Yedza dhiraivha kuratidzwa kweiyo shanduko mota paInfiniti - VC-Turbo

Разговор с водещите специалисти на Infiniti и Renault-Nissan — Шиничи Кага и Ален Рапосто

Alain Raposto anotaridza chivimbo. Mutevedzeri wemutungamiriri weRenault-Nissan mubatanidzwa, anoona nezvekuvandudza injini, ane zvikonzero zvekuita izvi. Pedyo nehoro iyo yatiri kutaura ndiyo sitendi yeInfiniti, inofambiswa yemhando yepamusoro yeNissan, iyo nhasi inopa yekutanga injini yekugadzira VC-Turbo ine kusiana kwekumanikidza. Simba rakafanana rinoyerera kubva kune waanoshanda naye Shinichi Kiga, mukuru wedhipatimendi reinjini yeInfiniti.

Kubudirira kunoitwa nevagadziri veInfiti kunonyanya kukura. Kugadzirwa kweiyo injini yepeturu ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwekumanikidza inyanzvi yehunyanzvi, iyo, kunyangwe paine kuyedza kwakawanda, isina kupihwa chero munhu kusvika parizvino. Kuti unzwisise zvinorehwa nechinhu chakadai, zvakanaka kuti uverenge edu akateedzana "Chii chinoitika muinjini yemota", iyo inotsanangura mafambiro ekupisa muinjini yepeturu. Pano isu tichataura, zvisinei, kuti kubva pane iyo Thermodynamic poindi yekuona, iyo yakakwira iyo compression ratio, iyo inoshanda zvakanyanya injini iri - yakanyatsoiswa, saka izvo zvikamu zvemafuta neoksijeni kubva mumhepo zviri padyo zvakanyanya uye kemikari Kuita kwakanyanyisa kukwana, mukuwedzera, kupisa kwacho hakuparadzwe kunze, asi kunopedzwa nezvimedu zvacho.

Iyo yakakwira degree rekumanikidza ndeimwe yemakomborero makuru edhiziri injini pamusoro peturu imwe. Iyo bhureki pane yekupedzisira ndiyo yekudzidzira chiitiko, inonyatsotsanangurwa mune akateedzana ezvinyorwa zviri mubvunzo. Pamitoro yepamusoro, zvichiteerana vharuvhu inopamhama (senge pakukurumidza kumhanyisa), huwandu hwemafuta emhepo anopinda musilinda yega yega akakura. Izvi zvinoreva kumanikidza kwakakwira uye epakati avhareji tembiricha yekushanda. Iyo yekupedzisira, zvakare, inokonzeresa kumanikidza kwakasimba kwemafuta-emhepo musanganiswa masara kubva kumoto wemoto kumberi, kwakanyanya kuumbwa kweperoxides uye hydroxerxes mukusara uye kutanga kwekuputika kwemoto muinjini, iyo inowanzo kumhanya zvakanyanya. , mhete yesimbi uye kumwaya chaiko kwesimba rinogadzirwa nemusanganiswa wakasara.

Kuderedza tsika iyi pamitoro mizhinji (ehe, iyo tsika yekudzikisira inoenderana nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaita senge tembiricha yekunze, inotonhorera uye tembiricha yemafuta, kudzivirirwa kwemafuta, nezvimwewo) vagadziri vanomanikidzwa kudzikisa mwero wekumanikidza. Naizvozvi, zvakadaro, ivo vanorasikirwa maererano neinjini kushanda. Zvese zviri pamusoro ndezvechokwadi zvakanyanya pamberi pe turbocharging, sezvo mweya, kunyangwe uchitonhodzwa neiyo inotonhorera, ichiri kupinda pre-yakadzvanywa mumasirinda. Izvi zvinoreva zvakare mafuta akawanda uye nepamusorosoro tsika yekutswanya. Mushure mekuunzwa kwakawanda kweinjini dzinodzikisira turbocharged, dambudziko iri rakazonyanya kuoneka. Naizvozvo, ivo vagadziri vanotaura nezve "geometric compression ratio", iyo yakatarwa neinjini dhizaini uye "chaiye" kana pre-compression factor ichitariswa. Naizvozvo, kunyangwe mune enguva dzemazuva ano turbo injini ine yakananga mafuta jekiseni, iyo inoita basa rakakosha mukutonhorera kwemukati kwekamuri yemoto uye kudzikisira tembiricha yepakati yemabatiro emoto, zvichiteerana neyakajairika tsika yekudzikisira, chiyero chekumanikidza hachiwanzo pfuura 10,5: 1.

Asi chii chingaitika kana iyo geometric degree yekumanikidza ikashanduka mukuita kwebasa. Kuve wakakwira mune yakaderera uye yakasarudzika mitoro modhi, kusvika kune yekufungidzira yakanyanya uye kudzikiswa pakakwirira turbocharging kumanikidza uye kwakanyanya kumanikidza uye tembiricha mumasirinda ekudzivirira kudonhedza. Izvi zvinobvumidza zvese zviri zviviri mukana wekuwedzera simba ne turbocharging ine yakanyanya kumanikidza uye kushanda kwakanyanya, zvichiteerana kudzikisa mafuta.

