Kushandiswa kwekesi yekuchinjisa mune ese-vhiri drive

Kukurumbira kukuru kwakawana maSUV nemacrossovers munguva pfupi yapfuura hakusi netsaona. Mavhiri mana anopa mutyairi kugona kutyaira achitenderedza guta uye pamusoro penzvimbo dzakaipa. Mumotokari yakadai, iyo yekuchinjisa kesi inogadzirwa nenzira yekunyatsoona zvakanakira zvese-vhiri drive.

Chinangwa chenyaya yekuendesa

Mumotokari dzinotyaira imwechete, torque inogadzirwa neinjini uye giya bhokisi rakashandurwa rinofambiswa zvakananga kumavhiri ekutyaira. Kana motokari iine mavhiri mana, nokuda kwekushandisa kwakanyanyisa kwe torque, zvakakosha kugovera pakati pemberi uye kumashure. Uye zvakare, nguva nenguva zvinova zvakakosha kuti uchinje huwandu hwe torque inotumirwa kune imwe axle panguva yekufamba.

Iyo yekuchinjisa kesi inokonzeresa kugovera kweinjini simba pakati pemberi nekumashure maaxles. Kufanana nebhokisi regiya, inokwanisa kuwedzera kukosha kwe torque kune imwe nhanho, iyo inonyanya kukosha kana uchishanda nemotokari mumamiriro akaoma kunze kwemugwagwa.

Dzimwe nguva iyi michina inoita mabasa akakosha pamidziyo yakakosha (injini dzemoto, zvekurima uye zvekuvaka). Basa rekutakura kesi kuendesa chikamu che torque kune yakakosha michina: pombi yemoto, tambo winch, crane mechanism, nezvimwe.

Dhizaini yemudziyo

Iyo yekuchinjisa kesi, dzimwe nguva inodaidzwa kungoti "yekuchinjisa kesi", inoiswa pakati pe shafts uye gearbox inotungamira kune axles. Pasinei nehukuru hwakakura hwemagadzirirwo, zvimwe zvikamu zvekesi yekuchinjisa inowanikwa pane chero modhi:

1. dhiraivha shaft (inotumira torque kubva kugiya bhokisi kuenda kune yekutamisa kesi);
2. kukiya michina uye pakati musiyano;
3. giya kana cheni kuderedza giya;
4. actuator (ine basa rekubatidza kukiya);
5. cardan shafts yekufambisa mberi uye shure kwemashure;
6. synchronizer inokubvumira kuti utendeuke pamutsara wezasi mukufamba.

Iyo yekuchinjisa kesi imba inosanganisira injini drive shaft, uye maviri cardan shafts anoenda kumberi nekumashure maekisi. Dhizaini yekesi yekuchinjisa yakafanana nedhizaini yegiya bhokisi: muviri wayo wakavharwa crankcase, iyo yekugezesa yemafuta inopa lubrication yekusiyanisa uye yekuvhara michina. Kuti uchinje, shandisa lever kana mabhatani mucabin.

Nheyo yekushanda kwenyaya yekuendesa

Basa guru rekutumira nyaya ndeyekubatanidza kana kubvisa rimwe remabhiriji. Mukugadzirwa kweClassic SUVs uye marori mana-mavhiri, iyo torque inogara ichiendeswa kune yekumashure drive axle. Iyo yepamberi, kuitira kuchengetedza mafuta uye hupenyu hwemanodhi, yakabatana chete kuti ikunde zvikamu zvakaoma zvemugwagwa kana mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma emugwagwa (mvura, chando, chando). Iyi nheyo inochengetedzwa mumotokari dzemazuva ano, nemusiyano chete wekuti ekisero yepamberi ikozvino ndiyo inotungamira.

Shanduko ye torque, kugovera kwayo pakati pese dhiraivha axles, ndiyo yechipiri inonyanya kukosha basa rekutamisa kesi. Musiyano wepakati unogovera torque pakati pemberi uye kumashure maekisi, nepo ivo vachigona kugamuchira yakaenzana simba (symmetrical musiyano) kana kupatsanurwa neimwe chikamu (asymmetrical musiyano).

