Nheyo yekushanda uye dhizaini ye hydraulic valve compensator

Injini yekugovera gasi zvikamu zvinoiswa pasi pemitoro inorema uye kupisa kwakanyanya panguva yekushanda. Dzinowedzera zvisina kuenzana kana dzichipisa nekuti dzakagadzirwa kubva kune akasiyana alloys. Kuti ugadzire kushanda kwakajairwa kwemavharuvhu, dhizaini inofanirwa kupa iyo yakakosha gap yekupisa pakati pavo nemacamshaft cams, inovhara kana injini iri kushanda.

Iyo gaka inofanira kugara iri mukati memiganhu yakatarwa, saka mavhavha anofanira kuchinjwa nguva nenguva, ndiko kuti, sarudza pushers kana washers ehukuru hwakakodzera. Hydraulic compensator inokubvumira kuti ubvise kudiwa kwekugadzirisa gap rekupisa uye kuderedza ruzha kana injini ichitonhora.

Hydraulic compensator dhizaini

Hydraulic compensator inogadzirisa otomatiki shanduko mukupisa gap. Chirevo chekutanga "hydro" chinoreva kuita kweimwe mvura mukushanda kwechigadzirwa. Mvura iyi imafuta anopiwa pasi pekumanikidzwa kune vanobhadhara. Iyo yakaomesesa uye chaiyo chitubu sisitimu mukati inogadzirisa kucheneswa.

Kushandiswa kwema hydraulic lifters kune zvinotevera zvakanakira:

• hapana chikonzero chekugadzirisa nguva nenguva yevhavha;
• kushanda zvakanaka kwenguva;
• kuderedza ruzha panguva yekushanda injini;
• kuwedzera kweiyo sosi yegasi yekugovera michina node.

Izvo zvikamu zvikuru zve hydraulic compensator ndezvi:

• dzimba;
• plunger kana plunger pair;
• plunger bushing;
• plunger spring;
• plunger valve (bhora).

Mashandiro anoita hydraulic lifters

Kushanda kwechigadzirwa kunogona kutsanangurwa mumatanho akati wandei:

• Iyo camshaft cam haina kumanikidza iyo compensator uye inotarisana nayo nedivi reshure, ine mukaha mudiki pakati pavo. Chitubu cheplunger chiri mukati mecompensator chinosundira plunger kunze kweruoko. Panguva ino, gomba rinogadzirwa pasi peplunger, iyo izere nemafuta pasi pekumanikidzwa kuburikidza nechani yakasanganiswa uye gomba mumuviri. Mafuta emafuta anozadzwa kusvika pachiyero chinodiwa uye valve yebhora yakavharwa nechitubu. Iyo pusher inozorora pakatarisana nekamera, kufamba kweplunger kunomira uye nzira yemafuta inovhara. Muchiitiko ichi, gaka rinonyangarika.
• Kana iyo cam ikatanga kutendeuka, inodzvanya pane hydraulic compensator uye inoifambisa pasi. Nekuda kwehuwandu hwakaunganidzwa hwemafuta, iyo plunger pair inova yakasimba uye inoendesa simba kuvharuvhu. Ivhavha yekumanikidza inovhura uye musanganiswa wemhepo-mafuta unopinda mukamuri yekupisa.
• Kana uchidzika pasi, mamwe mafuta anoyerera achibuda mugomba riri pasi peplunger. Mushure mekunge cam yapfuura chikamu chinoshanda chechiito, kutenderera kwekushanda kunodzokororwa zvakare.

Iyo hydraulic compensator zvakare inogadzirisa gaka rinokonzerwa nekupfeka kwechisikigo kwezvikamu zvenguva. Iyi iri nyore, asi panguva imwechete yakaoma nzira yekugadzira ine kunyatsokodzera kwezvikamu.

Kushanda chaiko kwema hydraulic lifters zvakanyanya kunoenderana nekudzvanywa kwemafuta muhurongwa uye viscosity yayo. Yakanyanya viscous uye inotonhora mafuta haizokwanisi kupinda mumuviri wepusher muhuwandu hunodiwa. Kuderera kwepasi uye kudonha kunoderedzawo kushanda kwemaitiro.

Mhando dze hydraulic compensator

Zvichienderana nemidziyo yenguva, kune mana makuru emhando dze hydraulic lifters:

• hydraulic pushers;
• roller hydraulic pushers;
• hydro support;
• hydraulic inotsigira iyo yakaiswa pasi pemaoko e rocker kana levers.

Mhando dzose dzine dhizaini yakasiyana zvishoma, asi ine nheyo imwechete yekushanda. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa mumotokari dzemazuva ano ndeye yakajairwa hydraulic tappets ine flat rutsigiro rwecamshaft cam. Aya maitiro akaiswa zvakananga pavhavha stem. Iyo camshaft cam inobata zvakananga pane iyo hydraulic pusher.

