Kufambira mberi mukuzvimiririra kwemotokari dzemagetsi

Kufambira mberi kunoshamisa kubva 2010 kusvika 2020

Kubva pakuuya kwemotokari dzemagetsi pamusika, hupenyu hwebheteri hwakagara huchikwezva kutarisa uye kukakavara. Vagadziri vakagadzirisa sei dambudziko iri uye kufambira mberi kupi kwakaitwa mumakore gumi apfuura?

Kuzvimiririra kwemotokari yemagetsi: musika mukuru mabhureki?

Muna 2019, 63% yevakapindura kuArgus Energy barometer vakatariswa huwandu sechipinganidzo chakakosha pakufamba kuenda kumotokari dzemagetsi. Vatyairi vanozeza kufunga nezvekuchaja mota yavo kakawanda kuti vafambe nzendo refu. Kugadziridzwa kwenzvimbo yekuchaja inowanikwa neruzhinji kunogona kuderedza kunetseka uku? Iwo materminals ekukurumidza, ayo ari kuwedzera kuvepo panzvimbo dzekutandarira dzemota, anodzoreredza huwandu hwawo hwemhando zhinji mukati memaminitsi makumi mana nemashanu. Mafeni ejini yekupisa haazokundikana kuyeuka kuti nguva iyi inoramba yakareba kupfuura iyo yakazara peturu.

Kunyangwe kukurumidza kutumirwa kwezviteshi zvekuchaja kunogona kuvimbisa vamwe vatyairi, zvinotarisirwa zvichiri kutarisana nekuzvitonga pachako.

Unoda rubatsiro kuti utange?

Kuwedzera avhareji kuzvitonga

Sekureva kweGlobal Electric Vehicles Outlook 2021 chirevo chakagadzirirwa neInternational Energy Agency, kuzvitonga kwemotokari dzemagetsi kwakaramba kuchiwedzera kubva pavakaunzwa kumusika. Nekudaro, isu takatama kubva payakaziviswa avhareji kuzvitonga kwe211 makiromita muna 2015 kusvika 338 makiromita muna 2020. Heano maitiro emakore matanhatu apfuura:

• 2015: 211 km
• 2016: 233 makiromita
• 2017: 267 makiromita
• 2018: 304 makiromita
• 2019: 336 makiromita
• 2020: 338 makiromita

Kana kufambira mberi kwakaonekwa pamusoro pemakore mashanu ekutanga kuchikurudzira, munhu anogona kushamisika nekumira pakati pa2019 na2020. Muchokwadi, uku kukura kune mwero kunotungamirwa nekupinda kweakanyanya compact modhi mumusika. Yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwemaguta, ane mabhatiri maduku uye naizvozvo haana kusimba.

Kuzvimiririra kwemhando yepamusoro mukuita

Saka, vatyairi vanotsvaga kuzvitonga kwakawanda vanogona kuva nechokwadi chekuti vagadziri vanoramba vachivandudza mota dzinogona kufamba madaro marefu, senge sedans kana maSUV. Kuti unzwisise izvi, ingoongorora huwandu hwebhatiri yeimwe mota nekutarisa kushanduka kwemodhi nemodhi. Iyo Tesla Model S, iri kutengeswa kubvira 2012, yakaona kuzvitonga kwayo kuchiwedzera nguva dzose:

• 2012: 426 makiromita
• 2015: 424 makiromita
• 2016: 507 makiromita
• 2018: 539 makiromita
• 2020: 647 makiromita
• 2021: 663 makiromita

Uku kuwedzera kwenguva dzose kwakawanwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Kunyanya, Palo Alto yakagadzira mabhatiri akakura uye akakura achivandudza software yeModel S. Inogara ichivandudzwa kuti iite kuti mota ishande zvakanaka uye ikwidze bhatiri.

Zvinangwa zvenguva pfupi

Kuti uwedzere kuvandudza kuzvimiririra kwemotokari dzemagetsi, nzira dzinoverengeka dziri kuongororwa nhasi. Vatsvagiri vari kuyedza kugadzira mabhatiri atonyanya kushanda kana vagadziri vachitsvaga "kufunga magetsi" kubva mukugadzirwa kwechasi yemotokari.

New Stellantis mapuratifomu e electromotorization

Stellantis Boka, mutambi mukuru mumusika wemotokari, inoda kuvandudza huwandu hwayo hwemotokari dzemagetsi. Kubva 2023, gumi nemana emhando dzeboka (kusanganisira Citroën, Opel, Fiat, Dodge uye Jeep) ichapa mota dzakavakwa pachasi dzakagadzirwa semagetsi mapuratifomu. Uku ndiko kushanduka chaiko panguva iyo maEV mazhinji anoshandisa chassis yemhando dzakafanana dzekupisa.

Kunyanya, Stellantis yakazvipira kupindura kune maaramu ekuputsika, ayo anoramba akakosha kune vatyairi vemotokari yemagetsi. Naizvozvo, vagadziri vakaunza mapuratifomu mana akatsaurirwa kune iyi injini:

• Diki: Ichachengeterwa mota dzeguta uye dzakawanda-chinangwa sePeugeot e-208 kana Fiat 500. Iyi puratifomu inovimbisa huwandu hwe500 makiromita.
• Pakati: Iyi puratifomu ichaiswa kune refu sedan mota. Iwo mabhatiri akakodzera achapa huwandu hwe700 kusvika 800 makiromita.
• Yakakura: Iyi puratifomu ichagadzirirwa maSUV ane yakaziviswa huwandu hwe500 makiromita.
• Frame: Yechina puratifomu ichave yakachengeterwa zvizere mota dzekutengesa.

