Kushandiswa kwe urea mune dizeli injini
Zviri mukati
Mitemo yemazuva ano yezvakatipoteredza inoisa miganhu yakasimba pane emission values yezvinosvibisa mumagasi emhepo einjini yedhiziri. Izvi zvinomanikidza mainjiniya kutsvaga mhinduro nyowani dzekuzadzisa zviyero. Imwe yeiyi yaive kushandiswa kweurea yemafuta edhiziri muSCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) exhaust aftertreatment system. Daimler injini dzinoshandisa tekinoroji iyi dzinonzi Bluetec.
Chii chinonzi SCR system
Iyo Euro 6 yezvakatipoteredza protocol yanga ichishanda munyika makumi maviri nesere dzeEU kubvira 28. Pasi pechiyero chitsva, vagadziri vemotokari dzedhiziri vane zvinodikanwa zvakanyanya nekuti injini dzedhiziri dzinokonzera kukuvadza kwakakura kunharaunda uye hutano hwevanhu, ichiburitsa soot uye nitrogen oxide mumhepo.
Nepo kushandiswa kwenzira nhatu-catalytic converter yakakwana kuchenesa magasi emhepo einjini yepeturu, chigadziriso chakanyanya kuomarara chekugadzirisa makemikari ane muchetura mumagasi ekuburitsa anodiwa kune injini yedhiziri. Kubudirira kwekuchenesa CO (carbon monoxide), CH (hydrocarbons) uye soot particles kubva kudhiziri injini yekupedza magasi inowedzera pakupisa kwakanyanya, nepo NOx, pane zvinopesana, inoderera. Mhinduro yedambudziko iri kwaive kuiswa kweSCR catalyst mu exhaust system, iyo inoshandisa dhiziri urea sehwaro hwekuparara kwechepfu yenitrogen oxide (NOx).
Kuti vaderedze kubuda kunokuvadza, mainjiniya akagadzira yakakosha dhiziri yekuchenesa system - Bluetec. Iyo yakaoma ine matatu akazara masisitimu, imwe neimwe inosefa zvinhu zvine chepfu uye inopwanya zvinokuvadza makemikari makomisheni:
- Catalyst - inoderedza CO uye CH.
- Particulate sefa - misungo soot zvimedu.
- SCR catalytic converter - Inoderedza NOx emissions ne urea.
Yekutanga yekuchenesa sisitimu yakashandiswa pamarori nemota dzeMercedes-Benz. Nhasi, vagadziri vazhinji vari kushandura mota dzavo kune itsva yekuchenesa sisitimu uye kushandisa urea mumainjini edhiziri kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekudzora nharaunda.
Technical urea AdBlue
Chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chemammalian metabolism, urea, yave ichizivikanwa kubva muzana ramakore reXNUMX. Carbonic acid diomide inogadzirwa kubva kune inorganic compounds uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima. Muindasitiri yemotokari, mhinduro yeAdblue technical fluid sechinhu chinoshanda mukucheneswa kwemagasi ane muchetura kubva kunitrogen oxide.
Adblue ndeye 40% urea uye 60% mvura yakasvibiswa. Iko kuumbwa kunopinzwa muSCR system pamhuno iyo iyo inopedza gasi inopfuura. Kuora kwekuita kunoitika, umo nitric oxide inoputsika kuita nitrogen isingakuvadzi nemamorekuru emvura.
Technical urea yedhiziri - Adblue haina chekuita neurea urea, iyo inoshandiswa mune agro-industrial sector uye mune pharmacology.
Edblue mune injini yedhiziri
Iyo yemvura inopedza mushure mekugadzirisa system, kana SCR inoshandura, ndiyo yakavharwa sisitimu umo soot-isina dhiziri inoyerera inoyerera. Adblue liquid inodururwa mutangi rinozvigarira uye inopinzwa mupombi yekuburitsa mupimo yakayerwa isati yapinda mushanduri.
