Kuparara kwejenareta - zviratidzo, diagnostics, zvikonzero, kuedza
Zviri mukati
Kuputsika mumidziyo yemagetsi yemotokari kwakajairika uye kunotora imwe yenzvimbo dzinotungamira mune runyorwa rwekuputsika. Vanogona kukamurwa zvakakamurwa kuita kuparara kwezviwanikwa zvazvino (mabhatiri, jenareta) uye kuparara kwevatengi (optics, ignition, mamiriro ekunze, nezvimwewo). Main Makosi emagetsi emotokari mabhatiri nemaalternator.. kuparara kweumwe neumwe wavo kunotungamirira kukuparara kwemotokari uye kushanda kwayo nenzira dzisina kujairika, kana kunyange kune immobilization yemotokari.
Mumidziyo yemagetsi yemotokari, bhatiri uye alternator inoshanda mukusaputsika tandem. Kana imwe ikakundikana, pashure penguva yakati imwe inokundikana. Semuenzaniso, bhatiri rakaputsika rinotungamirira kukuwedzera kwekuchaja ikozvino kwejenereta. Uye izvi zvinosanganisira kuparara kweiyo rectifier (diode bhiriji). Zvakare, kana pakaitika kuputsika kweiyo voltage regulator inouya kubva kujenareta, iko kuchaja kunogona kuwedzera, izvo zvinozotungamira mukurongeka kwakarongeka kwebhatiri, "kubikira kure" kwe electrolyte, kukurumidza kuparadzwa kweplate uye. kukundikana kwebhatiri.
Common generator kukanganisa:
- kupfeka kana kukuvadza kune pulley;
- kupfeka kwezvino-kuunganidza mabhurashi;
- muunganidzi kupfeka (slip zvindori);
- kukanganisa kune voltage regulator;
- kuvharwa kwekutendeuka kwe stator winding;
- kupfeka kana kuparadzwa kwebhegi;
- kukuvadza kune rectifier (diode bhiriji);
- kukuvadzwa kwekuchajisa waya dzedunhu.
Zvakajairwa kutadza kwebhatiri:
- pfupi pfupi yebhatiri electrodes / mahwendefa;
- kukuvara kwemagetsi kana makemikari kune mahwendefa ebheteri;
- kutyorwa kwekuoma kwebhatiri makani - kuputika mubhatiri kesi nekuda kwekukanganisa kana kuiswa kwakashata;
- Kemikari oxidation yemabhatiri terminals Zvikonzero zvikuru zvekutadza kushanda uku ndezvi:
- kutyorwa kwakanyanya kwemitemo yekushanda;
- kupera kwehupenyu hwebasa rechigadzirwa;
- kukanganisa kwakasiyana-siyana kwekugadzira.
Inobatsira zvikuru kuti mutyairi azive zvikonzero zvikuru zvekusashanda kwejenareta, nzira dzekudzibvisa, pamwe chete nemaitiro ekudzivirira kudzivirira kuparara.
Majenareta ese akakamurwa kuita jenareta variable и постоянного тока. Mota dzemazuvano dzinotakura vanhu dzakashongedzerwa nemaalternator ane akavakirwa-mukati diode zambuko (rectifier). Iyo yekupedzisira inofanirwa kushandura ikozvino kuve yakananga ikozvino, iyo iyo mota yemagetsi vatengi vanoshanda. Iyo inogadziridza inowanzowanikwa mubutiro kana imba yejenareta uye ndiyo imwe neyekupedzisira.
Yese midziyo yemagetsi yemotokari yakagadzirirwa kunyatsotsanangurwa huwandu hwekushanda kwemhepo nevoltage. kazhinji, magetsi ekushanda ari muhuwandu hwe13,8-14,8 V. Nekuda kwekuti jenareta "yakasungirirwa" nebhanhire kune crankshaft yejini inopisa mukati, kubva kune zvakasiyana-siyana kuchinja uye kumhanya kwemotokari, ichashanda zvakasiyana. Iyo ndeyekutsvedza uye kugadzirisa iyo inobuda ikozvino iyo relay-voltage regulator inotarirwa, iyo inotamba basa rekusimudzira uye inodzivirira ese masurges uye dips mumagetsi anoshanda. Majenareta emazuva ano akashongedzerwa neakavakirwa-mukati-akasanganiswa voltage regulators, colloquially inonzi "chokoreti" kana "piritsi".
