Ese mavhiri kana ese mavhiri dhiraivha | ndiani ane hanya?
Zviri mukati
4WD, AWD, chikamu chenguva kana nguva yakazara. Iwo ese akasiyana uye ese akakodzera kune akasiyana kutyaira mamiriro.
Saka ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peAWD ne4WD? Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ese AWD ne4WD masisitimu anotyaira ese mavhiri mana, saka mazita avo, asi zvinhu zvinowedzera kuoma kubva ipapo.
Nekudaro, Subaru ine tsananguro inoyevedza: "All-wheel drive yave rondedzero inogamuchirwa yemota inogara ichityaira mavhiri ese. 4WD inowanzo fungwa semota kana, kazhinji, hombe SUV (Sports Utility Vehicle) inoshandisa mutyairi-selectable system iyo inobata nemuchina kutyaira kwese-mavhiri."
Munyika chaiyo zvinhu hazvina kumboreruka zvakadaro, asi semutemo wakajairwa, XNUMXxXNUMXs dzakareruka uye dzakaderera (funga Subaru Forester et al) pane XNUMXxXNUMXs uye akakodzera kutyaira nekukurumidza mumigwagwa nemigwagwa ine tsvina pane kunonoka kutyaira. havana mvumo yepasi. uye kutapurirana kwakagadzirirwa kushanda mumamiriro ekunze-mumugwagwa.
Mota dzinogara-pamavhiri ekutyaira masisitimu dzakagadzirwa uye dzakagadzirirwa kutyaira zuva nezuva paasphalt "nenguva nenguva netsvina kana kureruka kwekushandisa-nzira," inodaro Subaru.
Mota dzinotyaira mavhiri ese (dzinozivikanwawo sema 4x4s) ndidzo rimwe divi rekoini yemotokari iyoyo: dzinowanzova hombe, kurema, kuvimbika uye dzinokodzera zvirinani kutyaira munzvimbo pfupi*. (Usanetseka: tichatsanangura kuti chii gare gare mushinda iyi.)
Musiyano uripo pakati peAWD neAWD masisitimu haungori mukufanana kwakafanana kweaviri masisitimu, asi zvakare wakadzama muhunyoro hwehurongwa pachahwo uye maapplication chaiwo avakagadzirirwa.
Asi ndeipi unit iri nani mukutarisana nemota dzese-mavhiri uye mota dzese-mavhiri? Ndeupi wevaviri ari nani munzira, kunze kwenzira, uye ndeipi iri nani kumhuri yako? Verenga uye uzive.
Chikamu chenguva 4WD yakatsanangura
Muzhinji dzechinyakare dzisiri-nzira 4WD mota, simba kubva muinjini inongotumirwa kumavhiri ekumashure kuburikidza nekesi yekufambisa. Iyo yekuchinjisa kesi ine magiya maviri anogona kubatanidzwa neketani. Iwe unobvisa cheni kune maviri-mavhiri drive - kumashure chete - uye inoshanda muXNUMXWD modhi; izvi zvinovhara sipidhi yeekisi yekumberi kune yekumashure sipidhi.
Iwo mavhiri mana anoshanda mu 2WD mumugwagwa, nzvimbo dzekukwevera nekuti haudi ese ari mana kuti anyatso dhonza sezvaungaite mumigwagwa yematombo kana makwara.
Mune chikamu-nguva 4WD masisitimu, dzimwe nguva anonzi 4x4 kana pane-inoda 4WD masisitimu, kuita iyo nyaya yekuchinjisa inopa yakanyanya dhiraivha mune inononoka-mumugwagwa mamiriro. Nekudaro, mavhiri acharamba achitsvedza uye kukwenya nekuda kwenzvimbo yakasununguka, iyo inova nechokwadi chekuti chero vhiri rekumonyorora rinozvigadzirisa pacharo nekutenderera kudzikisa kushushikana.
Zvisinei, mumugwagwa, mavhiri anofanira kutenderera akazvimiririra kuti akwanise kukona. Kana kutenderera kwevhiri rimwe nerimwe kunoganhurirwa nehurongwa hwe4WD, painokona, matai anotsvedza kana kutenderera mukuedza kuchengetedza kukurumidza kutenderera nguva dzose.
