Nzwisisa kurongeka kwegomo bhasikoro muOpenstreetmap
Zviri mukati
Iyo OSM Open Steet Mepu, ine nhengo dzinopfuura zviuru zvishanu pazuva, inobvumira kugadziridzwa kwemamepu eOSM akagadzirirwa kukwira bhasikoro uye kunyanya kufambisa nzira dzemugomo.
Mupiro uyu unotevera musimboti wakafanana nekugovana nzira ("gpx" kupatsanurwa): kuburitsa uye kugovera nzira, kuwedzera traffic uye kusimudzira hupenyu hwavo; inozadzisa kutepfenyura kwe "gpx" yako paUtagawaVTT.
Mamepu eOSM anoshandiswa nevakawanda kukwira bhasikoro kana nzvimbo dzekukwira makomo, kungave semepu kana yenzira, seOpenTraveller inopa akasiyana mepu kubva kuOSM, vazhinji vagadziri veGPS vanopa OSM mepu yeGPS yavo (Garmin, TwoNav, Wahoo, nezvimwewo… .), Mumwe muenzaniso weMOBAC unokutendera kuti ugadzire mamepu emapiritsi, GPS… (MAPS UYE GPS - KUSARUDZA SEI?)
Mumwe nemumwe wedu anogona kubatsira mukubatana uku nekuwedzera kana kushandura nzira kana nzira dzatinotora nguva nenguva kuti tidziteme mudombo.
Zvishandiso zviviri zvinowanikwa kune wese munhu kupfumisa iyi cartographic dhatabhesi, OSM mupepeti uye JOSM. Pamusoro pedanho rekutanga nematurusi maviri aya, anotanga anofanirwa kujairana nepfungwa dzekuronga nzira.Pasinei nekuwanda kweruzivo pawebhusaiti, anotanga haakwanise kukurumidza kuona maitiro ekuratidza nzira yebhasikoro regomo kuti ive nemazvo. inoratidzwa pamepu.
Chinangwa chemitsetse inotevera ndechekuratidza maitiro ekuronga kuratidza kuti zvakakwana kungopinza maparameter maviri eOSM kuratidza nzira dzakakodzera kukwira bhasikoro, mamwe maparamita anopfumisa kuita asi haana kukosha. .
IInternet inoisawo mutori wechikamu pamberi peakasiyana masisitimu emhando, akawanda kana mashoma akafanana asi akasiyana. Iwo maviri mahombe emhando masisitimu "IMBA" uye "STS", ayo akawanda kana mashoma ane akasiyana akasiyana.
Vhura Rue Mepu inobvumira nzira yega yega kupihwa STS kupatsanurwa uye / kana IMBA kupatsanura.
Nzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga ndeyekutanga kupa neOSM mupepeti uye kumirira kusvika wanyatsogona muOSM kushandisa JOSM, iyo yakanyanya kuoma asi inopa zvimwe zvakawanda.
CHIKAMU CHIMWE (STS)
Zita rekuti "single trail" rinoratidza kuti bhasikoro remugomo inzira isingafambike nevanhu vanopfuura mumwechete. Mufananidzo wakajairwa wenzira imwe chete inzira nhete yemugomo iyo inoshandiswawo nevatyairi nevafambi. Nzira yakanakisa yekuenda kumberi pa "single track" ndeye kushandisa bhasikoro remugomo rinenge riine forogo yekumisikidzwa uye, zvakanyanya, kumiswa kwakazara.
The trail classification system ndeyevachovha makomo, chiyero cheUIAA ndechevanokwira, uye SAC Alpine scale ndeyevanokwira.
Chiyero chegiredhi chakagadziridzwa kuitira kupa ruzivo rwekuoma kwekufambira mberi, ndiko kuti, mucherechedzo wekuona "cyclicality".
Iyi kupatsanurwa kunobatsira pakusarudza nzira, kufanotaura mamiriro ecyclic, pakuongorora hunyanzvi hwekutyaira.
