Musiyano pakati pezvakasikwa aspirated uye turbocharged injini

Iyo mota inoshanda sei> Musiyano pakati pezvakasikwa aspirated uye turbocharged injini

Iyi inyaya yave yakakosha kubva pakaunzwa huru mainjini madiki. Saka uyu wanga uri mukana wekunyora chinyorwa kuyedza nekujekesa nyaya iyi, saka ngatitarisei pazvinhu zvese zvinosiyanisa injini dzinoshuvira kubva kune turbocharged injini.

Verenga zvakare: Turbocharger kushanda.

Nheyo inokosha

Sezvo musiri mese muri shasha dzemakanika, ngatitarisei nekukasira kuti ndezvipi zvinoshuvira uye zvine injini dzepamusoro.

Chokutanga pane zvose, ngatijekese kuti mazwi aya anoreva, kutanga kwezvose, kutorwa kwemhepo, saka hatina hanya nezvimwe. Injini yakasarudzika inogona kufungidzirwa seinjini "yakajairika", zvichireva kuti inofema kunze kwemweya nekuda kwekudzokedzana kwemapiston, ayo anozoita sepombi dzekukweva pano.

Injini ine supercharged inoshandisa a additive system inotungamira kunyange mweya wakawanda muinjini. Nekudaro, pamusoro pekuyamwa mumhepo nekufamba kwepiston, isu tinowedzera zvimwe nerubatsiro rwe compressor. Kune marudzi maviri:

• Inotyairwa neinjini simba = compressor - supercharger
• Exhaust inodzorwa = turbocharger.

Turbo injini = simba rakawanda

Kutanga kucherechedza: injini ine turbocharged inogona kunge iine simba. Zvechokwadi, simba rinouya zvakananga kubva mukupisa mumasilinda, iyo inonyanya kukosha iyo, iyo yakawanda cylinder "inofamba" uye, naizvozvo, iyo inowedzera simba motokari. Uine turbo, unogona kusvina mweya wakawanda mumasirinda kupfuura usina. Uye nekuti isu tinokwanisa kutumira yakawanda oxidant (mhepo uye kunyanya chikamu chidiki cheokisijeni chiripo), tinogona kutumira mamwe mafuta. Nokudaro, tine simba rakawanda rokupisa mudenderedzwa, saka tine simba rakawanda. Izwi rekuti "boost" rinewo kukosha kukuru, isu tinovhara injini nemhepo uye mafuta, isu "tinoisa" zvakanyanya sezvinobvira mumasilinda.

Iyo 458 Italia ine yakasikwa inoshuvira 4.5 ine 570 hp.

Iyo 488 GTB (inotsiviwa) inofambiswa neinjini ine supercharged 4.0 inovandudza 100 hp. zvakawanda (saka, ne670). Nokudaro, tine injini duku uye simba rakawanda (ma turbines maviri, imwe pa cylinder bank). Nedambudziko guru rega rega, vagadziri vanotiunzira maturbine avo. Izvi zvechokwadi zvakaitika munguva yakapfuura, uye zvinokwanisika kuti ivo vachasiyiwa zvakare mune ramangwana (kunze kwekuti magetsi achitsiva kupisa), kunyange kana pane mukana muduku mumamiriro e "mamiriro ekunze". Zvematongerwo enyika ".

Injini isina hollow turbo

Injini inoshuvira yakasikwa inokwevera mumhepo yakawanda painosimudza marevs, saka simba rayo rinowedzera pamarevs, sezvo apa ndipo painodya zvakanyanya mweya nemafuta. Injini yeturbo inogona kuva nemhepo yakawanda uye mafuta pamagetsi akaderera nokuti turbo inozadza masilinda ne "artificial" mhepo (mhepo inowedzerwa kumhepo inokweverwa mukati nekufamba kwemasilinda). Iyo yakawanda oxidizer, iyo yakawanda mafuta inotumirwa nekumhanya kwakaderera, zvichikonzera kuwandisa kwesimba (iyi imhando yealloying).

Cherechedza, zvisinei, kuti injini inotyairwa compressors (crankshaft driven supercharger) inobvumira injini kuti imanikidzirwe nemhepo kunyange pazasi rpm. Iyo turbocharger inofambiswa nemhepo inobuda mupombi, saka haigone kuita zvakanaka pakadzika kwazvo rpms (apo exhaust inoyerera haina kunyanya kukosha).

Uyewo cherechedza kuti turbocharger haigoni kushanda zvakafanana pakumhanya kwose, "propellers" ye turbines haigoni kushanda zvakafanana zvichienderana nesimba remhepo (saka kukurumidza uye kuyerera kwemagasi ekupedza). Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo turbo inoshanda zvakanyanya mune yakaganhurwa huwandu, saka iyo butt kick athari. Ipapo isu tine mhinduro mbiri: inoshanduka geometry turbocharger inoshandura kutsetseka kwezvimbi, kana kuwedzera kaviri kana katatu. Kana isu tine maturbine akawanda, imwe inotarisira yakaderera kumhanya (kuyerera kudiki, nekudaro maturbos madiki akachinjirwa kune aya "mhepo"), uye imwe inotarisira kumhanya kwakanyanya (kunyanya kazhinji, zvine musoro kuti kuyerera kunonyanya kukosha pane izvi. pfungwa. ikoko). Nemudziyo uyu, isu tinobva tawana kukwidziridzwa kweiyo yakasikwa injini, asi ine zvakawanda zvekubata uye zviri pachena torque (pakusimuka kwakaenzana, hongu).

