Nheyo yekushanda uye chishandiso chemafuta emagetsi anodzora

Mudziyo wedhiziri wemazuva ano uye masimba epeturu anogona kusiyana zvichienderana nehurongwa hwemafuta hunoshandiswa nemugadziri pamotokari dzake. Imwe yeakanyanya kufambira mberi zviitiko zveiyi system ndeye Common Rail peturu njanji.

Muchidimbu, musimboti wekushanda kwayo ndeinotevera: pombi yepamusoro-yekumanikidza (verenga nezve chishandiso chayo pano) inopa mafuta edhiziri kumatara. Muchinhu ichi, iyo dose inoparadzirwa pamusoro pemvura. Zvinyorwa zvehurongwa zvakatotsanangurwa kare. mune imwe wongororo, asi maitiro acho anotungamirwa neECU uye peturu yekumanikidza regulator.

Nhasi tichataura zvakadzama nezvechikamu ichi, pamwe nezvechirwere chayo uye musimboti wekushanda.

Mafuta emafuta anodzora mabasa

Basa reRTD nderekuchengetedza rakazara mafuta kumanikidza muinjini injini. Ichi chinhu, zvisinei nekuwanda kwemutoro pachikamu, chinochengetedza chinodikanwa chinomanikidza.

Kana injini inomhanya kana ichiderera, huwandu hwemafuta anodyiwa hunogona kuwedzera kana kuderera. Saka kuti musanganiswa wakaonda haugadzike nekumhanya kwakanyanya, uye zvakare wakapfuma pakumhanya kwakadzika, sisitimu yacho inogadzirirwa neyekuchenesa vharuvhu.

Imwe bhenefiti yemutongi ndeye muripo wekunyanyisa kumanikidza mune njanji. Dai mota yakanga isina kugadzirirwa nechikamu ichi, zvinotevera zvaizoitika. Kana mweya mushoma uchiyerera nepakati pekudyiwa kwakawanda, asi kumanikidza kunoramba kwakafanana, iyo yuniti inodzora ingangoshandura nguva yekuzadza mafuta (kana iyo yakatopedzwa VTS).

Zvisinei, munyaya iyi, hazvibviri kubhadhara zvakakwana musoro wakawandisa. Mafuta akawandisa anofanirwa kuenda kumwe kunhu. Mune injini yepeturu, peturu yakawandisa inozadza makenduru. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, musanganiswa hauzopisa zvachose, izvo zvinokonzeresa kuti zvidimbu zvemafuta asina kupiswa abviswe mugadziriro. Izvi zvinonyanya kuwedzera "makaro" echikamu uye zvinoderedza hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza hwemotokari chiutsi. Mhedzisiro yeizvi inogona kuve yakasiyana kwazvo - kubva pasoteti yakasimba paunenge uchityaira kuenda kune yakaputsika chinogadzirisa kana chidimbu chesefa.

Iwo musimboti wemafuta emagetsi anodzora

Iyo peturu yekumanikidza inodzora inoshanda zvinoenderana nesimboti inotevera. Iyo yepamusoro-yekumanikidza pombi inogadzira kumanikidza, iwo mafuta anoyerera kuburikidza netambo kune iyo ramp mune iyo inodzora iri (zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemotokari).

Kana huwandu hwemafuta akaputirwa ukapfuura mashandisiro ayo, kumanikidza kuri muchirongwa kunokwira. Kana ikasakandwa kure, nekukurumidza kana gare gare iro dunhu rinotyoka panzvimbo isina kusimba. Kudzivirira kuparara kwakadaro, mutongi akaiswa mutirakiti (pachine nzvimbo mutangi yegasi), iyo inopesana nekumanikidza kwakanyanya uye kuvhura bazi kudunhu rekudzoka.

Fuel inoyerera ichipinda mupombi yemafuta uye inoyerera ichidzokera mutangi. Pamusoro pekudzikisira kumanikidza kwakanyanya, iyo RTD inopindura kune iyo bhagi iyo inogadzirwa mune yakawanda yekudyira. Iyo yakakwira ichi chiratidzo ndechekuti, kushoma kudzvinyirira iyo regulator inomira.

Iri basa rinodikanwa kuitira kuti injini ishandise hushoma peturu ichimhanya pane shoma mutoro. Asi panongovhura vharuvhu yekuwedzera, iyo vhoriyamu inoderera, izvo zvinoita kuti chitubu chiome uye kumanikidza kunowedzera.

