Nheyo yekushanda kwe turbocharger nekugadzirwa kwayo

Turbocharger (turbine) inzira inoshandiswa mumotokari kumanikidza mweya kupinda mumasirinda einjini inobvira mukati. Muchiitiko ichi, turbine inotungamirirwa chete nekuyerera kwemagasi emhepo. Kushandiswa kwe turbocharger kunokubvumira kuti uwedzere simba rejini kusvika ku40% uchichengetedza saizi yaro compact uye kuderera kwemafuta.

Iyo turbine yakarongeka sei, iyo nheyo yekushanda kwayo

Iyo standard turbocharger inosanganisira:

1. Dzimba. Yakagadzirwa nesimbi inodzivirira kupisa. Iine helical shape ine machubhu maviri akasiyana anotungamirwa akapihwa maflange ekuisirwa mune yekumanikidza system.
2. Turbine vhiri. Inoshandura simba rekutsvaira kuita kutenderera kwe shaft iyo inogadziriswa zvakasimba. Yakagadzirwa kubva kune zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa.
3. Compressor vhiri. Inogamuchira kutenderera kubva kuvhiri returbine uye inopomba mweya mumasilinda ejini. Iyo compressor impeller inowanzogadzirwa nealuminium, iyo inoderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba. Iyo tembiricha yekutonga munzvimbo ino iri pedyo neyakajairika uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa hazvidiwi.
4. Turbine shaft. Inobatanidza mavhiri eturbine (compressor uye turbine).
5. Plain bearings kana bhora. Inodiwa kubatanidza shaft mudzimba. Iyo dhizaini inogona kuve yakashongedzerwa neimwe kana maviri anotsigira (bearings). Iwo ekupedzisira anozorwa neiyo general injini lubrication system.
6. bypass valve. PYakagadzirirwa kudzora kuyerera kwemagasi emhepo anoshanda pavhiri returbine. Izvi zvinokubvumira kudzora simba rekusimudzira. Vavha ine pneumatic actuator. Chinzvimbo chayo chinodzorwa neinjini ECU, iyo inogamuchira chiratidzo kubva kune inomhanya sensor.

Nheyo yekutanga yekushanda kweiyo turbine mu peturu uye dizeli injini ndeiyi inotevera:

• Magasi ekupedza anonangidzirwa kune turbocharger imba kwaanoita pane turbine blades.
• Ivhiri returbine rinotanga kutenderera nekukasira. Turbine kutenderera kumhanya pakumhanya kwakanyanya kunogona kusvika 250 rpm.
• Mushure mokupfuura nepakati pevhiri returbine, magasi emhepo anoburitswa mumagetsi ekunze.
• Iyo compressor impeller inotenderera mu sync (nekuti iri pa shaft yakafanana ne turbine) uye inotungamira kuyerera kwemhepo yakamanikidzwa kuenda kune intercooler uyezve kune injini inopinza yakawanda.

Turbine maitiro

Kuenzaniswa ne mechanical compressor inotyairwa ne crankshaft, mukana we turbine ndeyekuti haitore simba kubva mujini, asi inoshandisa simba kubva kune yayo-yakagadzirwa. Yakachipa kugadzira uye yakachipa kushandisa.

Kunyangwe hazvo tekinoroji turbine yeinjini yedhiziri yakangofanana neyeinjini yepeturu, inowanzoitika muinjini yedhiziri. Chinhu chikuru ndiyo nzira dzekushanda. Naizvozvo, zvinyoro zvisingadziviriri kupisa zvinogona kushandiswa injini yedhiziri, sezvo tembiricha yekupedza gasi iri pakati pe700 ° C mumajini edhiziri uye kubva 1000 ° C mumajini epeturu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hazvibviri kuisa dizeli turbine pane peturu injini.

Nekune rimwe divi, masisitimu aya anewo mazinga akasiyana ekuwedzera pressure. Muchiitiko ichi, inofanira kurangarirwa kuti kushanda kweiyo turbine kunoenderana nehukuru hwayo hwejometri. Kudzvinyirirwa kwemhepo inopeperetswa mumasirinda ndiko kuwanda kwezvikamu zviviri: 1 atmospheric pressure pamwe nedzvinyiriro yakawandisa yakagadzirwa neturbocharger. Inogona kubva 0,4 kusvika 2,2 atmospheres kana kupfuura. Sezvo musimboti wekushanda kweiyo turbine muinjini yedhiziri inobvumira kuwedzera gasi rekupedza kutorwa mukati, dhizaini yeinjini yepeturu haigone kuiswa kunyangwe muinjini dzedhiziri.

Mhando uye hupenyu hwebasa re turbocharger

Chinhu chikuru chakakanganisika cheturbine ndeye "turbo lag" mhedzisiro inoitika pane yakaderera injini kumhanya. Inomiririra nguva inononoka mukupindura kune shanduko yekumhanya kweinjini. Kuti ukunde kukanganisa uku, marudzi akasiyana-siyana e turbocharger akagadzirwa:

• Twin-scroll system. Iyo dhizaini inopa nzira mbiri dzinoparadzanisa kamuri yeturbine uye, semhedzisiro, iyo yekubuda gasi kuyerera. Izvi zvinogonesa kukurumidza kupindura nguva, yakanyanya kunaka turbine uye inodzivirira kuvharika kweexhaust ports.
• Turbine ine inoshanduka geometry (nozzle ine variable geometry). Iyi dhizaini inonyanya kushandiswa mumainjini edhiziri. Inopa shanduko mu-cross-section ye-inlet kune turbine nekuda kwekufamba kwemashizha ayo. Kushandura kona yekutenderera kunokubvumira kuti ugadzirise kuyerera kwemagasi emhepo, nokudaro kugadzirisa kukurumidza kwemagesi emhepo uye kukurumidza kwejini. Mune peturu injini, akasiyana geometry turbines anowanzo kuwanikwa mumotokari dzemitambo.

Izvo zvisingabatsiri zve turbocharger ndeye fragility ye turbine. Kune injini dzepeturu, iyi ivhareji yemakiromita 150. Kune rimwe divi, turbine sosi yeinjini yedhiziri yakati rebei uye inosvika 000 makiromita. Nekutyaira kwenguva refu pakumhanya kukuru, pamwe nekusarudzika kwakashata kwemafuta, hupenyu hwebasa hunogona kuderedzwa nekaviri kana kunyange katatu.

Zvichienderana nekuti turbine inoshanda sei mune peturu kana dizeli injini, kuita kunogona kuongororwa. Chiratidzo chekutarisa kutaridzika kweutsi hwebhuruu kana dema, kuderera kwesimba reinjini, pamwe nekuonekwa kwemuridzo uye kurira. Kuti udzivise kuputsika, zvinodikanwa kushandura mafuta, mafirita emhepo uye kuita nguva dzose kugadzirisa munguva.