Kumiswa, ndiko kuti, kubatana pakati pevhu nekabhini
Avhareji mushandisi wemotokari anowanzo teerera kune injini, chidhiraivho uye mabhureki. Zvichakadaro, chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa kuchengetedzwa kwekutyaira ndiko kumiswa.
Kuedza kwevagadziri vemotokari kuvandudza powertrains kuchave kusina maturo kana kusina kuperekedzwa nekugadzirisa kwakakodzera kwekumiswa, iyo inofanira kuita mabasa akawanda, kazhinji inopesana.
- Kune rumwe rutivi, kumiswa kune simba rakasimba pakufambisa kunyaradza uye kubata, pamwe nekuchengeteka - zvigadziro zvayo uye mamiriro ehutano anotarisa kureba kwebhureki, kukwanisa kwekona uye kushanda kwakarurama kwemagetsi ekufambisa rubatsiro, anotsanangura Radoslav Jaskulsky, Skoda. Auto. Murairidzi wechikoro.
Kumiswa kune marudzi maviri: kutsamira, kuzvimiririra. Muchiitiko chekutanga, mavhiri emotokari anopindirana. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti dzakanamirwa kune chinhu chimwe chete, sechitubu chemashizha. Mukumiswa kwakazvimirira, gumbo rega rega rinosungirirwa kune zvikamu zvakasiyana. Kune zvakare yechitatu mhando yekumiswa - semi-inotsamira, umo mavhiri ari paakisi yakapihwa anopindirana chete zvishoma.
Basa guru rekumiswa nderekuvimbisa kusangana kwakaringana kwemavhiri emota nepasi. Tiri kutaura nezvese ari maviri anobudirira kunyorovesa emapundu uye zvirinani kubata pasi - kusabatanidzwa kwenguva dzekuparadzaniswa kwemavhiri nekuda kwedips kana materu. Panguva imwecheteyo, kumiswa kunofanira kuvimbisa kurongeka kwakarurama uye kutarisa kinetics yemotokari yose, i.e. dzikamisa tilt kana uchikona, hard braking kana dynamic acceleration. Kumiswa kunofanirwa kubata ese aya mabasa nenzira imwechete sezvinobvira, asi pasi pemamiriro akasiyana kwazvo emutoro, kumhanya, tembiricha uye kubata.
Kumiswa kunosanganisira nhamba yezvikamu zvinoita mabasa akasiyana. Iyi sisitimu inosanganisira zvinhu zvinotungamira vhiri, ndiko kuti, kuona iyo geometry yechasi (wishbones kana tsvimbo), kuturika zvinhu (ikozvino zvakajairika coil zvitubu) uye, pakupedzisira, damping zvinhu (shock absorbers) uye kudzikamisa zvinhu (stabilizers) .
Kubatana pakati pechasi (painogarwa nemotokari) uye chishuwo (chinobata vhiri) ndicho chinotyisa. Kune akati wandei emhando dzeshock absorbers zvichienderana nechinhu chiri kunyorovesa kufamba. Semuenzaniso, motokari dzeSkoda dzinoshandisa mazuva ano hydropneumatic shock absorbers, i.e. gasi-mafuta. Ivo vanopa iyo yakakwana musanganiswa wekubudirira uye kurongeka, zvisinei nemutoro uye tembiricha, nepo ichivimbisa kwenguva refu, isina dambudziko kushanda.
Mune mamwe mamodheru, mugadziri weCzech anoshandisa inopindirana sisitimu muchimiro chedanda rekurovedzera rine maoko anoteedzera kumashure. Iyo Skoda torsion beam chinhu chemazuva ano uye chinogara chichishanduka. Mumotokari dzine yakaderera kumashure axle mutoro, inokwana mhinduro inopa yakanaka kutyaira kugadzikana uye kugadzikana uchichengetedza mutengo unodhura wekutenga mota uye mutengo wakaderera wekushanda kunotevera (chikamu chiri nyore uye chakavimbika).
Iyo yekumashure axle torsion beam yakaiswa paCitigo, Fabia, Rapid uye mamwe mavhezheni einjini yeOctavia. Iwo mamodheru asara emhando, nekuda kwechinangwa chavo chakanyanya (kutyaira kunze kwemugwagwa kana kutyaira kwemitambo) kana huremu hukuru, shandisa yakagadziridzwa yakazvimiririra yakawanda-link system. Iyi dhizaini inovimbisa kunyaradzwa kwekutyaira kwepamusoro, kuchengetedzeka kwakakura pasi pemutoro wakawedzera uye kusakanganiswa kwekutyaira dynamics nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwekutevera uye kuchinjika zvinongedzo. Iyo yakawanda-link system muSkoda mota inoshandiswa muSuperb, Kodiaq uye dzimwe shanduro dzeOctavia (semuenzaniso, RS).
Zvisinei, pane axle yepamberi, vose Skodas vanoshandisa iyo inonyanya kufarirwa yemhando yekumisa yakazvimirira - MacPherson struts ine yakaderera wishbones. Iyi ndiyo yakanakisa sarudzo yezvikonzero zvekugadzira: vatauri vanotora nzvimbo shoma pasi pehodhi. Kubatsira kukuru pano ndiko kukwanisa kuderedza nzvimbo yejini, izvo zvinoguma nepakati pepakati pegiravhiti yemotokari yose.
Chishandiso chinobatsira, semuenzaniso, mungoro dzechiteshi, i nivomat. Ichi chishandiso chinochengetedza kumashure kuturika kwemota padanho rakakodzera. Nivomat inodzivirira kupeta kwechikamu chekumashure chemuviri kana kamuri remitoro rakaremerwa. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, iyo Skoda Octavia RS uye Octavia RS 230 inogona kuve yakashongedzerwa neinogadzirisa DCC kumiswa nesarudzo yekutyaira mbiri (Dynamic Chassis Control). Muchigadziro ichi, kuoma kwezvinyamusi zvinogadziriswa zvinogadziriswa nevhavha inodzora kubuda kwemafuta mukati mavo. Maererano nemugadziri, valve inodzorwa nemagetsi zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemashoko: mamiriro emugwagwa, maitiro ekufambisa uye nzira yakasarudzwa yekushanda. Kuvhurwa kwevharuvhu kwakazara kunopa kunyorovesa kunoshanda, kudiki - kwakanyatso kurongeka uye nekuvimba kubata nekunyatsoshanda braking uye kuderedza roll.
Iyo yekutyaira modhi yekusarudza sisitimu, i.e. yekutyaira mbiri sarudzo, yakabatana neDCC. Inokubvumira kuti ugadzirise mamwe ma parameter emotokari kune zvinodiwa uye zvido zvemutyairi. Iyo iripo yekutyaira modhi "Comfort", "Normal" uye "Sport" inoshandura marongero ekutapurirana, kutungamira uye damper maitiro. DCC inobatsirawo kuwedzera kuchengetedzeka kwekushanda, sezvo basa racho richingochinja kubva kuComfort kuenda kuSport mumamiriro ekukurumidzira, nekudaro kuwedzera kugadzikana uye kupfupisa chinhambwe chebhureki.
