Additives muinjini: chinangwa, mhando

Chiwedzerwa chinhu chinowedzerwa kuhuturu kana mafuta ekuzora kuitira kuvandudza maitiro avo chaiwo. Additives inogona kuva fekitari uye munhu. Iyo yekutanga inowedzerwa kumafuta nevagadziri ivo pachavo, uye rudzi rwechipiri rwekuwedzera runogona kutengwa muchitoro iwe pachako. Ivo vanoshandiswa nevatyairi uye nzvimbo dzebasa kugadzirisa mamwe matambudziko chaiwo, tichifunga nezve chaiyo mamiriro einjini.

Zvimwe zvinowedzera zvinoshandiswa kunatsiridza kupisa kwemafuta, zvimwe kubvisa hutsi hunowedzera hwemotokari, uye zvimwe kudzivirira kuparara kwesimbi kana oxidation yemafuta. Mumwe munhu anoda kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta kana kuwedzera hupenyu hwemafuta, mumwe munhu anoda kuchenesa injini kubva kune kabhoni deposits uye soot kana kubvisa kubuda kwemafuta ... Nekubatsirwa kwemazuva ano ekuwedzera kwemotokari, inenge chero dambudziko rinogona kugadziriswa!

Chii chingaitwa kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta/mafuta?

Kuti uwane mafuta uye mafuta ekuchengetedza, anti-friction additives yakagadzirwa. Pamusoro peiyi basa guru, ivo vanokwanisawo kuwedzera kudzvanya mumasilinda, kupa kumwe kutonhora kwekukwesha zvikamu uye, kazhinji, kuwedzera hupenyu hweinjini. Mukuwedzera, zvinowedzerwa mumafuta einjini zvinowedzera kudzivirira uye kunhuhwirira zvimiro.

Mune injini inopisa mukati, chikamu chikuru chemafuta chinoshandiswa pakukunda kurasikirwa kwemagetsi - kukwesha mujini pachayo. Nokudaro, kunyange kuderera kuduku mukupikisa kwemukati kune simba rakanaka pakushandiswa kwemafuta. Friction inorwiwa zvinobudirira ne antifriction additives, izvo zvinoita kuti nzvimbo dzesimbi mujini dzinyanye kutsvedza.

Nzira yekuwedzera octane / cetane nhamba yemafuta?

Iyo octane nhamba yepeturu inoratidza kugogodza kwayo, kune mafuta edhiziri chiratidzo ichi chinonzi nhamba yecetane. Knock resistance - kugona kwehuturu kuramba kuzvibatidza panguva yekumanikidza.

Iye zvino pazviteshi zvepeturu havatengesi peturu yemhando yepamusoro uye dizeli, umo iyo octane / cetane nhamba haiwanzoenderana neyakaziviswa. Kutyaira pamafuta akadai kunokonzeresa kuputika - kupisa kunoputika kunodzima spark plugs, ma sensors eokisijeni uye zvinokonzeresa.

Octane uye cetane magadzirirwo anopesana-kugogodza anowedzera anogona kuwedzera kugogodza kuramba kwemafuta nemapoinzi akati wandei, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune yakajairika injini kushanda.

Kunyangwe zvakakosha kushandisa zviwedzere zvakadaro inyaya ine nharo. Paunenge uchiwedzera tangi yakazara, mutsauko mumutengo uri pakati pe92 ne95 peturu unodhura zvakanyanya sekutenga chirongo che octane corrector. Uye hazvibviri kuongorora zvakananga kunaka kwemafuta kubva pakuwedzera uye "kuzvigadzirira" (kunze kwerabhoritari).

Zviri nyore sei kutanga injini yedhiziri muchitonhora?

Diesel mafuta ane parafini mune yemvura mamiriro. Kana tembiricha yadzikira pasi -5 °C, parafini iri muhuturu inopenya uye inoita masumbu akasimba. Makristasi anovhara sefa yemafuta, sezvo saizi yavo yakakura kupfuura pores eiyo sefa element. Parafini inoiswawo pamadziro emukati ezvikamu muhutsi system.

Naizvozvo, mafuta haayerere zvakajairika kune injini, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kutanga injini. Pakupisa kwepasi-zero, varidzi vemotokari yedhiziri vanowanzotarisana nedambudziko rekutanga injini yakaoma. Chiitiko ichi chinogona kurwiswa nekuwedzera zvinoderedza zvinokonzeresa zvemafuta edhiziri. Kazhinji mumiririri uyu anonzi antigel.

