Nheyo yekushanda kweiyo rack rack ine hydraulic booster

Nheyo yekushanda kwesimba rekutungamirira rack inobva pamigumisiro yenguva pfupi yekumanikidzwa inogadzirwa nepombi pa cylinder, iyo inoshandura rack munzira yakarurama, kubatsira mutyairi kuti atungamirire motokari. Nokudaro, motokari dzine simba rekufambisa dzinonyanya kugadzikana, kunyanya kana ichifamba nemhepo yakaderera kana kutyaira mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, nokuti njanji yakadaro inotora yakawanda yemutoro unodiwa kutenderedza vhiri, uye mutyairi anongopa mirairo, pasina kurasikirwa nemhinduro. kubva munzira..

Iyo yekumhanyisa muindastiri yekutakura vatyairi yakagara ichitsiva mamwe marudzi emidziyo yakafanana nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwehunyanzvi, hwatakataura nezvayo pano (Mashandiro anoita rack). Asi, pasinei nekureruka kwekugadzirwa, nheyo yekushanda kwechidhiraivho ne hydraulic booster, kureva, hydraulic booster, haisati yanyatsonzwisiswa kune vakawanda varidzi vemotokari.

Kutungamira kwekusimudzira - pfupiso pfupi

Kubva pakuuya kwemotokari dzekutanga, hwaro hwekutungamira hwave giya rekudzikisira negiya rakakura regiya, rinotenderedza mavhiri emberi emotokari nenzira dzakasiyana. Pakutanga, yakanga iri mbiru ine bipod yakanamirwa pasi, saka chimiro chakaoma (trapezium) chaifanira kushandiswa kuendesa simba rekurerekera kumagumbo ekutungamirira kwaivharirwa mavhiri emberi. Ipapo vakagadzira rack, zvakare giya bhokisi, iro raiendesa simba rekutendeuka kune yekumberi kumiswa pasina mamwe maumbirwo, uye munguva pfupi iyi rudzi rwechidhiraivho rwakatsiva mbiru kwese.

Asi kukanganisa kukuru kunobva pamusimboti wekushanda kwechigadzirwa ichi hakwaigona kukundwa. Kuwedzera kwegiya reshiyo kwakabvumira chidhiraivho, chinonziwo chidhiraivho kana kuti chidhiraivho, kuti chisandurwe zvisina simba, asi chichimanikidza mamwe matende ekufambisa chidhiraivho kubva kurudyi chakanyanyisa kuenda kuchinzvimbo chekuruboshwe chakanyanyisa kana zvakasiyana. Kuderedza chiyero chegiya chakaita kuti chidhiraivho chiwedzere, nekuti mota yacho yakawedzera kusimba kunyangwe kuchinjika kudiki kwevhiri, asi kutyaira mota yakadai kwaida simba rakakura uye kutsungirira.

Kuedza kugadzirisa dambudziko iri kwakaitwa kubva pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi50, uye mamwe acho aiva nechokuita nehydraulics. Izwi rekuti "hydraulics" pacharo rakabva pashoko rechiLatini rekuti hydro (hydro), iro raireva mvura kana imwe mhando yemvura inofananidzwa mukuyerera kwayo kumvura. Nekudaro, kusvika pakutanga kwe1951s yezana ramakore rapfuura, zvese zvaive zvakaganhurirwa kumasampula ekuyedza aisagona kuiswa mukugadzirwa kwehuwandu. Kubudirira uku kwakauya muna XNUMX apo Chrysler akaunza yekutanga-yakagadzirwa simba dhiraivha (GUR) iyo yakashanda pamwe chete nekoramu inotungamira. Kubva ipapo, iyo general nheyo yekushanda kweiyo hydraulic steering rack kana column yakaramba isina kuchinjika.

Chekutanga dhiraivha yaive nezvikanganiso zvakakomba, iyo:

• yakatakura zvakanyanya injini;
• yakasimbisa chidhiraivho chete panguva yepakati kana yakakwirira kumhanya;
• pakumhanya kweinjini yakakwira, yakagadzira kudzvanya kwakanyanyisa (kumanikidza) uye mutyairi akarasa kuonana nemugwagwa.