Iyo gasi yakasanganiswa inopinda muSCR neutralization unit, uko kemikari inogadzirisa inoitika kuti iparadze nitric oxide pamutengo weammonia muurea. Mukubatana ne nitric oxide, ammonia mamorekuru anoiputsa kuita zvikamu zvisingakuvadzi kuvanhu uye zvakatipoteredza.
Mushure mekuchenesa kwakazara kutenderera, huwandu hushoma hwezvinosvibisa hunoburitswa mumhepo, iyo emission parameter inoenderana neEuro-5 uye Euro-6 protocol.
Nheyo yekushanda kwedhiziri exhaust yekuchenesa system
Iyo yakazara injini yedhiziri aftertreatment system ine catalytic converter, particulate filter uye SCR system. Nheyo yekushanda kwekuchenesa mumatanho:
- Exhaust magasi anopinda mucatalytic converter uye particulate filter. Soot inosefa, mafuta emafuta anopiswa, uye carbon monoxide nemahydrocarbons zvinobviswa.
- Injector inoshandiswa kubaya imwe chiyero cheAdBlue mukubatana pakati pedhiziri particulate sefa uye SCR catalytic converter. Urea mamorekuru anoora kuita ammonia uye isocyanic acid.
- Ammonia inosanganiswa nenitrogen oxide, iyo inonyanya kukuvadza chikamu chemafuta edhiziri akashandiswa. Mamolekyulu akapatsanurwa, izvo zvinotungamira pakuumbwa kwemvura uye nitrogen. Magasi emhepo asingakuvadzi anoburitswa mumhepo.
Kuumbwa kwe urea kune dizeli
Pasinei nekureruka kweinjini yedhiziri, hazvigoneke kugadzirira urea wega uchishandisa organic fetireza. Iyo formula yeurea molecule (NH2) 2CO, panyama ikristaro chena isinganhuhwi, inonyungudika mumvura uye polar solvents (liquid ammonia, methanol, chloroform, nezvimwewo).
Pamusika weEurope, mvura inogadzirwa pasi pekutonga kweVDA (German Automobile Industry Association), iyo inopa marezinesi kumakambani anogadzira, mamwe ayo anopa mvura kumusika wepamba.
MuRussia, manyepo pasi peAdBlue brand inodarika 50%. Saka, kana uchitenga urea yeinjini yedhiziri yakagadzirwa neRussia, unofanirwa kutungamirwa nekumaka "ISO 22241-2-2009 Compliance".
Pros uye Cons
Zvakanakira kushandisa urea zviri pachena - chete neiyi reagent iyo epoust gasi kurapwa system yeSCR dizeli injini inogona kushanda zvizere uye kusangana nezvinodiwa zveEuro 6 Standard.
Pamusoro pekuchengetedza nharaunda, mabhenefiti ekuchenesa urea anosanganisira anotevera mapoinzi:
- kushandiswa kwayo kwemotokari kunongova 100 g pa 1000 km;
- iyo SCR system yakabatanidzwa mumotokari dzemazuva ano dzedhiziri;
- mune dzimwe nyika mutero wekushandiswa kwemotokari unoderedzwa kana urea yekuchenesa system yakaiswa, uye hapana ngozi yefaindi.
Nehurombo, iyo system zvakare ine zvayakaipira:
- iyo inotonhora ye urea inenge -11 °C;
- kudiwa kwekugara uchiwedzera mafuta;
- mutengo wemotokari unowedzera;
- huwandu hukuru hwekunyepedzera Adblue fluid;
- kuwedzera zvinodiwa zvehutano hwemafuta;
- kugadzirisa kunodhura kune zvikamu zvehurongwa.
Iyo yakasanganiswa urea scrubbing system yakavakirwa mumotokari dzedhiziri inoramba iri nzira yega yekudzikisa kuburitsa muchetura. Matambudziko mukushanda, kudhura kwakanyanya kwemarori reagents, yakashata yemhando yemvura uye mafuta edhiziri zvinoreva kuti vatyairi vazhinji vanosarudza kudzima sisitimu nekuisa emulators.
Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti urea inoramba iri yega kemikari yedhiziri inodzivirira kuburitswa kwenitric oxide munzvimbo, izvo zvinogona kukonzera cancer.