Saka, iyi classification inobvumira:
- Mumwe nemumwe kuita zvakanyanya dunhu rakachinjirwa kune kugona kwavo. *
- Kune kirabhu, mubatanidzwa, mupi webasa rekuvandudza nzira kana chirongwa chakagadzirirwa nhanho inodiwa yekudzidzira, sechikamu chekukwira, makwikwi, sevhisi yeboka, Iyo gomo bhasikoro kupatsanura chiyero chakakosha bhenji chinokodzera kumiswa, asi chinozivikanwa nemasangano epamutemo.
Hunhu hwekuoma kwemazinga
Chiyero chekuisa, chakakamurwa kuita nhanho nhanhatu (kubva kuS0 kusvika kuS5), inoratidza mwero wekuoma, unobva padambudziko rehunyanzvi iro munhu anofanirwa kutarisana naro pakutyaira mumugwagwa.
Kuti uwane kusarudzwa kwepasi rose uye kunoenderana, mamiriro akanaka anogara achifungidzirwa, i.e. kutyaira mumugwagwa unonyatsooneka uye pasi rakaoma.
Chiyero chekuoma chinokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze, kukurumidza uye mamiriro ekuvhenekera hazvigone kuverengerwa nekuda kwekusiyana kukuru kwavanokonzera.
S0 - iri nyore kwazvo
Iyi ndiyo yakareruka mhando yetrack, iyo inoratidzirwa ne:
- Mutsetse mudiki kusvika pakati nepakati,
- Ivhu risina kutsvedza uye kutendeuka zvinyoro,
- Iko hakuna zvakakosha zvinodikanwa zvepiloting tekinoroji.
S1 iri nyore
- Iyi ndiyo mhando yetrack yaungafanirwa kutarisira.
- Panogona kunge paine zvipingamupinyi zvidiki zvakaita semidzi kana matombo,
- Ivhu uye kutendeuka hazvina kugadzikana, uye dzimwe nguva nhete,
- Hapana majana akasimba
- Iyo yakanyanya kutsetseka inoramba iri pasi pe40%.
S2 - pakati
Kuoma kwenhanho yenzira kunowedzera.
- Matombo makuru nemidzi zvinotarisirwa,
- Kashoma pane ivhu rakaoma pasi pemavhiri, mapundu kana mabhengi.
- Tight turns
- Iyo yakanyanya kutsetseka inogona kusvika ku70%.
S3 - zvakaoma
Isu tinonongedzera kuchikamu ichi senzira dzine shanduko dzakaoma.
- Matombo makuru kana midzi yakareba
- Tight turns
- materu
- Kazhinji unofanira kumirira clutch
- Nguva dzose inorerekera kusvika ku70%.
S4 - yakaoma zvikuru
Muchikamu ichi, nzira yakaoma uye yakaoma.
- Nzendo refu uye dzakaoma dzine midzi
- Mapaji ane matombo makuru
- Ndima dzinenge dzakazara
- Kutendeuka kwakapinza uye kukwira kwakadzika kunoda hunyanzvi hwekukwira.
S5 - yakaoma zvakanyanya
Iyi ndiyo yakanyanya kuoma nhanho, iyo inoratidzirwa nenzvimbo yakaoma kwazvo.
- Ivhu risina kunamatira zvakanaka, rakavharwa nematombo kana marara;
- Tight and tight turns
- Zvipingamupinyi zvirefu semiti yakadonha
- materu
- Diki mabhureki chinhambwe,
- Unyanzvi hwekuchovha bhasikoro mugomo hunoedzwa.
Kumiririrwa kwematanho ekuoma
Sezvo paine kubvumirana pamusoro peiyo cyclic hunhu hweVTT nzira kana nzira, zvinosuruvarisa, zvinogona kungocherechedzwa kuti magiraidhi kana kuzivikanwa kwemazitanho aya anodudzirwa zvakasiyana zvichienderana nemuparidzi wekadhi.