Naizvozvo, iyo inowanzo shanda hydraulic booster yakaonekwa chete pakupera kweXXI, apo reki yakanga yatove ndiyo huru yekutungamirira.

Iyo hydraulic booster inoshanda sei

Kuti unzwisise musimboti wekushanda kweiyo hydraulic steering rack, zvinodikanwa kufunga nezvezvinhu zvinosanganisirwa mairi uye mabasa avanoita:

• pombi;
• kudzvinyirira kuderedza valve;
• tangi yekuwedzera uye sefa;
• humburumbira (hydraulic cylinder);
• distributor.

Chimwe nechimwe chikamu cheiyo hydraulic booster, saka, iko iko kushanda kwesimba rekutungamira kunogoneka chete kana zvese zvikamu zvinonyatso kuita basa razvo. Vhidhiyo iyi inoratidza iyo general musimboti wekushanda kwehurongwa hwakadaro.

Chidhiraivho chemagetsi chemotokari chinoshanda sei?

Pump

Basa remuchina uyu nderekutenderera kutenderera kwemvura (hydraulic mafuta, ATP kana ATF) kuburikidza neiyo simba rekutungamira sisitimu nekugadzirwa kweimwe dzvinyiriro inokwana kutenderedza mavhiri. Iyo pombi yekutungamirira simba inobatanidzwa nebhanhire kune crankshaft pulley, asi kana motokari yakashongedzerwa nemagetsi hydraulic booster, ipapo kushanda kwayo kunopiwa neimwe motokari yemagetsi. Kuitwa kwepombi kunosarudzwa zvekuti kunyangwe pakusaita basa kunovimbisa kutenderera kwemuchina, uye kuwandisa kunoitika kana kukurumidza kunowedzera kunotsiviwa nevhavha inoderedza kumanikidza.

Iyo pombi yekutungamirira simba inogadzirwa nemhando mbiri:

• lamellar;
• giya.

pombi yekutungamirira simba

Zvisinei nerudzi, pombi yekutungamirira simba inoshanda pamusimboti weiyo yekare steamship's wheel propulsion unit. Iyo lamellar inonyanya kuoma kugadzira, asi nerubatsiro rwayo iwe unogona kushandura kushanda uye kumanikidzwa kwakagadzirwa nechikwata ichi nekuda kwekuwedzera kwakasiyana kwemaplateti epropeller, iyo inokosha pamichina yakagadzirwa nemagetsi akaoma emagetsi ekugadzirisa hurongwa. Iyo pombi yegiya, kune rumwe rutivi, ndeye yakajairika pombi yemafuta, umo mazino egiya anofambisa iyo hydraulic fluid yakananga kunobuda, uye kuita uye kudzvanywa kunogadzirwa kunoenderana chete nekumhanya kweinjini.

Pamotokari dzine hydraulic suspension, imwe pombi inovimbisa kushanda kwezvose zviri zviviri - simba rekutungamirira uye kumiswa, asi rinoshanda pane imwechete. Inosiyana neyakajairwa chete mukuwedzera kwesimba.

Kumanikidza kuderedza vharuvhu

Ichi chikamu che hydraulic booster chinoshanda pamusimboti wevhavhavhavha, inosanganisira bhora rekukiya uye chitubu. Panguva yekushanda, pombi yekutungamirira simba inogadzira kutenderera kwemvura ine imwe dzvinyiriro, nokuti kushanda kwayo kwakakwirira kudarika kubuda kwehosi nezvimwe zvinhu. Sezvo injini inomhanya ichiwedzera, kudzvanywa musimba rekutungamira system kunowedzera, kuita kuburikidza nebhora pachitubu. Kuoma kwechitubu kunosarudzwa kuitira kuti valve ivhure pane imwe dzvinyiriro, uye dhayamita yematanho inodzikamisa kubuda kwayo, saka kushanda hakuiti kuti kudonhe kwakapinza mukumanikidzwa. Kana vharuvhu ichivhura, chikamu chemafuta chinopfuura nehurongwa, iyo inodzikamisa kudzvanywa padanho rinodiwa.