Device

Iyo dhizaini yeakajairika manejimendi ane anotevera zvikamu:

• Simba rakasimba resimbi (rinofanirwa kuve nehusungwa hwakakwana, sezvo rakatarisana neshanduko yemafuta emafuta);
• Chikamu chemukati chemuviri chakakamurwa kuita maburi maviri nedhiramu;
• Zvekuti mafuta akaputirwa munjanji achengetwe mairi, vharuvhu inoiswa mumuviri;
• Chitubu chakaomarara chakaiswa pasi pechihwiso (muchikamu musina mafuta). Chinhu ichi chinosarudzwa nemugadziri zvinoenderana nekushandurwa kwemafuta system;
• Zvitatu zvinogadzirwa pamuviri: zviviri zvekubatanidza izvo zvinopihwa (inlet kune inodzora uye kuburitsa kumatehwe), uye imwe yekudzoka;
• Kuisa chisimbiso zvinhu zvekuvhara iyo yakakwira yakamanikidza mafuta system.

Iyo yakajairika musimboti weRTD mashandiro yakatsanangurwa zvishoma pamusoro. Mune zvakadzama, inoshanda seizvi:

• Iyo yakakwira-yekumanikidza peturu pombi inopomba mafuta mukati mechitima;
• Iwo majekiseni anovhurwa zvinoenderana nechiratidzo kubva kuchikamu chekutonga;
• Pakumhanya kwakaderera, ma cylinders haadi mafuta akawanda, saka ECU haitangi kuvhura kwakasimba kweye injector nozzles;
• Iyo pombi yemafuta haichinje maitiro ayo, nekudaro, kumanikidza kwakanyanya kunoitwa muchirongwa;
• Iko kumanikidza kunotyaira diaphragm yechirimo-yakatakura;
• Dunhu rinovhurika rekurasa mafuta zvakare mutangi;
• Mutyairi anodzvanya peturu;
• Iyo throttle inovhura zvakanyanya;
• Iyo vharuvhu mune yakawanda yekudyira inoderera;
• Kuwedzera kuramba kunoitwa kune chitubu;
• Izvo zvinonyanya kuomarara kuti diaphragm ichengetedze kuramba uku, nekudaro gwara rinowirirana neimwe nzira (zvinoenderana nekuti rakaomarara sei chitemeso).

Mune kumwe kugadziridzwa kwemafuta emagetsi pamwe nekupiwa kwemusanganiswa unopisa uri pasi pekumanikidza, pane vharuvhu yemagetsi inoshandiswa panzvimbo yemutongi uyu, mashandiro ayo anodzorwa neECU. Muenzaniso wehurongwa hwakadai iyo Njanji Yezvitima peturu.

Heino fupi vhidhiyo rekuti chinhu ichi chinoshanda sei:

Isu tinobvarura iyo BOSCH mafuta kumanikidza regulator. Nheyo yekushanda.

Nzvimbo munzvimbo yemota

Imotokari yemazuva ano umo chishandiso chakadai chingaiswa inogona kushandisa imwe yeanogadzirisa marongero maviri:

• Iyo peturu yekupa mafuta tambo ine tambo yekudzoka. Mune ino kesi, iyo regulator, kana vharafu, ichaiswa pane iyo peturu peturu. Pombi yekudyara ichagadziriswa panzvimbo yevhavhavha (kune imwe mugumo pane pombi kubva kupombi, uye kune imwe - nzira yekubuda kumabomba), uye yekudzokesa loop hosi yakabatana panzvimbo yekubuditsa;
• Mutsara usina kudzokororwa. Muchiitiko ichi, mutongi anoiswa padivi nepombi yemafuta mutangi yegasi (inowanzo kuverengerwa mukugadzirwa kwayo). Mashandiro ayo anotongwa chero neECU kana nemushonga wepombi pachawo. Mafuta acho anosunungurwa mutangi pachawo.

Chirongwa chekutanga chine zvakati wandei. Kutanga, kana iyo unit ikaodzwa mwoyo, peturu kana dhiziri mafuta anodurura muchikamu cheinjini. Kechipiri, mafuta asina kushandiswa haana kudziirwa uye anodzoserwa mutangi gasi.