Musiyano wepakati unobvumira maekisi kutenderera nekumhanya kwakasiyana. Izvi zvinodikanwa kana uchityaira mumigwagwa ine tara kuti uderedze kupera kwematayi uye kuchengetedza mafuta. Panguva iyo mota painosiya mugwagwa, uye iwe unofanirwa kuita iyo yakanyanya-mavhiri dhiraivha, iyo yepakati yekukiya yekiyi inogadziriswa, maekisi akabatana zvakasimba kune mumwe nemumwe uye anogona kungotenderera nekumhanya kwakafanana. Nekuda kwekudzivirira kwekutsvedza, dhizaini iyi inowedzera off-road flotation.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa kuti iyo yekusiyanisa yekuvhara basa inowanikwa chete muhuwandu hushoma hwemakesi ekutamisa akaiswa pane dzekirasi SUVs, akakosha mota uye marori ehondo. Iyo parquet crossovers uye SUVs izvo zvakajairika munguva yedu hazvina kugadzirirwa zvakakomba zvakadaro kunze kwemugwagwa kutyaira, saka, kuitira kuderedza mutengo, ivo vanonyimwa basa iri.

Kusiyana kwepakati

Makosi ekutamisa anoshandisa matatu akasiyana epakati akasiyana ekuvhara masisitimu akaiswa pamotokari dzine hunhu hwekunze-mumugwagwa.

Friction multi-plate clutch. Rudzi rwemazuva ano rwekusiyanisa kukiya mune yekuchinjisa kesi. Iyo inodzorwa yekumanikidza simba yeyakagadzika friction discs inoshandiswa mu clutch inobvumira torque kugovaniswa pamwe nema axles zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo emugwagwa. Mumigwagwa yakajairika, maekisi anotakurwa zvakaenzana. Kana imwe yeaxles ikatanga kutsvedza, madhisiki ekukwenya anomanikidzwa, zvishoma kana kuvharira zvachose musiyano wepakati. Iye zvino axle, iyo "inonamatira kumugwagwa" zvakakwana, inogamuchira torque yakawanda kubva injini. Kuti uite izvi, actuator inotumira murairo kune motokari yemagetsi kana hydraulic cylinder.

Kubatana kwe viscous kana kubatanidzwa kwe viscous. Yechinyakare asi yakachipa uye iri nyore kushandisa diff lock. Inosanganisira seti yemadhisiki akaiswa muimba yakazadzwa nesilicone fluid. Madhisiki akabatanidzwa kune mavhiri hubs uye clutch housing. Sezvo kumhanya kwemabhiriji kunotanga kushanduka, iyo silicone inova yakanyanya viscous, ichivharira discs. Izvo zvisingabatsiri zvekugadzirwa kwechinyakare zvinosanganisira tsika yekupisa panguva yekushanda uye kuratidzwa kusingatarisirwi.

Kusiyanisa Torsen nekuda kwekusimba kwayo kushoma, inoshandiswa mu "parquet" SUVs uye off-road station wagon. Sekubatanidza viscous, inoendesa torque kune shaft inotsvedza zvishoma. Iyo Thorsen actuator inokwanisa kugovera isingapfuure 80% yekusundidzira kune yakatakurwa ekisesi, nepo inotsvedza ekisi ichange iine inosvika makumi maviri muzana etorque. Dhizaini yekusiyanisa inosanganisira magiya ehonye, ​​nekuda kwekukweshana uko kukiya kunogadzirwa.

Mashandisiro enyaya yekuchinjisa

Old SUVs, marori uye akakosha mota kazhinji ane bhuku (mechanicha) "transfer kesi" control. Kuti uite kana kubvisa imwe yeaxles, pamwe nekuita mutsauko kana kuti yakaderera, chigadziko chinoshandiswa, kazhinji chinowanikwa pane cab pasi pedyo negear lever. Kuishandura, zvinodikanwa nguva nenguva kuti umise zvachose motokari.

Madiki mamodheru ane emagetsi manyorerwo emagetsi uye ese ekufambisa kesi modhi anosarudzwa uchishandisa mabhatani papaneru. Kana pane synchronizer pa "razdatka", hapana chikonzero chekumisa motokari.

Mumotokari dzemazuva ano, nyaya yekufambisa inoshandiswa. Kana otomatiki modhi yasarudzwa, iyo pa-bhodhi komputa pachayo inosarudza axle slip uye yozodzosera iyo torque. Kana zvakakodzera, activates kusiyanisa kukiya. Mutyairi anogona kudzima otomatiki uye kuita basa rese ari munzira iye. Iko hakuna control lever.

Ese marudzi emacrossovers uye station wagon ane akazara otomatiki ekufambisa kesi control mechanism. Mutyairi haana mukana wekuzvimiririra kudzora michina, sezvo sarudzo dzese dzinoitwa nekombuta.