Kana wanga ukashandisa 4WD mumugwagwa kwenguva yakareba, uri kukumbira kukakavara: inowedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta, kukonzera kusapfeka uye kubvarura kusingakoshi pamotokari yako, uye zvakanyanya kuipa, kukonzera kukanganisa kwakakomba kwairi nekuda kwekufambisa kwemhepo. inozivikanwawo sekutapurirana tie-up).
Aya ndiwo mamiriro ekuti SUV's powertrain yako iri pasi pekunetseka kukuru nekuda kwesimba rakanyanyisa re torque rinomanikidza mota yako, yakavharwa mu4WD modhi, nemumakona nekutenderera apo mavhiri mana achiri kutenderera nekumhanya kunogara kuripo. .
Kana matai asingakwanisi kutsvedza kuti asunungure pent kumusoro simba, "monyorora" iyi inosimbisa hubs yemavhiri uye kutapurirana kusvika painogumira, iyo inogona kudhura zvakanyanya kugadzirisa uye, zvakanyanya, ine njodzi. .
Nguva Yakazara 4WD Inotsanangurwa
Permanent 4WD inogara ichityaira ese mana mavhiri. Kuti utenderere dambudziko rekutapurirana kink rataurwa pamusoro apa, sisitimu inoshandisa musiyano wepakati (kana kungosiyanisa) inopa kumhanya kwakasiyana kune imwe neimwe axle.
Kunyangwe iyo nyaya yekuchinjisa inogara ichibatikana kutyaira kumberi uye kumashure mavhiri, iyo musiyano inobvumira kwakasiyana kutenderera kumhanya. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mumugwagwa, iyo XNUMXWD sisitimu haiedze kuchengeta vhiri rega rega pamhanyiro yakatarwa, kudzivirira kutapurirana kunogona kubuda.
Pane masisitimu emasheya, musiyano unogona kukiyiwa, zvichiita kuti mavhiri atenderere nekumhanya kwakafanana uye nekudaro achipa iyo yakafanana ye-road-road gravel kugona sevamwe vayo venguva pfupi.
Musiyano wekiyi, kumashure kana pakati, uye yakaderera dhizaini * inoshandiswa kana kutyaira kunze kwemugwagwa kukanyanya kuoma uye iwe unoda yakakwana vhiri rekudhonza uye yakanyanya torque kubva pakutakurwa. (* Tinovimbisa zvakawanda pane izvi pazasi.)
Low Range 4WD Inotsanangurwa
Iyo Toyota LandCruiser 70 Series muenzaniso weiyo yakaderera renji ese-mavhiri dhiraivha mota.
Nguva-yenguva uye yakazara-nguva XNUMXWD mota dzinowanzo kuve nembiri-renji yekuchinjisa kesi, uye izvi zvinokupa iwe rusununguko rwakanyanya kana zvasvika kune kure kure neyakarohwa track yaunogona kuenda.
Kutanga, kukwirira kwakakwirira: mu 2H (mavhiri maviri-mavhiri, yakakwira) modhi, mavhiri maviri, kazhinji mavhiri ekumashure, anotyaira mota. Iwe unoshandisa 2H kune yakajairika traffic traffic.
Mu4H (4WD, High Range) modhi, ese mavhiri mana anotyaira mota. Uri kushandisa XNUMXH pazvimiro zvingangoda kubata kupfuura bhitumini; funga jecha rakaomarara, migwagwa ine tsvina, nzira dzematombo nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Inotevera kumusoro, yakaderera mhando: Mu4L (XNUMXWD, yakaderera siyana) maitiro, ese mavhiri mana anotyaira mota uye yakaderera giya reshiyo inoshandiswa. Mavhiri emota yako anotenderera zvishoma pane akakwira RPM, saka zviri nani kushandisa kumhanya kunononoka uye torque yakawanda.
Iwe unoshandisa iyo 4L yejecha rakapfava, matombo ejecha, zvikomo zvine materu uye materu, madhaka akadzika kana sinou, uye inononoka kukambaira dombo.