Vhura mepu yemugwagwa
Iyo Open Street Mepu cartographic dhatabhesi inokutendera iwe kuratidza nzira uye nzira dzakakodzera kukwira bhasikoro. Hunhu uhwu hunoumbwa nepfungwa yekiyi (tag / hunhu), hunoshandiswa kuratidza graphical yenzira uye nzira pamepu kubva kuOSM, pamwe nekushandisa otomatiki maturusi ekugadzira uye kusarudza nzira yekuwana "gpx" faira renzira (OpenTraveller).
OSM inopa mugadziri wemakadhi mukana wekupinda makiyi akati wandei anozoratidza makwara nemakwara akakodzera kukwira bhasikoro.
Rondedzero "yakareba" yemakiyi aya inogona kuvhundutsa mugadziri wemakatuni.
Tafura iri pazasi inoronga makiyi makuru ekuonesa makiyi maviri anodiwa uye akakwana pachikamu chinodiwa kukwira bhasikoro... Aya makiyi maviri anogona kuwedzerwa nekukwira kana kudzika hunhu.
Mamwe makiyi ekuwedzera anokutendera kuti upe mumwechete zita, kupa chinyorwa, nezvimwewo. Chechipiri, kana uchinge "uchitsetsenura" muOSM neJOSM, ungangoda kupfumisa "single" yako yaunofarira nekuitumidza kana kuipa.
Batanidza kuOSM VTT France
| Key | kukosha | zvakakosha | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nzira huru = | Path Track | X | Nzira kana nzira |
| ft = | - | Saka inosvikika kune vanofamba netsoka | |
| bhasikoro = | - | Kana zviripo zvemabhasikoro | |
| upamhi = | - | Track upamhi | |
| pamusoro = | - | Soil Type | |
| kutsetseka = | - | Surface condition | |
| trail_visibility = | - | Kuonekwa kwenzira | |
| mtb: chikero = | 0 6 kusvika | X | Nzira yakasikwa kana nzira |
| mtb: chikero: imba = | 0 4 kusvika | X | Bike park track |
| mtb: chikero: kukwidza = | 0 5 kusvika | ? | Kuoma kwekukwira nekudzika kunofanira kuratidzwa. |
| kuteremuka = | <x%, <x% ou вверх, вниз | ? | Kuoma kwekukwira nekudzika kunofanira kuratidzwa. |
mtb: manera
Iyi ndiyo kiyi inotsanangura kupatsanurwa kuchashandiswa kuratidza kuoma kwenzira "dzakasikwa" dzakakodzera kukwira bhasikoro.
Sezvo kuoma kwekudzika kwakasiyana nekuoma kwekukwira mugomo bhasikoro, kiyi inofanira kuurayiwa "kukwira" kana "kuburuka".
Hunhu hwemabhodha chaiwo kana akaoma zvikuru
Kuti ujekese nzvimbo munzira inoratidza kuomerwa, inogona "kuratidzwa" nekuisa banga pane kuoma. Kuisa poindi pachikero chakasiyana pane nzira iri kunze kwenzira iyi kunoratidza nzvimbo yakaoma yekunzvenga.