Simba rekutungamirira kudzvinyirira kuderedza valve

Pasinei nekuti iyo valve yekudzikisa kumanikidza yakaiswa mukati mepombi, chinhu chakakosha cheiyo hydraulic booster, saka iri padivi nedzimwe nzira. Kusashanda kwayo kana kushata kwayo kunokanganisa kwete kutungamira kwemagetsi chete, asiwo kuchengetedzeka kwemotokari mumugwagwa, kana mutsara wekupa ukaputika nekuda kwekunyanya kudzvanywa kwehydraulic, kana kudonha kuchionekwa, maitiro emotokari pakutenderedza vhiri anochinja, uye asina ruzivo. munhu ari kumashure kwevhiri njodzi kwete kubata manejimendi. Naizvozvo, mudziyo weiyo rack rack ine hydraulic booster inoreva kuvimbika kwakanyanya kwezvose zviri zviviri chimiro chakazara uye chimwe nechimwe chinhu.

Tangi yekuwedzera uye sefa

Munguva yekushanda kwesimba, hydraulic fluid inomanikidzwa kutenderera kuburikidza nemagetsi ekutungamirira uye inokonzerwa nekumanikidzwa kwakagadzirwa nepombi, iyo inotungamirira pakupisa uye kuwedzera kwemafuta. Iyo tangi yekuwedzera inotora yakawandisa yezvinhu izvi, kuitira kuti huwandu hwayo muhurongwa hunogara hwakafanana, izvo zvinobvisa kudzvanywa kwekuwedzera kunokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwekupisa. Kupisa kweATP uye kupfeka kwezvinhu zvekukwesha zvinotungamira pakuonekwa kweguruva resimbi uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa mumafuta. Kupinda mu spool, iyo iriwo muparidzi, marara aya anovhara maburi, achivhiringidza kushanda kwehutungamiri hwemagetsi, izvo zvinokanganisa kubata kwemotokari. Kuti udzivise kukura kwakadaro kwezviitiko, sefa inovakwa mukati mekutungamira kwesimba, iyo inobvisa marara akasiyana-siyana kubva kune inotenderera hydraulic fluid.

Silinda

Ichi chikamu che hydraulic booster ipombi, mukati mayo mune chikamu chenjanji ine hydraulic piston yakaiswa pairi. Oiri zvisimbiso zvinoiswa pamicheto yepombi kudzivirira ATP kutiza kana kudzvanyirirwa kunokwira. Kana oiri ichipinda muchikamu chinoenderana checylinder kuburikidza nemapombi, piston inofamba ichienda kune rumwe rutivi, ichisundira rack uye, kuburikidza nayo, ichiita pamatanda ekutungamirira uye mabvi ekutungamirira.

silinda yekutungamirira simba

Kutenda kune iyi dhizaini yedhizaini, mapfumo ekufambisa anotanga kufamba kunyangwe giya rekutyaira risati rafambisa rack.

Distributor

Nheyo yekushanda kwesimba rekutungamirira rack ndeyekupa muchidimbu hydraulic fluid panguva iyo vhiri rinotenderera, nekuda kwekuti rack inotanga kufamba kunyange mutyairi asati aedza zvakanyanya. Kupiwa kwakadaro kwenguva pfupi, pamwe nekudhonza mvura yakawandisa kubva kune hydraulic cylinder, inopiwa nemugovera, iyo inowanzonzi spool.

