Kumiswa kwemotokari: mudziyo, musimboti wekushanda
Kumiswa kwemotokari chinhu chakakosha chechasi. Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekubatanidza hukama pakati pemugwagwa, mavhiri uye muviri. Isu tinogona zvakare kusiyanisa mabasa matatu ayo kuturika kunoitwa, uye hazvina mhosva kuti rudzii rwemotokari yatiri kutaura nezvayo - mota yemujaho, mudhudhudhu, ngoro yepakati:
- kubatana kwemavhiri nemuviri;
- kubatwa kwekudengenyeka kunobva mukubatana kwematairi nechepamusoro pemugwagwa;
- kuve nechokwadi chekufamba kwemavhiri maererano nemuviri, nekuda kwekuti kumwe kutsetseka kunowanikwa.
Pawebhusaiti yedu Vodi.su, isu takatobata pamusoro penyaya iyi, tichitaura nezve kuvhunduka kana MacPherson struts. Muchokwadi, kune akakura akasiyana emhando dzekumiswa, kune maviri makuru subspecies:
- kumiswa kunotsamira - mavhiri eimwe axle akabatana zvakasimba kune mumwe nemumwe;
- yakazvimiririra - vhiri rinogona kufamba maererano nemuviri pasina kukanganisa nzvimbo yerimwe coaxial vhiri.
Zvinhu zvakajairika zvemhando dzese dzekumiswa ndezvi:
- zvinhu nekuda kweiyo elasticity inowanikwa (zvitubu, zvitubu, torsion bars);
- zvinhu zvekugovera kwekutungamira kwesimba (longitudinal, transverse, kaviri levers), zvinhu izvi zvinopawo kusungirirwa kweiyo yose yekumisa sisitimu kumuviri unotakura mutoro kana furemu yemotokari;
- daping elements - usabvumira motokari kuti izununguke, kureva kuti, tiri kutaura pamusoro pezvinokonzera kutyisa, izvo, sezvatinoyeuka, mafuta, pneumatic, gasi-mafuta;
- anti-roll bars - bar inobatanidza mavhiri ese eimwe axle yakasungirirwa nema racks;
- fasteners - zvidhinha zvinyararire, mabheji ebhora, simbi bushings.
Zvose izvi mukuita kutyaira mumigwagwa zvine mutoro wakakura, uye mutoro uyu mukuru, wakaipisisa kunaka kwemigwagwa. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvi zvose zvinoratidzwa muhutano hwekufamba: kurongeka kwevhiri kwemotokari kunovhiringidzika, kutadza kutonga kunokanganiswa, motokari inotanga "kugutsurira" kana ichibvongodza, inopindirana zvakanyanya mukutendeuka, kuzununguka kana kutenderera zvakanyanya.
Kuti udzivise matambudziko ese aya, zvinodikanwa kuita diagnostics nenguva, kutsiva zvidhinha zvinyararire, stabilizer struts, kutsiva shock absorbers, nezvimwe.
Marudzi makuru ekumiswa
Marudzi ese akavimbika uye akazvimirira ekumiswa achiri kushandiswa nhasi. Iyo inonyanya kutsamira mhando ndeyekumiswa pazvitubu zvelongitudinal. Iyi sarudzo inoshandiswa mumarori, mabhazi uye SUVs, nokuti ine muganhu wakakura wekuchengeteka, kusiyana neMacPherson strut kumiswa kwakakurumbira nhasi.
Munguva yehondo isati yatanga, kuturika pazvitubu zvakachinjika kwaizivikanwa zvikuru. Yakashandiswa pamhando dzekutanga dzeFord. Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti mota dzeWartburg dzaidiwa panguva iyoyo, dzakagadzirwa muGDR, dzakange dzakashongedzerwa nehurongwa hwakadaro hwechirimo.
Mamwe marudzi ekumisikidzwa anotsamira anosanganisira:
- kumiswa nemaoko anotungamira - achiri kushandiswa pamotokari dzemitambo, marori uye mabhazi anotakura vanhu;
- nepush pombi kana drawbar - yakashandiswa pamotokari yeFord, yakanga yakavimbika, asi yakasiiwa nekuda kwechigadzirwa chakaoma;
- De Dion - mavhiri ekutyaira akabatanidzwa nedanda rakaputika, kutenderera kumavhiri kunotapurwa kubva kubhokisi regiya kuburikidza neaxle shafts ine hinges. Iyi sisitimu yakavimbika zvakanyanya, inoshandiswa paFord Ranger, Smart Fortwo, Alfa Romeo uye mamwe akawanda emota modhi.
Torsion-link suspension inoreva semi-dependent. Yakatanga kuiswa pazvizvarwa zvekutanga zveVolkswagen Golf uye Scirocco. A torsion bar ichubhu yesimbi, mukati mayo mune matanda elastic anoshanda ari torsion. Torsion mabara anoshandiswa sechinhu che elasticity kana anti-roll bar.
Yakazvimirira pendants zvakare akagadzirwa nhamba huru yemhando. Imwe yeakareruka - ine swinging axle shafts. Iyo axle shafts zvakare inobuda kubva mubhokisi regiya, elastic zvinhu zvinoshandiswawo pano: torsion mabara, zvitubu, zvitubu. Yakanga yakanyatsokodzera zvidiki-zvisina-kukurumidza mota, senge ZAZ-965, asi gare gare vakatanga kuisiya kwese kwese.
Wishbone kumiswa kunoshandiswa pahuwandu hwemotokari dzevatakuri nhasi. Muchokwadi, mavhiri haana kubatanidzwa, asi anonamirwa kune levers, ayo anozove akabatanidzwa zvinofambiswa kune muviri.
Gare gare, hurongwa hwakadaro hwakagadziridzwa kakawanda:
- longitudinal levers;
- oblique levers;
- zvishuwo zviviri;
- multi-link kumiswa.
Muchidimbu, iyo MacPherson strut kumiswa ndeimwe yemhando dzechigadziro ichi, icho chakawedzera kugadziridzwa nekuisa kenduru - gwara regwara rine kuvhunduka kunobata.
Zvakanaka, usakanganwa kuti nhasi unoshingaira marudzi ekumisa ari kuwana mukurumbira, somuenzaniso, pamatsime emhepo. Kureva, mutyairi anogona kudzora siyana parameters kushandisa control namano. Adaptive suspension system yakaoma yakashongedzerwa nehuwandu hwema sensors anounganidza ruzivo nezve kumhanya, mugwagwa wepamusoro mhando, nzvimbo yevhiri, uye zvichibva pane idzi data, iyo yakakwana yekutyaira modhi inosarudzwa.
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