Kutevera mukaka uye mukaka wejunior - ndeipi fomula yekusarudza mushure mekuyamwisa?

Panozosvika mwana wako ane mwedzi mitanhatu yokukura, mukaka, uchiri tsigiro huru yezvokudya zvake, zvishoma nezvishoma unorega kuva zvokudya zvake bedzi. Uye nepo mukaka wezamu uchiri sarudzo yakanyanya kunaka, dzimwe nguva unofanirwa kushandisa mukaka padivi pawo. Ichange yakasiyana zvishoma nemukaka wepakutanga nokuti zvinodiwa nemwana zvinoshanduka. Kubva rinhi ndingapa mukaka unotevera? Nzira yekuvasuma sei mukudya? Chii chinonzi "junior" mukaka uye nguva yekusarudza?

dr n. farm. Maria Kaspshak

Kutevera mukaka - mushure mekutanga mukaka kana kuyamwisa

Kunyange zvazvo kuyamwisa kuchipa mwana betsero hurusa dzoutano uye kunofanira kupfuurira kwenguva refu sezvinobvira (rinenge kusvika kugore, kana kuti kunyange kumakore 2-3), zvinoitika zvoupenyu zvinowanzomanikidzira amai kurega kuyamwisa kwokutanga. Dzimwe nguva kuyamwisa hakugoneki zvachose, saka mwana wako anopihwa mukaka wemucheche kubva pakuzvarwa. Zvisinei nemadyirwo akaitwa kare, kana amai vakafunga kuunza mukaka wakagadziridzwa mukudya kwemwana mushure memwedzi wechitanhatu wehupenyu, inofanira kunge iri iyo inonzi "Follow-up formula", inozivikanwawo se "follow-up formula", yakanyorwa. pahomwe ine nhamba 2. Mukaka wekutevera wakasiyana zvishoma nemukaka wepakutanga. Kazhinji ine mapuroteni akawanda, iron uye vhitamini D, uye kudya kunovaka muviri kunogadzirwa maererano nezvinodiwa nemwana mukuru zvishoma. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti mukaka unotevera haugoni kuva chikafu chega chemwana - panguva ino, kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwekudya nekutanga kwekuwedzera kwezvokudya kunotanga.

Nzira yekuzivisa sei mukaka unotevera mukudya kwemwana?

Chero shanduko mukudya kwemucheche kana mwana muduku inofanira kuitwa zvishoma nezvishoma, mumatanho maduku. Nekudaro, isu tinopa dumbu nguva yekujaira shanduko. Kana mukaka unotevera ukatangwa mushure mekuyamwisa, unogona kuderedza zvishoma nezvishoma nhamba yekudya uye kutsiva chikamu chemukaka waamai neanotevera - yekutanga, ipapo maviri, nezvimwewo zveamai nemwana. Zvakanakisisa kuonana nachiremba, nyamukuta kana murayiridzi wekuyamwisa uyo anoziva amai nemwana. Nyanzvi ichakubatsira kuronga shanduko iyi uye inokurudzira rudzi rwemukaka kune unotevera unonyatsoenderana nezvinodiwa nemwana wako ega.

Shanduko kubva pamukaka wemwana kuenda kumukaka unotevera unofanirwawo kuitwa zvishoma nezvishoma, uchinyatso cherechedza maitiro emwana. Pano unogona kushandisa "chikamu nechikamu" nzira, i.e. tanga wapa mwana chikamu chemukaka kune chinotevera, uye pane dzimwe kudya upe mukaka wepakutanga, mushure mechinguva shandura zvikamu zviviri, zvino zvitatu, zvichingodaro, kusvikira pakupedzisira zvaendeswa kune mukaka unotevera.

Imwe nzira ndeye "chiyero chechiyero". Inogona kushandiswa kunyanya kana iwe uchishandura kune mukaka unotevera kubva kumugadziri mumwe chete anoshandisa scoops imwechete uye nzira yekugadzirira yekugadzirira kwayo inogadziriswa. Kana (semuenzaniso) uri kushandisa zvipunu zvitatu zvehupfu pakupera kwemukaka, unogona kutanga wapa zvipunu zviviri zvemukaka wakare nechipunu chimwe chemukaka mutsva. Zvadaro, kana zvinhu zvose zvakarongeka, unogona kuwedzera zvipunu zviviri zvemukaka unotevera uye chipunu chimwe chemukaka wepakutanga. Nhanho inotevera ndeyokushandisa chete mukaka unotevera. Kana mwana wako akanwa zvakanyanya uye akashandisa scoops yakawanda yehupfu, maitiro achabatanidza mamwe matanho. Pano, zvakare, zviri nani kubvunza nyanzvi inotarisira mwana uyu kuitira kuti ibatsire kugadzira hurongwa hwakadzama hwekuchinja kwakadaro.

Junior mukaka wevana vanopfuura gore rimwe chete.

