwa kuve kushoma. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kana uchityaira pamusoro pemapump mumugwagwa uye makona. Iyo dhizaini inofanirwa kusanganisira zvinhu zvinoderedza roll uye kuderedza mukana wekutsvedza uye kupidigura kwemuchina, nemamwe mazwi, kupa kugadzikana kwakakwana.

Kumiswa kwemotokari kazhinji kunosanganisira nzira dzekutungamira, elastic components, vibration damper, anti-roll bar, pamwe chete nemafasteners, kudzora uye kudzora zvishandiso.

Nhungamiro nzira 

Chokutanga pane zvose, aya ndiwo mavheti akasiyana-siyana, ayo iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro payo, pamwe chete nemhando dzose dzekudhonza, racks, extensions. Izvo zvinoenderana navo kuti sei uye mukati meipi miganhu zvinogoneka kufambisa mavhiri pamwe nemasanhu akasiyana uye mune dzakasiyana ndege. Mukuwedzera, ivo vanofambisa traction uye braking masimba, pamwe chete neanotevera pesvedzero, semuenzaniso, panguva yekutendeuka.

Zvichienderana nerudzi rwenzira dzekutungamira dzinoshandiswa, kumiswa kwese kunogona kukamurwa kuita makirasi maviri makuru - anotsamira uye akazvimirira.

Muchiremerera, mavhiri ose eekisero rimwe akabatana zvakasimba kune rimwe nerimwe nezambuko (danda remuchinjikwa). Muchiitiko ichi, kutamiswa kwerimwe mavhiri, semuenzaniso, kana uchityaira nepakati pegomba, zvinokonzeresa kutama kwakafanana kweimwe.



Mukumiswa kwakazvimiririra, hakuna kubatana kwakaoma kudaro, saka kusimuka kwakatwasuka kana kurerekera kwevhiri rimwe hakuna zvakunoita pane mamwe.



Makirasi ese ari maviri ane zvakanakira nekuipira, izvo zvinotarisa chiyero chekushandisa kwavo. Kana dziri mota dzevatyairi, pano mukana wakajeka wakave kudivi rekumiswa kwakazvimirira. Kunyangwe iyo yekumashure axle muzviitiko zvakawanda ichiri kuisirwa zvinoenderana, dzimwe nguva unogona zvakare kuwana semi-yakazvimirira torsion-lever system.

Pamberi peaxle, kumiswa kunotsamira, nekuda kwesimba rayo uye kureruka kwekugadzira, kuchiri kukosha pamarori, mabhazi uye mamwe maSUV.

Kuenzanisa kweanotsamira uye akazvimirira masisitimu akazvipira kune.

Iyo dhizaini inogona kusanganisira nhamba yakasiyana yemarevheti, uye anogona kunge ari munzira dzakasiyana. Zvinoenderana neaya maficha, munhu anogona kusiyanisa imwe-lever, kaviri-lever uye akawanda-link suspensions ane longitudinal, transverse kana oblique kurongeka.

Elastic elements 

Izvi zvinosanganisira zvitubu, torsion bars, marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvitubu, pamwe nerubber-metal hinges (silent blocks), nekuda kweiyo levers uye zvitubu zvinofamba. Elastic zvinhu zvinotora kuvhunduka kana uchirova mabumps mumugwagwa uye zvakanyanya kupfavisa maitiro avo pamuviri, mukati memoto injini uye zvimwe zvikamu uye masisitimu emotokari. Uye zvechokwadi, ivo vanowedzera mwero wekunyaradza kune avo vari mucabin.

Kazhinji kazhinji, mukugadzirwa kwekumisikidza yakazvimirira, cylindrical coil zvitubu zvinoshandiswa, zvakagadzirwa neakakosha simbi simbi uchishandisa yakakosha tekinoroji. Zvinhu zvakadaro zve-elastic zvakavimbika, hazvidi kuchengetedza uye panguva imwechete zvinokubvumira kuti uwane kunaka kwakanakisisa. Mumotokari dzinotakura vanhu, zvitubu zvinenge zvachinja zvachose zvitubu.



Nhamba yacho inoratidza hurongwa hwekugadzirisa kwekumiswa kwechirimo nemashuvi maviri.