| kukosha | tsananguro | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| OSM | IMBA | ||
| 0 | - | Mavhu kana ivhu rakakombwa pasina kuomerwa zvakanyanya. Iri isango kana nzira yenyika, isina mapundu, haina matombo uye haina midzi. Matenderedzwa akapamhama uye kutsetseka kwakareruka kuenda pakati nepakati. Hapana unyanzvi hunokosha hwekutyaira hunodiwa. | S0 |
| 1 | - | Zvipingamupinyi zviduku zvakadai semidzi nematombo maduku uye kukukurwa zvinogona kuwedzera kuoma. Nyika inogona kusunungurwa munzvimbo. Panogona kuve nekutenderera kwakasimba pasina hairpin. Kutyaira kunoda kutariswa, hapana hunyanzvi hunokosha. Zvese zvipingamupinyi zvinofambiswa negomo bhasikoro. Surface: inogoneka yakasununguka nzvimbo, midzi midiki nematombo, Zvipingamupinyi: zvipingamupinyi zvidiki, mabumps, ebankment, migero, makoronga nekuda kwekukuvadzwa kwekukukurwa kwevhu, Slope materu: | S1 |
| 2 | - | Zvipingamupinyi zvakadai sematombo makuru kana matombo, kana kazhinji ivhu rakasununguka. Iko kune yakafara hairpin inotendeuka. Pamusoro: kazhinji yakasununguka nzvimbo, midzi mikuru nematombo, Zvipingamupinyi: mapundu akareruka uye maramburu, materu: | S2 |
| 3 | - | Nzira dzakawanda dzine zvipingamupinyi zvakakura zvakadai sematombo nemidzi mikuru. Zvidzidzo zvakawanda uye zvinyoro zvinyoro. Unogona kufamba panzvimbo dzinotsvedza uye pamipendero. Pasi panogona kutsvedza zvikuru. Kuteerera nguva dzose uye kutyaira kwakanaka kwazvo kunodiwa. Pamusoro: midzi mikuru mikuru, kana matombo, kana ivhu rinotsvedza, kana talus yakapararira. Zvipingamupinyi: Zvakakosha. Mutserendende:> 70% Magokora: Nhete dzebvudzi. | S3 |
| 4 | - | Yakanyanya kunyura uye yakaoma, migero yacho yakarongedzerwa nematombo makuru nemidzi. Kazhinji akapararira marara kana marara. Nzvimbo dzakatenuka dzine mitsetse yakapinza yebvudzi uye kukwira kwakasimba kunogona kuita kuti mubato urove pasi. Chiitiko chekutyaira chinodiwa, semuenzaniso, kudhiraivha vhiri rekumashure kuburikidza nemasitudhi. Pamusoro: midzi mikuru yakawanda, matombo kana ivhu rinotsvedza, marara akapararira. Zvipingamupinyi: Zvakaoma kukunda. Kutenuka:> 70% Magokora: Zvidhori. | S4 |
| 5 | - | Yakanyanya kukwira uye yakaoma, ine minda mikuru yematombo kana marara uye kukoromoka kwevhu. Bhasikoro remugomo rinofanira kupfekwa pakukwira kuri kuuya. Shanduko pfupi chete dzinobvumira kukurumidza uye kudzikisira. Miti yakadonha inogona kuita shanduko dzakatenuka zvakanyanya kuoma. Vashoma vanochovha makomo vanogona kuchovha panhanho iyi. Pamusoro: matombo kana ivhu rinotsvedza, marara / nzira isina kuenzana inotaridzika kunge nzira yekufamba mumakomo (> T4). Zvipingamupinyi: Kusanganiswa kwekuchinja kwakaoma. Slope gradient:> 70%. Magokora: Nengozi muzvitsitsinho zvakatsiga zvine zvipingamupinyi. | S5 |
| 6 | - | Iko kukosha kwakagoverwa kune nzira dzisiri kazhinji dzisina ATV-hushamwari. Chete nyanzvi dzekuyedza dzepamusoro dzinoedza kuongorora nzvimbo idzi. Kurerekera kunowanzo> 45 °. Iyi inzira yekufamba mumakomo (T5 kana T6). Idombo rakashama risina mavanga anooneka pasi. Zvisizvo, materu, materu, maembankments anopfuura 2 m kana matombo. | - |
mtb: chiyero: kukwidza
Iyi ndiyo kiyi yekuzadza kana mugadziri wematuru achida kujekesa kuoma kwekukwira kana kudzika.