Kune yega yega injini modhi, inogadziridza yayo yega mutongi. Mune dzimwe mota, unogona kushandisa yakasarudzika RTD. Mhando dzakadai dzinogona kugadziridzwa nemaoko uye dzakashongedzwa nehuremu hwekumanikidza Dzinogona kushandiswa seimwe nzira kune yakajairwa regulator, inoiswa pane ramp.

Diagnostics uye zvinokanganisa zvemafuta zvinodzora

Ese maitirwo ekugadzirisa haana-kupatsanurwa, saka haakwanise kugadziriswa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chikamu chinogona kucheneswa, asi sosi yacho haina kuwedzera zvakanyanya kubva pane izvi. Kana chikamu chikaputsika, chinongotsiviwa nechimwe chitsva.

Heano makuru zvikonzero zvekutadza:

• Chitubu chaputswa;
• Kuumbwa kwe fistula mumuviri (kazhinji nekuda kwekudarika iyo yekumanikidza chikumbaridzo kana kukuvara kwemishini);
• Natural kusakara uye misodzi yezvinhu zvinofamba;
• Corrosion kuumbwa;
• Makwara akavharika.

Paunenge uchiongorora mudziyo, zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti zvimwe zvezviratidzo zvakafanana nekutadza kwepombi. Izvo zvakare hazvishamise kune iyo peturu system kutadza kushanda, zviratidzo zvacho zvakafanana nekuparara kwemutongi. Muenzaniso weiyi yakavharwa mafirita zvinhu.

Kuti chinhu ichi chishande sosi yadzakapihwa, zvakakosha kuti utarise mhando yemafuta anoshandiswa.

Maitiro ekutarisa peturu kumanikidza gadziriro?

Pane nzira dzinoverengeka dziri nyore dzekutarisa mafuta anodzora Asi tisati tafunga nezvazvo, ngatitarisei kuzviratidzo izvo zvakananga kana zvisina kunangana zvinogona kuratidza kusashanda kweRTD.

Ndeipi yekutarisa yekumanikidza yekugadzirisa?

Kuoma kutanga injini kunogona kuratidza yakashata mutongi. Zvakare, kune mamwe mamodheru emota izvi zvinoitika mushure mekunge injini isingashandi (kutanga kutonhora), nepo kune vamwe, zvinopesana, kune inopisa.

Dzimwe nguva pane mamiriro ezvinhu apo, muchiitiko chekutadza kushanda kwechimwe chikamu, meseji nezve yekukurumidzira modhi yemota inoratidzwa pane pani yechiridzwa. Nekudaro, uku hakusi kwega kuputsika kunovhiringidza iyi modhi.

Pane dzimwe mota, chiratidzo chine kudziya coil nguva nenguva inoonekwa padheshibhodhi parwendo. Asi mune ino kesi, usati watsiva chikamu, zvichave zvakafanira kuti uzviongorore.

Zviratidzo zvisina kunanga zvinosanganisira:

1. Kuenzana kushanda kwechikwata;
2. Mota inodzika isina basa;
3. Iyo crankshaft kumhanya inowedzera kana kudzikira zvakanyanya;
4. Kuderera kunooneka kwemasimba emota;
5. Iko hakuna kupindura kune peturu peturu kana yakanyanya kuderera;
6. Kana uchichinjira kune yakanyanyisa kudhiraivha, mota inorasikirwa nemasimba mazhinji;
7. Dzimwe nguva basa reinjini yemoto yemukati inoperekedzwa nejezi;
8. "Kudya" kwemotokari kwakawedzera zvakanyanya.

Kuongorora iyo yekumanikidza inodzora pabhenji

Nzira iri nyore yekuongorora ndeyekuendesa mota kusevhisi iyo inoshandisa zvimiro zvekuongorora. Kuti utarise iwe unoda:

• Bvisa njanji yemafuta pamwe neiyo RTD;
• Zvese zvinofambidzana uye hoses zvakabatana neamo module pachiteshi;
• Iyo chishandiso inomiririra mashandiro emota nenzira dzakasiyana, uku ichiyera ese ma parameter.

Ma algorithms akasiyana akaiswa muchirongwa chekumira, zvinoenderana nekugadziriswa kwemutongi. Aya mapurogiramu anoshandiswa chete nenzvimbo dzebasa, saka, hazvibviri kuita iyi nzira yekuongorora pasina kushanyira chiteshi chebasa.