Mukumiswa kwemhepo, zvitubu zvemhepo zvinoshandiswa sechinhu elastic. Nokushandura gasi rinomanikidza muhumburumbira mune iyi embodiment, zvinokwanisika kukurumidza kugadzirisa kuomarara kwegadziriro, pamwe chete nehuwandu hwemvumo yevhu. Kugadzirisa otomatiki kunowanikwa nekuda kweiyo system ye sensors uye yemagetsi control unit. Zvisinei, mutengo wemudziyo wakadaro wakanyanya kukwirira, uye inongoiswa pamotokari dzepamusoro. Mukuwedzera, kumiswa kwemhepo kunogadzirisa kwakaoma zvikuru uye kunodhura kugadzirisa, uye panguva imwechete inotambura zvikuru mumigwagwa yakaipa.



vibration damper 

Anoita basa rake. Yakagadzirirwa kudzikamisa kudengenyeka kunobva mukushandiswa kwe elastic components, pamwe ne resonant phenomena. Mukushaikwa kwekukatyamadza, kudengenyeka mundege dzakasimukira uye dzakachinjika zvinoderedza zvakanyanya kudzoreka uye, mune dzimwe nguva, zvinogona kutungamirira kune emergency. 

Kazhinji, damper inosanganiswa ne elastic zvinhu mune imwe mudziyo - iyo inongoita seti yemabasa.

Anti-rwakapetwa bhaa 

Ichi chikamu chakaiswa pane ese kumberi nekumashure maekisi. Yakagadzirirwa kudzikisa lateral roll kana ichikona uye kuderedza mukana wemuchina unopinda pamusoro.



Iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve mudziyo uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo anti-roll bar.

Fasteners 

Kuti ubatanidze zvikamu zvekumisa kune furemu uye kune mumwe nemumwe, marudzi matatu ezvisungo anoshandiswa - akavharidzirwa, uye uye kuburikidza neastic components (rubber-metal hinges uye bushings). Iwo ekupedzisira, mukuwedzera pakuzadzisa basa ravo guru, anobatsirawo kuderedza mazinga eruzha nekutora vibrations mune imwe frequency spectrum.

Kazhinji, dhizaini inopawo miganho yekufamba kwemalevers. Kana mota ikapfuura bhambu rakakosha, bumper yerabha inotora mhedzisiro isati yasvika iyo yekuvhundutsa yasvika kumusoro kana kuzasi. Nokudaro, kukundikana kusati kwasvika kwekuvhunduka, kutsigirwa kwayo kwepamusoro uye nechepasi chinyararire block kunodziviswa.

Musoro wenyaya wakapamhama zvakanyanya kuti ugone kuvhara zvese zvawo muchinyorwa chimwe. Pamusoro pezvo, mainjiniya ekugadzira ari kugara achishanda kuvandudza midziyo iripo uye kugadzira mitsva. Iyo yakanyanya kuvimbisa nzira masisitimu ane otomatiki inogadziriswa kune chaiwo mamiriro emugwagwa. Mukuwedzera kune zvitubu zvemhepo zvakatotaurwa, semuenzaniso, zvinogadziriswa anti-roll bars zvinoshandiswa, izvo zvinokwanisa kushandura kusimba kwavo maererano nechiratidzo kubva kuECU.



Mune motokari dzakawanda, zvigadziriswe zvinogadziriswa zvinogadziriswa zvinogadziriswa zvinoshandura kuoma kwekumiswa nekuda kwekushanda kwevhavha ye solenoid.

Mune hydropneumatic suspension, basa rezvikamu zve elastic rinotambwa nemativi, akaparadzana ega zvikamu izvo zvakazadzwa negasi uye mvura. MuHydraktiv system, iyo hydropneumatic sphere chikamu cheiyo suspension strut.



Nekudaro, zvese izvi sarudzo zvinodhura, saka vatyairi vazhinji vanofanirwa kugutsikana neakanakisa MacPherson uye chitubu masisitimu ane maviri anoshuvira nhasi.

Hapana akachengeteka kubva kumatambudziko mumigwagwa yedu, saka hazvizove zvakanyanyisa kujairana nezviratidzo zvezvinobvira. Uye iva nechokwadi chekuverenga.