Mavhiri mana kubva kuAudi - Quattro

Quattro inonzi branded all-wheel drive system inoshandiswa mumotokari dzeAudi. Iyo dhizaini inogadzirwa mune yakasarudzika dhizaini, yakakweretwa kubva kuSUVs - injini uye gearbox inowanikwa kureba. Iyo yakangwara sisitimu inopa yakanakisa simba rekuita zvinoenderana nemamiriro emugwagwa uye mavhiri. Michina yacho ine kubata kwakanaka uye inobata pane chero mhando yemugwagwa.

Ko Quattro yakaitika sei?

Kekutanga, mota ine dhizaini yakafanana neyemavhiri mavhiri yakaratidzwa kuGeneva Motor Show muna 1980. Iyo prototype yaive yeuto jeep Volkswagen Iltis. Miedzo panguva yekuvandudzwa kwayo mukupera kwema1970 yakaratidza kubata kwakanaka uye hunhu hunofanotaurwa mumigwagwa inotsvedza ine sinou. Pfungwa yekuunza iyo pfungwa yejepi-mavhiri mudhizaini yemota yaive yakavakirwa paAudi 80 series coupe.

Kukunda kunogara kuchiitwa kwekutanga Audi Quattro mumujaho werally kwakaratidza iko kurongeka kweiyo-mavhiri dhiraivha pfungwa. Kusiyana nekusahadzika kwevatsoropodzi, vane nharo huru yaive huwandu hwekutapurirana, hungwaru hweinjiniya mhinduro dzakashandura kusakosha uku kuita mukana.

Iyo itsva Audi Quattro yakaratidzwa nekugadzikana kwakanakisa. Saka, nekuda kwekurongeka kwekutapurirana, kugovaniswa kwakakwana kwehuremu pamwe nemaekisi kwakagoneka. Iyo-se-vhiri drive Audi ye1980 yakava ngano yerally uye yakasarudzika serial coupe.

Kuvandudzwa kweQuattro all-wheel drive system

Chizvarwa chekutanga

Yekutanga chizvarwa quattro system yaive yakashongedzerwa ne-inter-axle uye inter-vhiri mavhiri nemukana wekumanikidzwa kukiya nemuchina dhiraivha. Muna 1981, iyo system yakagadziridzwa, makiyi akatanga kushandiswa nepneumatics.

Mienzaniso: Quattro, makumi masere, Quattro Cupe, zana.

Chizvarwa chechipiri

Muna 1987, nzvimbo yemahara yepakati axle yakatorwa ne-self-locking limited slip differential Torsen Type 1. Iyo modhi yakasiyaniswa neyakachinjika kurongeka kweiyo satellite gears maererano nedhiraivha shaft. Torque kutapurirana kwakasiyana 50/50 pasi pemamiriro akajairwa, inosvika 80% yesimba richiendeswa kune axle ine yakanyanya kubata mukutsvedza. Musiyano wekumashure waive wakashongedzerwa otomatiki yekuvhura basa nekumhanya pamusoro pe25 km / h.

Mienzaniso: 100, Quattro, 80/90 quattro NG, S2, RS2 Avant, S4, A6, S6.

III chizvarwa

Muna 1988, chivharo chemagetsi chekusiyanisa chakatangwa. Iyo torque yakagoverwa pamwe chete neaxles, ichifunga nezvesimba rekunamatira kwavo kumugwagwa. Kudzora kwaiitwa neiyo EDS system, iyo yakaderedza vhiri rekudhonza. Iwo emagetsi akabatanidza otomatiki kuvharika kwe-multi-plate clutch yepakati uye yemahara yepamberi kusiyana. Torsen yakaganhurirwa inotsvedza musiyano yakaendeswa kune yekumashure axle.

IV chizvarwa

1995 - yemagetsi yekuvhara sisitimu yekumberi uye kumashure yemahara-mhando yekusiyanisa yakaiswa. Center differential - Torsen Type 1 kana Type 2. Normal torque distribution - 50/50 nekwaniso yekuendesa kusvika ku75% yesimba kune imwe axle.

Mienzaniso: A4, S4, RS4, A6, S6, RS6, allroad, A8, S8.

V chizvarwa

Muna 2006, iyo Torsen Type3 asymmetrical centre musiyano yakaunzwa. Chinhu chakasiyana kubva kuzvizvarwa zvakapfuura ndechekuti ma satellite anowanikwa anoenderana nedhiraivha shaft. Center differentials - yemahara, ine yemagetsi lock. Kugovera torque pasi pemamiriro akajairwa kunoitika muchikamu che40/60. Pakutsvedza, simba rinowedzera kusvika 70% pamberi uye 80% kumashure. Nekuda kwekushandiswa kweiyo ESP system, zvakave zvichiita kuendesa kusvika ku100% ye torque kune axle.