Kuti unzwisise musimboti wekushanda kweiyi hydraulic mudziyo, zvinodikanwa kwete kungozvifunga muchikamu, asiwo kunyatsoongorora kupindirana kwayo nemamwe ese emagetsi ekufambisa zvinhu. Chero bedzi nzvimbo yevhiri redhiraivha nemagubhu ekutungamirira zvichienderana, muparadzi, anonziwo spool, anovharira kuyerera kwemvura mucylinder kubva kumativi ese, saka kudzvanywa mukati memakumbo maviri kwakafanana haikanganisi kutungamira kwekutenderera kwemarimu. Kana mutyairi achitenderedza chidhiraivho, iyo diki reshiyo yedhiraivha yekudzikisa rack haimubvumiri kukurumidza kutenderedza mavhiri pasina kushandisa kwakakosha kuedza.

Simba rekugovera muparidzi

Basa remugoveri wemagetsi nderekupa ATP kune hydraulic cylinder chete kana chinzvimbo chevhiri chisingaenderane nenzvimbo yemavhiri, ndiko kuti, kana mutyairi achitenderedza vhiri, muparadzi anotanga moto nemasimba. humburumbira kuti iite pamapfundo ekurembesa. Kubata kwakadaro kunofanirwa kuve kwenguva pfupi uye zvinoenderana nekuti mutyairi akatenderedza chidhiraivho chakadii. Izvi zvinoreva, kutanga hydraulic cylinder inofanira kutendeuka mavhiri, uye ipapo mutyairi, kutevedzana uku kunokubvumira kushandisa zvishoma kuedza kutendeuka, asi panguva imwechete "inzwa mugwagwa".

Kana mota ichirova imwe mhando yebump, vhiri rayo remberi, zvishoma, asi rinoshandura mafambiro ekutenderera, izvo zvinotungamira mukukanganisa njanji. Kana kukanganisa kwakadaro kwakasimba zvakakwana kukunda kuoma kwe torsion bar, ipapo kukanganisa kunoitika, zvinoreva kuti chikamu cheATF chinopinda kune rumwe rutivi rwe hydraulic cylinder, iyo inonyanya kubhadhara jerk yakadaro uye chidhiraivho hachiiti. bhururuka kubva mumaoko omutyairi. Panguva imwecheteyo, anonzwa kufamba kuburikidza nechidhiraivho uye anonzwisisa kuti motokari yakapfuura nzvimbo isina kuenzana, iyo inomubvumira kuti akurumidze kupindura kuchinja kwemamiriro emigwagwa.

Ainoita

Kudiwa kwekuvhiyiwa kwakadaro kwaiva imwe yematambudziko akadzivirira kugadzirwa kwehuwandu hwe hydraulic boosters, nokuti kazhinji mumotokari vhiri rekutungamirira uye giya rekutungamirira zvakabatanidzwa negomba rakaoma, iro risingangotamisi simba kumakumbo ekufambisa, asi. inopawo mutyairi wemotokari mhinduro kubva mumugwagwa. Kuti ndigadzirise dambudziko, ndaifanira kushandura zvachose kurongeka kweshaft inobatanidza chidhiraivho uye giya rekutungamirira. Mugoveri akaiswa pakati pavo, hwaro hwaro huri musimboti we torsion, ndiko kuti, tsvimbo yarastiki inokwanisa kumonyoroka.

Kana mutyairi atenderedza vhiri, torsion bar inomonyoroka zvishoma pakutanga, izvo zvinokonzeresa kusawirirana pakati penzvimbo yechidhiraivho nemavhiri emberi. Panguva yekusawirirana kwakadaro, spool yekugovera inovhura uye hydraulic mafuta inopinda mucylinder, iyo inoshandura rack yekufambisa munzira yakarurama, uye naizvozvo inobvisa kukanganisa. Asi, kubuda kwe spool spool kwakaderera, saka ma hydraulics haatore zvachose kuedza kwemutyairi, izvo zvinoreva kuti nekukurumidza kwaunoda kutendeuka, zvakanyanya mutyairi anofanirwa kutendeutsa chidhiraivho, icho chinopa mhinduro uye inokubvumira kuti unzwe motokari mumugwagwa

Device

Kuita basa rakadaro, kureva, kudonhedzwa ATP mu hydraulic cylinder uye kumisa kupihwa mushure mekunge kusawirirana kwabviswa, zvaive zvakafanira kugadzira yakaomesesa hydraulic mechanism inoshanda zvinoenderana nenheyo nyowani uye inosanganisira:

• torsion bar yakabatana negiya rekutyaira, iro rinopa kusawirirana kana uchitenderedza chidhiraivho;
• mukati me spool;
• chikamu chekunze che spool.