Zvinodzvinyirira zvinowedzera hazviparadze parafini, asi kudzivirira makristasi ega kuti asanamatirana. Nokudaro, kana makristasi eparafini akaumbwa mujini yedhiziri, saka yakanyanyisa kuwedzera kuwedzera kwakadaro.

Ndezvipi zvinowedzera zvichabatsira kuwedzera injini hupenyu?

Anti-kupfeka ekuwedzera emafuta edhiziri anoshandiswa kuchengetedza injini jekiseni pombi uye zvimwe zvakakosha zvimiro zvegadziriro yemafuta kubva pakupfeka nguva isati yakwana. Kushandiswa kwemafuta ekuwedzera:

• inovandudza mafuta ekuzora epasi-sarufa dizeli mafuta;
• inowedzera hupenyu hwekushanda kwepropulsion system, uye inoderedzawo mari yekugadzirisa yakarongwa;
• inounza zviratidzo zvemafuta kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa zvekutonga;
• inopa imwe dziviriro yemafuta system zvinhu kubva mukuora.

Nzira yekuderedza sei kuwedzera kusvuta chizvarwa?

Mushure memakiromita akawanda ekumhanya, shure kwemotokari unogona kuona utsi hwakasimba apo injini iri kushanda, iyo inokonzerwa nekupfeka kweboka re-cylinder-piston. Uye kuti vagadzirise nyaya iyi, varidzi vemotokari vanoshandisa madhirigi akakosha mumafuta einjini anodzivirira zvinhu zveinjini uye kudzivirira kutaridzika kwekabhoni deposits pamusoro pemadziro ekamuri yekupisa.

Iyo inorwisa-kusvuta yekuwedzera inoshandiswa kune injini mushure mekuongorora uye kuona zvikonzero zvechokwadi zvedambudziko. Zvekuwedzera zvinodzvanyirira kuumbwa kwehutsi hwakawandisa uye zvakare kudzikamisa viscosity paramita yemafuta emota pakupisa kwakanyanya. Ivo zvakare havabvumiri kudzvanywa muhurongwa kudonha uye kuderedza marara uye ruzha kana injini iri kushanda.

Ungashandura sei injini?

Detergent additives yave yakajairika yakakurumbira imwe nzira yekutsvaira mafuta: vanoshandura mafuta ekare kuita mafuta ekutsvaira, kunyatso kuchenesa injini yetsvina. Detergent additives inodzivirira kuumbwa kwemadhipoziti, oxidation zvigadzirwa, soot, uye zvakare inoderedza asidhi inopisa zvigadzirwa.

Dispersant additives inoshanda pamwe chete ne detergents. Vanochengeta madhipoziti akanyungudika mukumiswa. Zvinowedzera zvinodzivirira tsvina uye kubvisa tsvina pamwe chete nemafuta akashandiswa.

Sei tichida antioxidant additives?

Basa guru re antioxidant additives nderokudzikisa oxidation yemafuta. Oiri yeinjini inoshanda pasi pemamiriro ekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye tembiricha, inosangana neokisijeni uye mamwe magasi anoshanda, ane simbi dzinopisa dzinoita senge inokonzeresa. Antioxidant additives inoderedza zvese zviri pamusoro zvehasha zvinhu, izvo zvinowedzera hupenyu hweoiri yeinjini.

Chii chinonzi corrosion inhibitors?

Corrosion inhibitors kana anti-corrosion additives zvidimbu zvinodzivirira kuparara kwesimbi. Injini zvikamu zvakasvibiswa pasi pesimba re organic uye mineral acids, magasi. Corrosion inokwidziridzwa pane tembiricha dzakakwirira. Anti-corrosion additives inopa kuumbwa kwefirimu rinodzivirira pazvikamu zvejini, kuderedza kuita kweasidhi, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwemotokari.

Kushandiswa kwezvinowedzera zvichashanda chete kana zvakashandiswa nemazvo. Chiyero chisina kunaka kana mamiriro ekushanda haagone kungokundikana, asi kunyange kukuvadza mota. Usati watenga ichi kana icho chigadzirwa, nyatsoverenga mirairo yekushandiswa uye chete wobva waita sarudzo pamusoro pekukurudzira kwekuwedzera kuwedzera. Imwe neimwe yekuwedzera yakadaro ine yayo chaiyo uye nzvimbo yekushandiswa, saka tanga wafunga kuti ndezvipi zvinangwa zvaunoda auto makemikari.

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