Iwe waifanirwa kuchinjika kune yakakwira kana yakaderera renji nediki switch (pfupi knob) padivi pechinyorwa chako chikuru kana auto shifter, uye vamwe vedu kubva ku "Old Days" vakatozobuda mu4WDs uye kunyatsokiya yedu. manual-lock hubs pamavhiri epamberi ekushanda kunze kwemugwagwa; wozoikiinura paunodzokera ku2H. Kwete zvakare; ikozvino unogona kuchinjira kune yakakwirira kana yakaderera renji uchishandisa dial kana knob mucabin.
Mumotokari zhinji dzemazuva ano dze4WD, unogona kusimuka kubva pa2H kuenda pa4H usingamire, asi kutama kubva pa4H kuenda kuXNUMXL kunoda kumira kwakazara.
Mavhiri mana akatsanangura
Subaru's zvachose-gumbo dhiraivha inokwanisa kufambisa inosvika makumi manomwe muzana ye torque kune yekumashure ekisero.
Motokari ina-mavhiri haishandise kesi yekufambisa; vanoshandisa dhiraivha system ine dhizaini-yakaganhurirwa-inotsvedza musiyano kana yemagetsi inodzorwa clutch-inotungamira torque painodiwa zvakanyanya kuti iite zvakanaka, ichiri kubvumira mutsauko wekutenderera pakati pemberi neshure.
"Mune maAWD akawanda masisitimu, injini inotyaira giya bhokisi remberi, iro rinotanga kutyaira axle yekumberi nemusiyano wepamberi," anotsanangura kudaro Subaru Australia tech guru Ben Grover.
“Kutenderera kweekisero yekumberi, kunozoitawo shaft yepakati panotenderedzwa neaseri yekumashure.
“Izvi zvinoreva kuti torque yakawanda inotumirwa kune ekisero yekumberi, ukuwo yekumashure inowana chikamu chinosvika makumi mana kubva muzana.
"Kune rumwe rutivi, Subaru's system inonyanya kufambisa musiyano wepakati, zvinoreva kuti hurongwa hunogona kutumira kusvika ku70 muzana ye torque kune axle yekumashure."
Iyo inogara-pa4WD sisitimu ichapa yakawanda traction pane mutyairi-selectable XNUMXWD sisitimu mune "isingatarisirwe mamiriro apo kona inotsvedza kupfuura yaitarisirwa, kana kana kukurumidza kufambisa kuchidikanwa kuti ufambe zvakachengeteka rukova rwunosangana," anodaro Subaru.
Rangarira: XNUMXxXNUMXs akagadzirwa kuti ashandiswe mumigwagwa yetara ine tsvina shoma kana kureruka kwenzira.
XNUMXWD tsananguro pakukumbira
Iyo Toyota Kluger inowanikwa ne-mavhiri ose pakukumbira mumhando dzepamusoro-soro.
Izvi zvinowanzoshandiswa pamotokari dzinotakura vanhu uye mamwe maSUV ane hushamwari hweguta.
Panzvimbo yenguva yakazara-mavhiri ose, motokari inoramba iine mavhiri maviri (kazhinji mavhiri epamberi). Kana mavhiri epamberi atanga kutenderera, masensa anoona kurasikirwa kwekudhonza uye anodzosera injini torque kune imwe axle kuti ipe yakanyanya kudhonza.
Iyo yakangwara sisitimu nekuti haikupe zvausingade kusvika wazviita.
Iko kuderedzwa kwakaderedzwa nekutyaira mavhiri maviri chete nguva zhinji kunokonzeresa kuderedzwa kwemafuta pane zvekusingaperi-mavhiri mavhiri masisitimu, ayo anogona kupa mari yakawanda pamusoro pehupenyu hwemotokari.
Saka, SUV AWD kana 4WD?
OFF-ROAD (Sport Utility Vehicle) idimikira rinobva kuUnited States uye rinoshandiswa kutsanangura mota isiri-mumugwagwa, kazhinji inofamba nemavhiri ese akavakirwa pane mwenje werori chassis.