Izvo zvatova pachena kuti chero jenareta inhengo yakaoma, yakakosha kune chero mota.
Mhando dzezvikanganiso zve generator
Nekuda kwekuti chero jenareta ndeye electromechanical mudziyo, pachava nemhando mbiri dzekusashanda zvakanaka, zvichiteerana - michina и zvemagetsi.
Izvo zvekare zvinosanganisira kuparadzwa kwezvisungo, dzimba, kuvhiringidzwa kwemabhengi, kusungirira zvitubu, bhanhire dhiraivha, uye zvimwe zvinokanganisa zvisingaenderane nechikamu chemagetsi.
Kukanganisa kwemagetsi kunosanganisira kuputsika mumhepo, kuputsika kwebhiriji diode, kupera simba / kupera kwemabhurashi, kutenderedza mapfupi maseketi, kuputsika, rotor beats, kuputsika kweiyo relay-regulator.
Kazhinji, zviratidzo zvinoratidza unhu husina kunaka jenareta zvinogonawo kuonekwa semugumisiro wezvinetso zvakasiyana zvachose. Semuenzaniso, kusangana kwakashata mune fuse socket ye generator excitation circuit icharatidza kuparara kwejenereta. Kufungira kumwe chete kunogona kumuka nekuda kwekutsva kwekubatikana mumoto wekuvhara imba. Zvakare, kutsva kunogara kuchitsva kwejenareta kutadza chiratidzo mwenje kunogona kukonzerwa nekutadza kwerelay, kupenya kwemwenje uyu wekuchinja kunogona kuratidza kutadza kwejenereta.
Zviratidzo zvikuru zvekuputsika kweiyo oscillator:
- Kana injini yekupisa yemukati iri kushanda, bhatiri rinoburitsa chiratidzo mwenje unopenya (kana kuvheneka nguva dzose).
- Kubuda nekukasira kana kuzadzazve (kufashaira) kwebhatiri.
- Chiedza chisina kujeka chemwenje wemberi, kurira kana runyararo chiratidzo chekurira kana injini iri kushanda.
- Shanduko yakakosha mukupenya kwemwenje wemusoro nekuwedzera kwenhamba yekuchinja. Izvi zvinogona kubvumirwa nekuwedzera kwekukurumidza (kugadzirisa zvakare) kubva kune zvisina basa, asi zviedza zvemusoro, zvakavhenekera zvakajeka, hazvifaniri kuwedzera kupenya kwavo mberi, zvichiramba zviri pamwero wakafanana.
- Manzwi ekuwedzera (kuchema, kushinyira) kubva mujenareta.
kushushikana uye mamiriro ese ebhandi rekutyaira anofanirwa kugara achitariswa. Kutsemuka uye delaminations zvinoda kuchinjwa nekukurumidza.
Jenereta kugadzirisa kits
Kuti ubvise kuparara kwakaratidzwa kwejenereta, zvichave zvakakosha kuita kugadzirisa. Kutanga kutsvaga kit yekugadzira jenareta paInternet, unofanirwa kugadzirira kuodzwa mwoyo - makiti anopihwa anowanzo ane washer, mabhaudhi uye nzungu. Uye dzimwe nguva unogona kudzorera jenareta kune simba rekushanda chete nekutsiva - mabhurashi, diode bhiriji, regulator ... Naizvozvo, murume akashinga anosarudza kugadzirisa anoita munhu kugadzirisa kit kubva kune izvo zvikamu zvinokwana jenareta yake. Inotaridzika senge tafura iri pazasi, uchishandisa muenzaniso wemajenareta eVAZ 2110 uye Ford Focus 2.