Kuongorora mutongi pasina kuibvisa mumotokari

Zvinofanira kuyeukwa kuti kwete mune zvese zviitiko pane mukana wakadaro.

• Kutanga, kuongorora kunoonekwa kunoitwa. Zvichava zvakaoma kuti usacherechedze kuora mwoyo kwenyaya iyi. Maitiro akafanana anobatsira kuona chero kukuvara kwemagetsi, pamwe nekuumbwa kwembwa;
• Dzinga pombi yekugezesa, woisa geji yekumanikidza pakati penzvimbo yekubatanidza uye pombi yemafuta. Tinotanga injini. Kana iyo kifaa ichiratidza yakadzikama kumanikidza, saka mutongi wacho ane huipi. Museve chiratidzo chinofanira kusiyana kubva pa0,3 kusvika pa0,7 atm.;
• Imwe nzira ndeyekucheka iyo yekudzosera hosipaipi. Ikoji yekumanikidza inoiswa zvinoenderana nechirongwa chekare. Mucherechedzo wechigadzirwa unofanirwa kusvetuka pakarepo. Maitiro akafanana anogona kuitwa pasina kumanikidzwa geji. Isu tinongotanga injini, kusvina tambo yekudzoka uye teerera kune iyo unit inoshanda Kana mashandiro ayo akagadzikana, mutongi anoda kuchinjwa.

Kuongorora mutongi nekutsiva nzira

Iyi ndiyo nzira yechokwadi yekuona chikamu chakashata. Mune ino kesi, isu tinobvisa chakaonekwa chinhu, uye pachinzvimbo chayo tinoisa inozivikanwa-yakanaka analogue.

Kana kuongororwa kusingaitwe nenzira yakakodzera, mota inogona kukuvara zvakanyanya. Kana isiri yuniti, saka chimwe chakakosha chinhu chemafuta system chinonyatso kutadza. Uye uku ndiko kuraswa kusina kukodzera.

Zvimwe zvinogona kukonzera kutadza

Zvimwe zvinokonzeresa zvekukuvara kune peturu kumanikidza gadziriro zvinosanganisira:

• Mota yakamira kwenguva refu, uye peturu haina kushandiswa;
• Mvura yapinda mumafuta (condensation yakasikwa mune mamwe mamiriro ekushanda);
• Chitubu chakasununguka;
• Iyo membrane inokuvara;
• Tarisa vharuvhu yakanamatira kana kusakara;
• Muridzi wemota haachinje mafirita emafuta nenguva;
• Mutyairi anozadza mafuta emhando yepamusoro (vharuvhu yakavharwa).

Kana paine chero fungidziro yekusashanda kweanodzora mafuta, inofanira kuongororwa. Sezvatakambotaura, kune izvi unogona kushandisa yakapusa kumanikidza geji (kunyangwe imwe inoyera kumanikidza mumavhiri mavhiri akakodzera).

Ungatsiva sei mutongi?

Maitiro ekutsiva mafuta ekumanikidza anodzora ari nyore. Chinhu chikuru ndechekutevedzera chinotevera chirongwa:

• Pachikamu chekupedzisira, iyo yekubatanidza plug haina kukamurwa. O-mhete yakaiswa mairi. Mune anoshanda anodzora, chinhu ichi chakasununguka uye chisina kukuvara. Kana kusawirirana kukaziviswa panguva yekutarisa, saka chikamu chinoshanduka kana iyo cork yese;
• Amburera inoburitswa kunze kwekukodzera. Kuti uite izvi, iwe unoda kapu kubva pane vhiri (mune yesimbi vhezheni pane zvidimbu zvinobatsira neizvi);
• Tevere, mutongi anotariswa mukushanda. Pombi ine geji yekumanikidza kune imwe mugumo yakabatana kune mutongi. Iyo yakagadziriswa neclamp. Injini yekupisa yemukati yatanga uye kumanikidza kuri muchirongwa kunoongororwa. Panguva ino, chiratidzo chinofanira kunge chiri pamatanho kubva pa284 kusvika 325 kPa. Tevere, iyo hosi yakabviswa kubva pachigadzirwa, uye kuverenga pane yekumanikidza geji kunoongororwa. Mune ino kesi, musoro unofanirwa kuwedzera neinenge 20-70 kPa. Kana iyi paramende isina kuchinja, ipapo mutongi ane huipi, uyezve inotsiviwa;
• Kuti utsive iyo regulator, iwe unofanirwa kutanga waderedza kumanikidza kwemafuta muhurongwa. Izvi zvinoitwa nekusunungura nzungu inochengetedza pombi yemafuta. Izvo zvinodawo kusunungura mabhaudhi maviri anogadzirisa iyo inodzora pachayo kune rampu;
• Iyo inodzora inokodzera yakanyatso bviswa kubva peturu peturu;
• Pombi yemafuta yakabviswa (kana iyo system isati yaburitsa kumanikidza, unofanirwa kugadzirira mudziyo usina chinhu, unogadzikwa mugumo wepombi nekukurumidza);
• Mutongi anogona kubviswa.