Mukaka wekutevera unowanzopiwa kuvana vane utano hwakanaka kusvika gore. Mwana ane gore rimwe chete, netsanangudzo yepamutemo, anorega kuva "mucheche" uye ari weboka re "vana vaduku", i.e. vana vane makore 13-36 mwedzi (makore 1-3). Zvokudya zvemwana akadaro zvinowanzosiyana zvakasiyana, asi achiri kuda mukaka. Mukuru mwana, mukaka waanoda zvishoma uye zvimwe zvekudya zvakawanda. Zvisinei, kunyange vacheche vanopfuura gore rimwe chete zera vanokurudzirwa kuyamwisa mukuwedzera kune kumwe kudya. Mukaka waamai unogara wakagadzirwa maererano nezvinodiwa nemwana uye unobatsirawo kumudzivirira pazvirwere.

Nekudaro, vazhinji vane gore rimwe chete muPoland havachayamwisa uye vanogona kupihwa zvigadzirwa zvemukaka mumhando yemukaka wevacheche wakagadziridzwa (mukaka mucheche formula). Kugadzirwa kwayo hakuchina kudzorwa zvakanyanya sekugadzirwa kwemukaka wemwana. Mukaka weJunior zvigadzirwa zvakanyorwa nenhamba 3 (yevana vane mwedzi 12-24), 4 (yevane makore maviri), uye vamwe vanogadzira vanotogadzira mukaka 5 (wevana vanopfuura makore 2,5). Mukaka mutsva wejunior unofanirwa kuiswawo zvishoma nezvishoma mukudya kwemwana, kunyanya kana iri fomu yekutanga mushure mokuyamwisa kana kuchinja mazita.

Zvakakodzera kuyeuka kuti kana mwana ane utano uye asina allergies, ipapo kana mwana asvika zera, unogona zvishoma nezvishoma kumurega aedze nguva dzose mukaka uye sour-mukaka zvigadzirwa. Kana mwana wako achikwanisa kuzvishivirira, iwe unogona kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma huwandu hwemukaka mukudya kwake. Zvakadaro, mukaka wemufomu wevacheche unofanirwa kupihwa kuvana vadiki sezvo wakasimbiswa nesimbi, vhitamini D uye yakakosha mafuta acids. Izvi zvinosanganisa zvakakosha pakukura kwevana vadiki uye zvinogona kunge zvisina kukwana mukudya kwakajairika.

Kunwa mukaka - ko łaciate junior yakagadzirwa sei nekadhibhodhi yakasiyana nemukaka wenguva dzose?

Muzvitoro zvegirosari, unogona kuwana mhando dzemukaka dzakakurumbira mumapepa ane mavara, akanyorwa kuti "junior" uye akashambadzirwa seanogadzirirwa vana - avo vakura zvishoma, hongu, vasingachadi kugamuchira mukaka wakagadziridzwa. Uyu "mukaka wechidiki" hauna chokuita nemusanganiswa wemukaka, unongova mukaka wakazara wemhou. Tikatarisa tafura yeruzivo rwezvekudya pasuru iyi, tinoona kuti mukaka uyu unosiyana nemukaka wenguva dzose chete nemafuta akawanda anosvika 3,8%, zvichienzaniswa nemukaka unowanzo tengeswa, 3,2% kana 2%. Vagadziri vanoti mukaka une mafuta akawanda unovaka muviri kumwana. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti ine macalorie akawanda uye zviri mukati-mafuta-anonyungudika mavhitamini anogona kuenzana akakwira kupfuura mumukaka weskim. Mukaka wakazara-mafuta unogona kuravira zviri nani, sezvo mafuta ari mutakuri wezvinonhuhwira. Mukuita, zvisinei, izvi hazvina basa zvakanyanya, sezvo vana vechikoro uye vezera rechikoro vanowanzodya zvakasiyana siyana zvekudya, kusanganisira bota nemamwe mafuta. Saka zvinoita sezvisingakoshi kana mwana akanwa sadza remangwanani rine mafuta akazara kana kuti skim mukaka. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti kudya kwemwana wezera rose, sekudya kwemunhu mukuru, kunofanirwa kuve kwakasiyana uye kuumbwa nenzira yekumupa zvese zvinongedzo zvinodiwa panguva ino yekukura.

Mabhuku

1. “Children’s Nutrition Guide. Nhanho nhanho kubva pakuzvarwa kusvika pakuzvarwa kwekutanga.
2. Hoysack I., Bronski J., Campoy S., Domelleuf M., Embleton N., Fiedler Mies N., Hulst J., Indrio F., Lapillonne A., Molgaard S., Vora R., Feutrell M.; ESPGHAN Komiti Yezvokudya. Formula yeVana Vadiki: Position Pepa re ESPGHAN Komiti yeKudya Kwekudya. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018 Ndira; 66(1): 177-185. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001821. PMID: 29095351.
3. COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2006/141/EC ya22 Zvita 2006 pafomula yevacheche uye chikafu chinowedzerwa uye kugadzirisa Directive 1999/21/EC (Magwaro anoenderana neEEA) (OJ L 401, 30.12.2006, p. 1)

Mukaka waamai ndiyo nzira yakanaka yekudyisa vana. Mukaka wakagadziridzwa unowedzera kudya kwevana avo, nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, havagoni kuyamwisa.