Kana iyo camshaft iri munzvimbo yepasi, hydraulic inotsigira inoiswa pasi pemarevheti uye maoko edombo. Mugadziriro iyi, cam that inosundidzira mashandiro kubva pazasi uye simba rinoendeswa kuvharuvhu nerever kana rocker ruoko.

Roller hydro bearings anoshanda pane imwechete musimboti. Rollers inosangana nemacams inoshandiswa kuderedza kukwesha. Roller hydraulic bearings inonyanya kushandiswa painjini dzeJapan.

Pros uye Cons

Hydraulic compensator inodzivirira matambudziko mazhinji ehunyanzvi panguva yekushanda kweinjini. Hapana chikonzero chekugadzirisa gap rekupisa, semuenzaniso newashers. Hydraulic tappets zvakare inoderedza ruzha uye kuvhunduka mitoro. Smooth uye kwakaringana kushanda kunoderedza kupfeka pazvikamu zvenguva.

Pakati pezvakanakira panewo zvisingabatsiri. Injini dzine hydraulic compensator dzine maitiro avo. Chinonyanya kuoneka pane izvi ndiko kusaenzana kwekushanda kweinjini inotonhora pakutanga-kumusoro. Kune maitiro ekugogodza anonyangarika kana tembiricha uye pressure zvasvika. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekusakwana kwemafuta ekumanikidza pakutanga. Haipindi ma compensator, saka panogogodzwa.

Chimwe chinokanganisa mutengo wezvikamu uye masevhisi. Kana zvakakosha kuitsiva, inofanira kupiwa kune nyanzvi. Hydraulic compensator varikudawo pamhando yeoiri uye kushanda kweiyo yese lubrication system. Kana iwe uri kushandisa yakaderera mhando mafuta, zvino izvi zvinogona kukanganisa zvakananga kuita kwavo.

Zvinogoneka malfunctions uye zvikonzero zvavo

Iko kugogodza kunoguma kunoratidza kusashanda mumagetsi ekugovera gasi. Kana paine ma hydraulic ekuwedzera majoini, chikonzero chinogona kunge chiri:

• Kusashanda kweiyo hydraulic pushers ivo pachavo - kukundikana kweiyo plunger pair kana jamming yemapungi, jamming yevharuvhu yebhora, kupfeka kwechisikigo;
• Kuderera kwemafuta ekudzvinyirira muhurongwa;
• Migero yemafuta yakavharwa muhumburumbira;
• Mhepo mune lubrication system.

Zvinogona kuomera mutyairi wepakati kuti awane chinokanganisa lash adjuster. Kuti uite izvi, unogona, semuenzaniso, kushandisa stethoscope yemotokari. Zvakakwana kuteerera kune yega yega hydraulic compensator kuti uone yakakuvadzwa nekugogodza kwayo.

Mukuwedzera, iwe unogona kutarisa kushanda kwevabatsiri, unogona, kana zvichibvira, kuvabvisa kubva injini. Havafaniri kuderera kana vazadzwa. Mamwe marudzi anogona kupatsanurwa uye dhigirii rekupfeka kwezvikamu zvemukati zvinogona kutsanangurwa.

Oiri yakashata inotungamira kune yakavharika nzira dzemafuta. Izvi zvinogona kugadziriswa nekushandura oiri pachayo, iyo sefa yemafuta uye kuchenesa ma hydraulic lifters ivo pachavo. Inogona kugezwa nemvura yakakosha, acetone kana high-octane peturu. Kana ari mafuta, kana dambudziko riri mukati maro, zvino mushure mekuchinja, izvi zvinofanira kubatsira kubvisa kugogodza.

Nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kutsiva kwete vatsigiri vega, asi zvese kamwechete. Izvi zvinofanira kuitwa pashure 150-200 zviuru makiromita. Pachinhambwe ichi, vanosakara zvoga.

Kana uchitsiva hydraulic compensators, mamwe nuances anofanirwa kutariswa:

• Iwo ma hydraulic tappets matsva akatozadzwa nemafuta. Mafuta aya haadi kubviswa. Oiri inosanganiswa muhurongwa hwekuzora uye mweya haupindi muhurongwa;
• Mushure mekugeza kana kuparadzanisa, "isina" compensator (isina mafuta) haifaniri kuiswa. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo mhepo inogona kupinda nayo muhurongwa;
• Mushure mekuisa ma hydraulic compensator matsva, zvinokurudzirwa kutenderedza crankshaft kakawanda. Izvi zvinodikanwa kuitira kuti plunger pairs dziuye mumamiriro ekushanda uye kumanikidza kunowedzera;
• Mushure mekutsiva ma compensator, zvinokurudzirwa kushandura mafuta uye sefa.

Kuti uchengetedze majoini ekuwedzera ehydraulic kubva pakukonzera matambudziko mashoma sezvinobvira panguva yekushanda, shandisa emhando yepamusoro injini yemafuta inokurudzirwa mubhuku remuridzi wemotokari. Izvo zvinodiwawo kutevera mitemo yekuchinja mafuta uye mafirita. Kana idzi kurudziro dzikateverwa, ma hydraulic lifters anogara kwenguva yakareba.