| Jenareta KZATE 9402.3701-03 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Detail | Catalog nhamba | Mutengo, rub.) |
| Brushes | 1127014022 | 105 |
| Voltage inodzora | 844.3702 | 580 |
| Diode zambuko | BVO4-105-01 | 500 |
| Mabheyaringi | 6303 uye 6203 | 345 |
| Jenareta Bosch 0 986 041 850 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Detail | Catalog nhamba | Mutengo, rub.) |
| Brushes | 140371 | 30 |
| brashi inobata | 235607 | 245 |
| Voltage inodzora | IN6601 | 1020 |
| Diode zambuko | INR431 | 1400 |
| Mabheyaringi | 140084 uye 140093 | 140 / 200 rubles |
Dambudziko rekugadzirisa
Pamotokari dzemazuva ano, kushandiswa kwe "chinyakare" nzira yekuongorora nekudonhedza bhatiri kubva pabheteri terminal inogonawo kutungamirira kukuvadza kwakakomba kune akawanda emagetsi emotokari. Akakosha madonhwe emagetsi pamotokari pa-board network anogona kudzima anenge ese ari pa-board zvemagetsi. Ndokusaka majenereta emazuva ano achigara achitariswa chete nekuyera voltage mune network kana kuongorora iyo yakanyanya kubviswa node pane yakakosha kumira. Kutanga, mhepo pamagetsi ebheteri inoyerwa, injini inopisa mukati inotangwa uye kuverenga kunotorwa kare neinjini iri kushanda. Usati watanga, magetsi anofanira kunge ari 12 V, mushure mekutanga - kubva 13,8 kusvika 14,8 V. Kutsauka kwepamusoro kunoratidza kuti pane "recharge", iyo inoreva kuparara kwe-relay-regulator, kusvika kune duku - kuti hapana ikozvino. iri kuyerera. Kusavapo kwekuchaja ikozvino kunoratidza kuparara kwejenereta kana ngetani.
Zvinokonzera kuparara
Zvakajairika zvikonzero zve generator malfunctions Kungosara kubvaruka nekuora. Anenge ese machanika kutadza, angave akapfekwa mabhurashi kana akadonha mabhengi, ndiwo mhedzisiro yekushanda kwenguva refu. Majenareta emazuva ano ane akavharwa (yekuchengetedza-yemahara) mabheji, ayo anongoda kutsiviwa mushure meimwe nguva kana mileage yemotokari. Izvo zvinoshandawo kune chikamu chemagetsi - kazhinji zvikamu zvinofanira kuchinjwa zvachose.
zvikonzero zvakare zvinogona kuva:
- yakaderera mhando yezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira;
- kutyorwa kwemitemo yekushanda kana kushanda kunze kwemiganhu yemaitiro akajairika;
- zvikonzero zvekunze (munyu, zvinwiwa, kupisa kwakanyanya, makemikari emumugwagwa, tsvina).
Self test jenareta
Nzira iri nyore ndeyekutarisa fuse. Kana ichishanda, jenareta nenzvimbo yaro zvinoongororwa. Kutenderera kwemahara kwe rotor kunotariswa, kuvimbika kwebhanhire, waya, imba. Kana pasina chakasimudza fungidziro, mabhurashi uye slip zvindori zvinotariswa. Panguva yekushanda, mabhurashi anosakara, anogona kujamu, kuchinjika, uye mitsetse inotsvedza inovharika neguruva regraphite. Chiratidzo chakajeka cheizvi ndechekunyanya kupisa.
Kune kazhinji zviitiko zvekupfeka zvakakwana kana kuputsika kweese mabhengi uye kutadza kwe stator.