Pano, mushure memakore makumi maviri ekushanda, injini yeInfiniti inoratidza kuti izvi zvinogoneka. Sekureva kwaRaposto, basa iro zvikwata zvakaisa mukugadzira raive rakakura uye mhedzisiro yekutambudzwa kwetantalum. Mhando dzakasiyana dzakayedzwa maererano neinjini yekuvaka, kusvika makore matanhatu apfuura izvi zvakazosvitswa uye kunyatso gadziridzwa kwakatanga. Iyo sisitimu inobvumidza inesimba, isina nhanho kugadzirisa yeiyo compression ratio mune yakatangira kubva 20: 6 kusvika 8: 1.

Kuvakwa kwacho kune hunyanzvi: Iyo tsvimbo yekubatanidza yeimwe nesirinda haifambise kufamba kwayo yakanangana nemitsipa yekubatanidza mitsipa yecrankshaft, asi kune imwe kona yekona yakakosha yepakati yekubatanidza ine buri pakati. Chidimbu chinoiswa pamutsipa wekubatanidza mutsipa (uri mukuvhurwa kwawo) uye kugamuchira simba redanda rekubatanidza kune rimwe mugumo kunoiendesa kumutsipa sezvo chikamu chacho chisiri kutenderera, asi chichiita kufamba kunonakidza. Kune rimwe divi reyuniti iri kubvunzwa ndeye lever system iyo inoshanda senge rudzi rwekutsigira. Iyo lever system inotenderedza iyo unit ichiteedzana neayo axis, nekudaro ichiendesa nzvimbo yekubatanidza yeiyo yekubatanidza tsvimbo kune rimwe divi. Iko kufambisa kufamba kwechikamu chepakati kwakachengetedzwa, asi axis yayo inotenderera uye nekudaro inosarudza dzakasiyana nzvimbo dzekutanga uye dzekupedzisira dzedanda rekubatanidza, zvichiteerana nepiston uye neshanduko inoshanduka padanho rekumanikidza zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.

Iwe uchazoti - asi izvi zvinomomesa injini, zvinounza nzira nyowani dzekufambisa musystem, uye izvi zvese zvinotungamira mukuwedzera kukakavara uye masasi enert. Hongu, pakutanga kuona ndizvozvo, asi neinjini mashini VC-Turbo pane zvimwe zvinonakidza zviitiko Iwo ekuwedzera mayuniti erumwe neumwe tsvimbo yekubatanidza, inodzorwa neyakajairika mashini, zvakanyanya kuenzanisa masimba echipiri kurongeka, kuitira kuti kunyangwe paine maviri-litita kufambiswa, iyo ina-humburumbira injini haidi kuenzanisa shafts. Uye zvakare, sezvo tsvimbo yekubatanidza isingaite iyo yakajairika kufamba kwekutenderera, asi ichiendesa simba repistoni kune kumwe kwekumusoro kwepakati, iri diki uye rakareruka (izvi zvinoenderana neyakaomarara masimba eanopfuudzwa kuburikidza nesystem iri mubvunzo). ) uye - zvakanyanya kukosha - ine sitiroko yekutsauka muchikamu chayo chepazasi cheiyo chete 17 mm. Nguva yekukwesana kukuru inodzivirirwa, neinjini dzakajairika, zvinowanzoitika panguva yekutanga pistoni kubva kumusoro kwakafa nzvimbo, apo tsvimbo yekubatanidza inodzvanya pane crankshaft axis uye kurasikirwa kuri kwakanyanya.

Nekudaro, sekureva kwaMbuya .Raposto naKiga, zvikanganiso zvinonyanya kubviswa. Nekudaro mabhenefiti ekushandura zvine simba chiyero chekumanikidza, icho chinovakirwa pane pre-set yakatarwa pabhenji uye bvunzo dzemumigwagwa (zviuru zvemaawa) mapurogiramu esoftware pasina kukosha kwekuyera munguva chaiyo zviri kuitika muinjini. Anopfuura mazana matatu patent nyowani akabatanidzwa mumuchina. Iyo avant-garde hunhu hweyekupedzisira zvakare inosanganisira hunyambiri mafuta ojekiseni system ine injekisheni yekujekesa jekiseni re humburumbira, rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kutanga kutonhora uye mizinga yepamusoro, uye injekisheni muzvikamu zvekudya zvinopa mamiriro ari nani ekushandurwa kwemafuta uye zvidiki kushandiswa kwesimba pamutoro wakasarudzika. Saka iyo yakaoma jekiseni system inopa yakanakisa yepasirese nyika. Ehezve, injini inodawo yakaomesesa lubrication system, sezvo nzira dzakatsanangurwa pamusoro dzine hunyanzvi hwekumesa lubrication chiteshi, inoenderana nematanho makuru mu crankshaft.

Mhedzisiro yeizvi mukuita ndeyekuti mana-humburumbira peturu injini injini ine 272 hp. uye 390 Nm yedhorobha ichadya 27% mafuta mashoma pane epfuura injini yematanhatu-humburumbira ine pedyo nesimba iri.

Chinyorwa: Georgi Kolev, nhume yakakosha yemota mota und mutambo Bulgaria muParis