Mumakore achangopfuura, iyo SUV yanga ichishandiswa zvakanyanya muAustralia pamusika uye kushambadzira sezita rinobatanidza zvese kune chero mota inoita semota, kusanganisira kunyangwe yakatarisana neguta "yakapfava" crossovers. kunze. "Off-road" haina chekuita nerudzi rwekutyaira mota ine kana kugona kwayo kwekunze.
Musiyano pakati peAWD ne4WD - off-road
Saka, unogona kutyaira kubva-nzira ne-ase-vhiri drive? Hongu unogona, asi isu tinokurudzira kuti usazvitora kure nazvo. XNUMXWDs yakareruka uye idiki pane XNUMXWDs uye yakanyatsokodzera kutyaira mumigwagwa ine matombo, makwara akaumbwa, uye akareruka kunze-mumugwagwa mamiriro akaita sejecha rakaoma regungwa nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Sezvambotaurwa, XNUMXxXNUMXs kazhinji ine yakaderera pasi clearance pane XNUMXxXNUMX vamwe vawo uye saka vari nyore kunamira pane zvipingamupinyi (matombo, zvigutsa) kana kunamira munzvimbo (jecha rakadzika).
Iwe zvakare haupihwe kubvumidzwa kwakawanda kana zvasvika pakutyaira mune akadzika mavhiri matiraki kana ruts, saka wepasi ari panjodzi yekukuvadzwa.
Iyo XNUMXWD kutapurirana haina kugadzirwa kuti ishande munzvimbo dzakaomarara kunze kwemugwagwa senge nguva refu yekutyaira mujecha rakapfava.
XNUMXxXNUMXs dzinowanzove dzakakura, dzinorema, dzakavimbika uye dzine drivetrain uye chassis yakagadzirirwa kuomesesa kunze kwenzira mamiriro, saka inonyatso kuenderana neinononoka, nzvimbo yakaoma.
Chii chiri nani, mana-mavhiri kana mana-mavhiri?
Zvinoenderana nekuti wava kuishandisa sei.
Zvibvunze: chii chiri nani kwandiri - mana-mavhiri kana mana-mavhiri? Kana iwe nemhuri yako muchida zvekunze nekudzika musasa, asi musingade kuenda mhiri kwenzira dzakanyatsogadzirwa nematombo kana nzira dzakagadzirwa mumapaki emunyika mazhinji eAustralia kuti musvike ikoko, saka XNUMXxXNUMX inopa nyaradzo, chengetedzo uye kuita kwemaguta. , nyika uye nyika kutyaira.
Nepo mukaha uri pakati peXNUMXxXNUMXs neXNUMXxXNUMXs uri kuvhara nekukurumidza, maererano nekukwira nekubata, XNUMXxXNUMXs ichiri kuda kukunda XNUMXxXNUMXs pane ese ekunyaradza metrics.
Asi iyo 4xXNUMX yakadzika pasi pevhu uye kutora mhepo, uye yayo powertrain uye chassis, iyo isina kunyatso kujairana nekunze-mumigwagwa mitoro se XNUMXxXNUMXs, zvinoreva kuti XNUMXxXNUMXs hapana kwaanosvika seanogona kuita zvakasiyana. -uye-mahombekombe anokwanisa sechinangwa-chakavakwa XNUMXWD.
Kana iwe uine mhuri yakakura uye uchida kuenda kuzororo munzvimbo dzakaoma-kusvika-dzakaoma kusvika kune chero chinhu kunze kweLandCruiser, saka unoda 4WD. Mota idzi dzine transmission, gearbox, suspension, ground clearance, kureba kwekutora mhepo, tisingarevi makona ekupinda, kubuda nekumhanyisa kukunda off-road zvirinani pane all-wheel drive.
A plethora yezvishandiso zvekusarudza inowanikwawo kune mota dzeXNUMXWD - kukwidziridzwa kwekumiswa, snorkels nezvimwe - kuti vawedzere kusimudzira kugona kwavo kunze kwemugwagwa.
Chinyorwa chemupepeti: Ichi chinyorwa chakatanga kuburitswa muna Chikumi 2015 uye parizvino chakagadziridzwa kuitira kunyatso uye kuzara.