Dambudziko rinonyanya kuitika mujenareta ndere kutakura kupfeka. Chiratidzo chekuputsika uku kuchema kana muridzo panguva yekushanda kwechikwata. Ehe, mabearings anofanirwa kutsiviwa nekukasira kana kuedza kuvakwazve nekuchenesa nekuzora. Bhandi rakasununguka rinogona kuita kuti alternator iite zvisina kunaka. Chimwe chezviratidzo chinogona kunge chiri ruzha rwepamusoro-soro kubva pasi pehood apo motokari iri kukurumidza kana kukurumidza.
Kuti utarise mafambiro emhepo ye rotor yenguva pfupi-yakatenderedzwa kutendeuka kana kuputika, iwe unofanirwa kubatanidza multimeter yakachinjirwa kune yekupikisa kuyerwa maitiro kune ese ari maviri anotsvedza zvindori zvejenareta. Kuramba kwakajairika kunobva ku1,8 kusvika ku5 ohms. Kuverenga pazasi kunoratidza kuvepo kwedunhu pfupi mukutendeuka; pamusoro - kuputsa kwakananga mumhepo.
Kuti utarise iyo stator mhepo ye "kuputsika kusvika pasi", ivo vanofanirwa kubviswa kubva kune rectifier unit. Nekuverengerwa kwekupokana kunopiwa neiyo multimeter ine hukuru husingaverengeki kukosha, hapana mubvunzo kuti stator windings haisi kusangana neimba ("pasi").
A multimeter inoshandiswa kuyedza diode mune rectifier unit (mushure mekubvisa zvachose kubva kune stator windings). Nzira yekuedza ndeye "diode test". Iyo yakanaka probe yakabatana nekuwedzera kana minus yeinogadzirisa, uye iyo isina kunaka probe yakabatana nechikamu chinobuda. Mushure maizvozvi, probes inopindirana. Kana panguva imwechete kuverenga kwe multimeter kwakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune yapfuura, diode iri kushanda, kana isina kusiyana, yakashata. zvakare chiratidzo chimwe chinoratidza "kufa" kuri pedyo kweiyo diode bhiriji rejenareta ndeye oxidation yevanobatika, uye chikonzero cheizvi kupisa kweradiator.
Kugadzirisa uye Kugadzirisa Matambudziko
zvose matambudziko emuchina anobviswa nekutsiva zvisizvo zvikamu uye zvikamu (mabhurashi, bhandi, mabhengi, nezvimwewo) kune zvitsva kana zvinoshandirwa. Pamhando dzekare dzejenareta, zvindori zvinotsvedza zvinowanzodikanwa kuti zvigadziriswe. Mabhandi ekutyaira anotsiviwa nekuda kwekupfeka, kutambanudza zvakanyanya kana kupera kwehupenyu hwavo hwesevhisi. Yakakuvadzwa rotor kana stator windings, ivo vari kutsiviwa nemitsva segungano. Kudzorera shure, kunyange zvazvo kunowanikwa pakati pemabasa ekugadzirisa motokari, zvishoma uye zvishoma - inodhura uye haigoneki.
Uye ndizvo chete matambudziko emagetsi nejenareta sarudza nekutarisasevamwe circuit elements (kureva, bhatiri), saka uye chaizvo mashoko ayo uye kubuda kwemagetsi. Imwe yematambudziko anowanzosangana nevaridzi vemotokari ndeye overcharge, kana zvakasiyana, jenareta yakaderera voltage. Kutarisa uye kutsiva voltage regulator kana diode bhiriji kuchabatsira kubvisa kuparara kwekutanga, uye zvichava zvishoma zvakaoma kubata nekuburitswa kweyakaderera voltage. Panogona kuva nezvikonzero zvakawanda nei jenareta ichigadzira yakaderera voltage:
- kuwedzera mutoro pane onboard network nevatengi;
- kuparara kweimwe diode pane diode bhiriji;
- kukundikana kwemutongi wemagetsi;
- V-ribbed bhandi kutsvedza (nekuda kwekuderera kwekunetseka)
- urombo pasi waya kuonana pamusoro jenareta;
- short circuit;
- bhatiri rakasimwa.
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