Kana gadziriro nyowani yekumanikidza yemafuta yaiswa, izvo zvinoiswa pamapombi uye zvekuisa chisimbiso zvinofanirwa kunge zvakanyoroveswa peturu kuitira kuti zvikamu zvakasununguka zvisatore kukuvara kwechimakanika.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Maitiro ekutarisa peturu kumanikidza regulator. Nzira yekutanga ndeyekubvisa peturu yemafuta. Izvo zvinokutendera iwe kwete chete kuve nechokwadi chekuti mutongi ari mukushanda kwakanaka kurongeka, asiwo mune zvimwe zvinhu zvemafuta system. Kuti uite cheki iyi, iwe uchada michina yakakosha. Iyo yekare-dhizaini dhizaini inotariswa nekupfupika-kwenguva kuvharika kwetambo yekudzosa peturu. Iyi nzira inowanikwa kune epeturu injini. Zviri nani kuita basa pane inotonhora injini. Kana iyo yekudzosa tambo, yakasvinwa kwemasekondi mashoma, yakabatsira kubvisa katatu yemota uye yakadzikamisa mashandiro ayo, saka iyo yekumanikidza yekumanikidza inoda kutsiviwa. Izvo hazvina kukodzera kuchengeta mutsetse wakabatirwa kwenguva yakareba, nekuti izvi zvinokanganisa kushanda kwepombi yemafuta. Iyi nzira haiwanikwe yemamodeli emota anoshandisa tambo yesimbi. Imwe nzira yekushandisa yemagetsi peturu kumanikidza regulator iri ine multimeter yakagadzirirwa voltmeter modhi. Iyo regulator chip yakabviswa. Isu tinogaya iro dema probe, tobatanidza iyo tsvuku kune chip chip. Iine anoshanda anodzora, iyo voltage inofanira kunge yakatenderedza mashanu volts. Tevere, tinobatanidza iyo tsvuku probe yeiyo multimeter kune yakanaka terminal yebhatiri, uye tinobatanidza iyo nhema kune yakashata gumbo rechip. Mune mamiriro akanaka, chiratidzo chinofanira kunge chiri mukati me5V. Imwe nzira ndeye yekumanikidza geji. Muchiitiko ichi, pombi yekutsiva yakabviswa, uye chishandiso pachacho chakabatana pakati peyeyakakodzera uye pombi yemafuta. Kune peturu unit, kumanikidzwa kwe12-2.5 atmospheres kunoonekwa seyakajairwa, asi iyi paramende inofanirwa kujekeswa muhunyanzvi mabhuku emota.

Maitiro ekunyengera iyo yekumanikidza yekumanikidza sensor. Kuti uite izvi, iwe unofanirwa kushandisa masevhisi enzvimbo dzekushandira dzinoita chip tuning dzemotokari. Ivo vangangopa kutenga bhokisi rekugadzirisa iro rakabatana necustomer mota yuniti. Asi mune iyi kesi, zvinofanirwa kujekesa kuti "iyo snag" ichazivikanwa neyunodzora unit sekusaita kushanda kweiyo mafuta system kana kwete. Kana iyo ECU isingagamuchire iyo isiri-standard chishandiso, saka maalgorithms anozoitwa mairi, ayo anozogadzira maitiro ekupfuura mashandiro eiyo Tuning bhokisi.

Chii chinoitika kana iwe ukadzima iyo yekumanikidza yekumanikidza sensor. Kana iwe ukaita izvi neinjini inomhanya, hazvizokanganisa mashandiro ayo. Asi kana iyo yekumanikidza yekumanikidza yadzimwa, injini haizotanga.