Zvikamu zvemukati nekunze zve spool zvinobatana zvakasimba zvekuti hapana donhwe remvura rinopinda pakati pazvo, uyezve, maburi anoboorwa mukati mawo kuitira kupa uye kudzoka kweATP. Nheyo yekushanda kweiyi dhizaini ndiyo chaiyo dosing ye hydraulic fluid inopihwa kune silinda. Kana iyo nzvimbo yerudder uye rack yakarongeka, iyo yekugovera uye yekudzoka mazaru anochinjirwa kune imwe neimwe uye iyo mvura kuburikidza navo haipindi kana kuyerera kubva mumasilinda, saka iyo yekupedzisira inogara yakazadzwa uye hapana kutyisidzira kwemhepo. . Kana mutyairi wemota achitenderedza chidhiraivho, iyo torsion bar inotanga kumonyoroka, zvekunze uye zvemukati zvikamu zve spool zvinotamiswa zvine hukama kune mumwe nemumwe, nekuda kwekuti maburi ekupa kune rimwe divi uye maburi emvura kune rimwe anosanganiswa. .

Verenga zvakare: Steering rack damper - chinangwa uye kumisikidza mitemo

Kupinda mu hydraulic cylinder, mafuta anotsikirira piston, achiishandura kumucheto, iyo yekupedzisira inoshandura kune njanji uye inotanga kufamba kunyange pamberi pegiya rekutyaira pairi. Sezvo rack inoshanduka, kusawirirana pakati pekunze uye mukati mezvikamu zve spool kunopera, nekuda kwekuti mafuta emafuta anomira zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kana nzvimbo yemavhiri inosvika pachiyero nechinzvimbo chevhiri, kugovera uye kubuda kwevhiri. ATP yakavharwa zvachose. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, silinda, iyo yese mativi ayo akazadzwa nemafuta uye anoumba maviri akavharwa masisitimu, anoita basa rekudzikamisa, saka, kana ichirova bump, inooneka diki mhenyu inosvika pachidhiraivho uye chidhiraivho hachibudi kunze. maoko omutyairi.

Ndiko kuti, kushanda kweiyo hydraulic steering rack kunoenderana nemisimboti ye spool uye torsion bar - kana mutyairi achitenderedza chidhiraivho, anotanga amonyorora torsion bar zvishoma, nekuda kwekuti spool inovhura, uyezve torsion. bhari rinotwasanudza uye rinovhara spool. Ndiko kuti, hydraulic fluid, nekuda kwemugovera, inopinda mu hydraulic cylinder chete kana kona yekufambisa inopfuura inopindirana nedhiraivha, kuitira kuti mutyairi asashandise zvakanyanya, asi panguva imwe chete asarasikirwe nemugwagwa.

mhedziso

Nheyo yekushanda kwesimba rekutungamirira rack inobva pamigumisiro yenguva pfupi yekumanikidzwa inogadzirwa nepombi pa cylinder, iyo inoshandura rack munzira yakarurama, kubatsira mutyairi kuti atungamirire motokari. Nokudaro, motokari dzine simba rekufambisa dzinonyanya kugadzikana, kunyanya kana ichifamba nemhepo yakaderera kana kutyaira mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, nokuti njanji yakadaro inotora yakawanda yemutoro unodiwa kutenderedza vhiri, uye mutyairi anongopa mirairo, pasina kurasikirwa nemhinduro. kubva munzira..

Simba redhiraivhi - chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kwesimba kudhiraina pamhando yeLego!