Chinangwa chekumisikidza uku ndechekudzikisira zvishoma mutengo wekuiswa kwemagetsi. Pamusoro pekuwedzera huwandu, Stellantis anotarisirawo kupa mamwe anodhura EV modhi. Iyi nzira inoonekwa kune vatyairi vemotokari: muFrance, mutengo wepamusoro wekutenga mota dzemagetsi uchiri kuderedzwa zvishoma nemutengo wekushandura, asi unokwanisa kuderera mune ramangwana.

800 makiromita ekuzvitonga muna 2025?

Samsung uye yakasimba state bhatiri

Maererano nevagadziri, nokukurumidza zvikuru kuzvimirira kwebhatiri rakachajiwa kuchave kwakaenzana neiyo yetangi rakazara! Vatsvagiri vanoshanda neiyo Samsung mhando yakafumura nyowani yakasimba electrolyte bhatiri pfungwa munaKurume 2020. Parizvino, mabhatiri e-lithium-ion, ayo ane motokari dzakawanda dzemagetsi, anoshanda achishandisa mvura electrolytes kana mufomu yegel; kuchinjira kumabhatiri eelectrolyte akasimba kunozoreva kuwanda kwesimba uye kukurumidza kuchaja.

Nekaviri huwandu hwemabhatiri echinyakare, iyi Samsung innovation inogonesa maEVs kufamba kusvika kumakiromita mazana masere. Hupenyu nderimwe nharo mukufarira bhatiri iri sezvo richigona kuchajwa kanopfuura ka800. Iyo inoramba ichipfuura iyo yekugadzira kosi ... Kana iyo Samsung prototype iri kuvimbisa, saka kusvika parizvino hapana chinoti vagadziri vanozofunga nezvazvo!

SK Innovation uye Super Fast Kuchaja

Imwe kambani yeSouth Korea inovavarira 800 km yekuzvitonga ndeye SK Innovation. Boka racho rakazivisa kuti vari kushanda pabhatiri idzva, rakawedzera kuzvimiririra, rakasimba, nickel-based, uku vachideredza nguva yekuchaja pachiteshi chekukurumidza kusvika kumaminitsi makumi maviri! SK Innovation, atove mutengesi kumugadziri Kia, anoda kuenderera mberi uye ari kuvaka akati wandei mafekitori muGeorgia. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekushongedza Ford neVolkswagen nemotokari dzemagetsi dzakavakwa neUS.

Pachinhambwe chemakiromita 2000?

Izvo makore mashoma apfuura zvingave zvakapfuura zvesainzi ngano zvinogona kukurumidza kuve chokwadi chinobatika. Boka ramasayendisiti echiGerman neDutch anoshandira Fraunhofer neSoLayTec, zvakatevedzana, vakagadzira nzira ine patented inonzi Spatial Atom Layer Deposition.

(SALD). Hapana shanduko muchemistry pano, sezvazvakaita neSouth Koreans Samsung uye SK Innovation. Kufambira mberi kwaitwa kune chekuita nebhatiri tekinoroji. Vatsvakurudzi vakauya nezano rekushandisa zvinhu zvinoshanda zvema electrode muchimiro chemutsetse akati wandei nanometers. Sezvo kuunganidzwa kwe lithium ions kuchiitika pamusoro chete, hapana chikonzero chemagetsi akakora.

Naizvozvo, kune yakaenzana vhoriyamu kana huremu, iyo SALD maitiro inogonesa zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha:

• inoshanda electrode nzvimbo
• kugona kwavo kuchengeta magetsi
• kuchaja kumhanya

Saka, mota dzakashongedzerwa nebhatiri reSALD dzinogona kuve nemhando yakapetwa katatu iyo yemhando dzakasimba kwazvo pari zvino pamusika. Reload speed inogona kuwedzerwa kashanu! Frank Verhage, CEO weSALD, yakavambwa kushambadza hutsva uhu, anoti rwendo rwemakiromita chiuru emotokari dzemuguta uye makiromita anosvika zviuru zviviri zvemasedan. Mutungamiri anozeza kuseta rekodhi yekuzvitonga, asi anotarisira kuvimbisa vatyairi. Kunyange vatyairi vemotokari vanogona kuramba vaine simba re1000 kana 2000% mushure mekufamba makiromita chiuru, vakadaro.

Imwe nhau yakanaka ndeyekuti maitiro eSALD anowirirana nekemikari yakasiyana yemasero aripo:

• NCA (nickel, cobalt, aluminium)
• NMC (nickel, manganese, cobalt)
• yakasimba electrolyte mabhatiri

Tinogona kubheja tekinoroji iyi inodarika nhanho yemuenzaniso, nepo SALD yatotaura kuti iri muhurukuro nevamwe vagadziri vemotokari.