Muchiitiko ichi, iwe unofanirwa kuongorora mafambiro egwara uye shandisa kiyi yekuteera kuitira kuti software yekufambisa igone kuzvidavirira kune kuoma kwekufamba munzira kwayo.
| kukosha | tsananguro | awning | Zvipingamupinyi | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avhareji | kukwana | |||
| 0 | Guva kana pasi rakaomarara, kunamatira kwakanaka, kunowanikwa kune wese. Unogona kukwira nekudzika ne4x4 SUV kana ATV. | <80% | <80% | |
| 1 | Mavhu kana ivhu rakaomarara, kukweva kwakanaka, hapana kutsvedza, kunyangwe pakutamba kana kumhanyisa. Nzira yesango yakatsetseka, nzira iri nyore yekufamba. | <80% | Zvipingamupinyi zviri kwazvo zvinogona kudziviswa | |
| 2 | Ivhu rakatsiga, risina kugadzirwa, rakagezwa zvishoma, rinoda kugara uchitsika uye kudzikamisa zvakanaka. Nemaitiro akanaka uye mamiriro akanaka emuviri, izvi zvinogoneka. | <80% | <80% | Matombo, midzi, kana matombo akabudikira |
| 3 | Mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana epamusoro, zvishoma zvisingaite, kana pamawere, ane matombo, anevhu kana ane mafuta. Yakanyanya kunaka chiyero uye yenguva dzose pedaling inodiwa. Unyanzvi hwakanaka hwekutyaira kuitira kuti usatyaira iyo ATV kukwira. | <80% | <80% | Matombo, midzi nematavi, matombo |
| 4 | Yakanyanya kukwirisa kukwira track, yakashata yekukwira track, materu, miti, midzi uye inopinza inotendeuka. Mamwe mabhasikoro ane ruzivo rwemakomo anozoda kusunda nepakati kana kuenderera mberi chikamu chenzira. | <80% | <80% | Matombo ejutting, matavi makuru panzira, ivhu rine matombo kana rakasununguka |
| 5 | Vanosundidzira kana kutakura munhu wese. |
mtb: ladder: imba
International Mountain Bike Association (IMBA) inoti ndiye mutungamiri wepasi rose mukusimudzira bhasikoro uye ndiro chete sangano muUnited States rakazvipira zvizere kune singles uye kuwana kwavo.
Iyo Piste Difficulty Assessment System yakagadziridzwa neIMBA ndiyo nzira huru yekuongorora hukama hwehunyanzvi hwekuoma kwepistes dzekunakidzwa. Iyo IMBA piste yakaoma rating system inogona:
- Batsira vashandisi kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo
- Kurudzirai vashanyi kuti vashandise nzira dzakakodzera hunyanzvi hwavo.
- Tonga Njodzi uye Uderedze Kukuvara
- Wedzera ruzivo rwako rwekunze kune vakasiyana siyana vashanyi.
- Kubatsira mukuronga nzira uye tropical system
- Iyi sisitimu yakagadziridzwa kubva kune yepasi rose piste yekumaka system inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzekutsvedza pasirese. Mazhinji masisitimu enzira anoshandisa iyi mhando yehurongwa, kusanganisira gomo bhasikoro nzira network munzvimbo dzekutandarira. Iyo sisitimu inoshanda zvakanyanya kune vanochovha makomo, asi inoshandawo kune vamwe vashanyi vakaita sevanokwira nemabhiza.
Kune IMBA, kupatsanurwa kwavo kunoshanda kune ese nzira, nepo OSM yakachengeterwa mapaki emabhasikoro. Iyi ndiyo kiyi inotsanangura chirongwa chekuisa iyo ichashandiswa kuratidza kuoma kwenzira mumapaki emabhasikoro "BikePark". Inokodzera kukwira bhasikoro panzira dzine zvipingamupinyi zvekugadzira.
Kuongorora iyo IMBA yemhando yemaitiro yakakwana kuti unzwisise kurudziro yeOSM, kupatsanura uku kwakaoma kushandisa kunzira dzemusango. Ngatingotorei muenzaniso we "Bridges" criterion, inoita seinoshanda zvachose kumakwara ekupaka bhasikoro.
