Percentage kuumbwa kwemafuta einjini
Zviri mukati
Kupatsanura kwemafuta
Zvinoenderana nenzira yekuwana mafuta einjini dzinopisa mukati, dzakakamurwa kuita mapoka matatu:
- Mineral (petroleum)
Inowanikwa nekunatswa kwemafuta kwakananga kunoteverwa nekuparadzaniswa kwealkanes. Chigadzirwa chakadaro chine kusvika ku90% branched saturated hydrocarbons. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekupararira kwakanyanya kweparafini (heterogeneity yemamorekuru maremu emaketani). Nekuda kweizvozvo: iyo lubricant haina kugadzikana yekushisa uye haina kuchengetedza viscosity panguva yekushanda.
- Chakaita zvokugadzirwa
Chigadzirwa che petrochemical synthesis. Iyo mbishi ndeye ethylene, kubva iyo, necatalytic polymerization, hwaro hune huremu hwemamorekuru huremu uye macheni akareba epolymer anowanikwa. Izvo zvakare zvinogoneka kuwana synthetic oiri ne hydrocracking mineral analogues. Inosiyana muunhu husingachinjiki hwekushanda muhupenyu hwese hwesevhisi.
- Semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa
Inomiririra musanganiswa wemaminerari (70-75%) nemafuta ekugadzira (kusvika 30%).
Pamusoro pemafuta epasi, chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chinosanganisira pasuru yezvinowedzera zvinogadzirisa viscosity, detergent, dispersant uye zvimwe zvinhu zvemvura.
Iyo yakajairika kuumbwa kwemafuta ekuzora mota inoratidzwa mutafura pazasi:
| Components | Ipesenti |
| Base (saturated paraffins, polyalkylnaphthalenes, polyalphaolefins, linear alkylbenzenes, uye esters) |
~ 90% |
| Additive package (viscosity stabilizers, inodzivirira uye antioxidant additives) | Kusvika ku10% |
Injini yemafuta ekuumbwa muzana
The base content inosvika 90%. Nechimiro chemakemikari, mapoka anotevera emakomponi anogona kusiyaniswa:
- Hydrocarbons (shoma alkenes uye unsaturated anonhuwirira polymers).
- Complex ethers.
- Polyorganosiloxanes.
- Polyisoparaffins (spatial isomers yealkenes mune polymer fomu).
- Halogenated polymers.
Mapoka akafanana emakomponi anosvika makumi mapfumbamwe muzana nehuremu hwechigadzirwa chakapedzwa uye anopa mafuta ekuzora, detergent uye kuchenesa. Nekudaro, zvimiro zvepetroleum lubricant hazvizadzise zvizere zvinodiwa pakushanda. Saka, maparafini akazara pakupisa kwakanyanya anoumba coke deposits pamusoro peinjini. Ester inopinda hydrolysis kuumba asidhi, izvo zvinotungamirira mukuora. Kusabvisa maitiro akadaro, akakosha modifiers anounzwa.
Additive package - kuumbwa uye zvirimo
Iyo chikamu chemodhifita mumafuta emota i10%. Kune akawanda akagadzirira-akagadzirwa "akawedzera mapakeji" anosanganisira seti yezvikamu kuti uwedzere inodiwa paramita ye lubricant. Isu tinonyora iyo inonyanya kukosha kubatana:
- High molecular weight calcium alkylsulfonate is detergent. Govera: 5%.
- Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (Zn-DADTP) - inodzivirira pamusoro pesimbi kubva kune oxidation uye kukuvara kwemagetsi. Zviri mukati: 2%.
- Polymethylsiloxane - kupisa-kudzikamisa (anti-foam) kuwedzera pamwe nechikamu che0,004%
- Polyalkenylsuccinimide is detergent-dispersant additive, iyo inounzwa pamwe chete neanti-corrosion agents muhuwandu hunosvika 2%.
- Polyalkyl methacrylates zviwedzere zvinoderedza zvinodzivirira kunaya kwemapolymer kana tembiricha yadzikiswa. Govera: isingasviki 1%.
Pamwe chete nemagadzirirwo anotsanangurwa pamusoro, akapedzwa synthetic uye semi-synthetic oiri anogona kunge aine demulsifying, yakanyanya kudzvanywa uye zvimwe zvinowedzera. Iyo yakazara muzana yepakeji yezvigadziriso haipfuure 10-11%. Nekudaro, mamwe marudzi emafuta ekugadzira anotenderwa kuve neakawedzera kusvika 25%.