Mienzaniso: S4, RS4, Q7.

VI chizvarwa

Muna 2010, dhizaini yezvinhu zveese-vhiri dhiraivha yeAudi RS5 itsva yakachinja zvakanyanya. Musiyano wepakati wedhizaini yedu yakaiswa zvichienderana nehunyanzvi hwekupindirana kwemagiya akadzikama. Kuenzaniswa neTorsen, iyi ndiyo inonyanya kushanda mhinduro yekugadzika torque kugovera mumamiriro akasiyana ekutyaira.

Mukushanda kwakajairika, chiyero chesimba chemberi nekumashure maekisi 40:60. Kana zvichidikanwa, iyo mutsauko inotamisa inosvika 75% yesimba kune yekumberi ekisi uye inosvika 85% kune yekumashure axle. Zviri nyore kubatanidza mukutonga zvemagetsi. Somugumisiro wekushandiswa kwekusiyanisa kutsva, maitiro emagetsi emotokari anoshanduka zvishoma nezvishoma zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu chero ipi zvayo: simba rekubata matairi mumugwagwa, maitiro ekufambisa uye maitiro ekufambisa.

Dhizaini yehurongwa hwemazuva ano

Kutenderera kwemazuva ano kweQuattro kune zvinhu zvikuru zvinotevera:

• Kufambisa.
• Chinjana kesi uye wepakati kusiyanisa mune imwe imba.
• Main giya yakarongeka yakabatanidzwa mune yekumashure mutsauko dzimba.
• Musangano weCardan unotumira torque kubva pakati pekusiyanisa kusvika kune inotyairwa axles.
• Musiyano wepakati unogovera simba pakati pemberi nekumashure maekisi.
• Yemahara mhando kumberi kusiyanisa ine yemagetsi kukiya.
• Electronic freewheel kumashure musiyano.

Iyo Quattro system inoratidzirwa nekuwedzera kuvimbika uye kusimba kwezvinhu. Ichi chokwadi chinosimbiswa nemakumi matatu emakore ekushanda kwekugadzira uye rally Audi mota. Kukundikana kwakaitika kazhinji kazhinji kwave kuri mugumisiro wokusafanira kana kuti kushandisa zvakanyanyisa.

Tsanangudzo Yebasa Quattro

Kushanda kweQuattro system kunobva pakugovera kwakanyanya kwemasimba panguva yekutsvedza kwevhiri. Iyo yemagetsi inoverenga kuverenga kwema sensors e-anti-lock braking system uye inoenzanisa kumhanya kweangular kwemavhiri ese. Kana rimwe remavhiri rakadarika muganhu wakakosha, rinobhureki. Panguva imwecheteyo, kukiya kwekusiyanisa kunoitwa, uye torque inogoverwa muchikamu chakakodzera kune vhiri nekubata kwakanyanya.

Electronics inogovera simba maererano neyakasimbiswa algorithm. Iyo algorithm yekushanda, yakagadzirwa semhedzisiro yekusaverengeka bvunzo uye kuongororwa kwemaitiro emotokari mumamiriro akasiyana ekutyaira uye nzvimbo dzemumigwagwa, inova nechokwadi chekuchengetedza kwakanyanya. Izvi zvinoita kuti kutyaira kuve kufanotaurwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.

Kubudirira kweiyo interlocks inoshandiswa uye yemagetsi control system inobvumira mota dzeAudi dzine mavhiri ese kuti dzifambe pasina kutsvedza pamhando ipi neipi yemugwagwa. Ichi chivakwa chinopa yakanakisa simba zvivakwa uye kuyambuka-nyika kutyaira kugona.

Плюсы

• Excellent kugadzikana uye dynamics.
• Kubata kwakanaka uye maneuverability.
• Kuvimbika kwakakwirira.

Минусы

• Kuwedzera kwemafuta.
• Zvakaoma zvinodiwa zvemitemo uye mamiriro ekushanda.
• Mutengo wepamusoro wekugadzirisa kana kukanganisa kwechinhu.

Quattro ndiyo yekupedzisira yakangwara ese-mavhiri dhiraivha sisitimu, yakaratidzwa nekufamba kwenguva uye mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma erally racing. Zvichangobva kuitika uye zvigadziriso zvakanakisa zvakavandudza mashandiro ehurongwa hwemakumi emakore. Hunhu hwakanakisa hwekutyaira hweAudi all-wheel drive mota dzakaratidza izvi mukuita kweanopfuura makore makumi matatu.