Kushandiswa? Zvinoenderana…

Izvi zvinotisvitsa kune imwe pfungwa yakakosha uye ine gakava. Injini yeturbocharged inoshandisa zvishoma here? Kana iwe ukatarisa kune vanogadzira nhamba, unogona kuti hongu. Zvisinei, chaizvoizvo, kazhinji kazhinji zvinhu zvose zvakanaka kwazvo, uye nuances inofanira kukurukurwa.

Iko kushandiswa nevagadziri kunoenderana neiyo NEDC kutenderera, iyo chaiyo nzira iyo mota dzinoshandiswa: inononoka kukwirisa uye yakanyanya kushomeka avhareji yekumhanya.

Mune ino kesi, iyo turbocharged injini ari kumusoro nekuti haashandise zvakanyanya ...

Muchokwadi, mukana mukuru weiyo yakadzikiswa turbo injini idiki saizi yayo. Imwe mota diki, zvine musoro, inoshandisa zvishoma pane yakakura.

Zvinosuruvarisa, injini duku ine simba shoma nokuti haigoni kutora mhepo yakawanda uye naizvozvo inopisa mafuta akawanda (sezvo makamuri ekupisa ari maduku). Ichokwadi chekushandisa turbocharger chinoita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera kutama kwayo uye kudzoreredza simba rakarasika panguva yekudonha: tinogona kuunza huwandu hwemhepo inodarika saizi yekamuri, sezvo turbocharger inotumira mweya wakamanikidzwa, unotora mumhepo. nzvimbo shoma (inotonhodzwawo neyekuchinjisa kupisa kuti uwedzere kudzikisa huwandu). Muchidimbu, tinogona kutengesa ma1.0s ane anopfuura 100bhp, nepo pasina turbo angangogumira kusvika makumi matanhatu, saka haakwanise kutengeswa pamotokari zhinji.

Sechikamu chekunamatira kweNEDC, tinoshandisa mota pakumhanya kwakaderera (kunonoka kudzikisira kumhanya pa revs), saka tinopedzisira neinjini diki inomhanya chinyararire, mune iyo mamiriro iyo isingatore zvakanyanya. Kana ndikamhanya 1.5-litre uye 3.0-lita padivi-ne-parutivi pane yakaderera uye yakafanana revs, ipapo iyo 3.0 inonzwisisika inopedza zvimwe.

Naizvozvo, pakadzika revs, iyo turbocharged injini ichashanda seyakajairwa aspirated nekuti haizoshandise turbocharging (iyo yekuzadza magasi haina kusimba kuimutsidzira).

Uye ndipo apo injini dze turbo dzinonyengedza nyika yavo, dzinodya zvishoma pakumhanya kwakaderera zvichienzaniswa nemhepo, sezvo paavhareji ivo vashoma (shoma = kuderera kushandiswa, ndinodzokorora, ndinoziva).

Nekudaro, mukushandisa chaiko, dzimwe nguva zvinhu zvinosvika pakupesana! Zvechokwadi, kana tichikwira shongwe (saka patinoshandisa simba zvinopesana nemhepo yeNEDC), iyo turbo inopinda mukati uye inotanga kudira mhepo huru kwazvo mujini. Zvinosuruvarisa, iyo yakawanda mhepo, iyo yakawanda inoda kubhadharwa nekutumira mafuta, iyo inoputika chaizvoizvo kuyerera kwehuwandu.

Saka ngatingodzokororai: Vagadziri vakadzikisa saizi yemamotor kuti vabate zvirinani kutenderera kweNEDC uye nekudaro kuderera kwekushandisa. Zvisinei, kuti vape simba rakafanana ne "injini dzekare", vakawedzera turbocharger (kana supercharger). Munguva yekutenderera, turbocharger inomhanya zvishoma uye inounza simba shoma shoma nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemagasi emhepo (magasi emhepo anotora nzvimbo yakawanda kupfuura musanganiswa unopinda mujini, kuwedzera uku kunotungamirirwa ne turbine), iyo inotungamirira. kusvika pakushandisa kwakaderera, nekuti injini idiki, ndinokuyeuchidza (kana tikaenzanisa mavhoriyamu maviri akafanana ane uye asina turbocharging, ipapo iyo ine turbocharging inodya zvakanyanya zvine musoro). Kutaura zvazviri, vanhu vanoshandisa simba rose remotokari yavo uye saka vanoita kuti turbo ishande nesimba. Injini inoputirwa nemhepo, uye naizvozvo inofanirawo "kuremerwa" nepeturu: kushandiswa kunowedzera zvakanyanya, kunyange nejini diki ...

Kune chikamu changu, dzimwe nguva ndinocherechedza nekutya kuti vazhinji venyu havasi kufara nekushandiswa chaiko kweinjini dzepeturu (yakakurumbira 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, nezvimwewo). Vanhu vakawanda pavanodzoka kubva kudhiziri, kutya kunotonyanya kukosha. Vamwe vanototengesa mota yavo ipapo ... Saka chenjera pakutenga injini diki yepeturu, haishande zvinoshamisa.

Inzwi risina kunaka?

Neinjini ye turbo, iyo inopedza simba yakatonyanya kuoma ... Muchokwadi, kuwedzera kune zvinokonzeresa uye iyo particulate sefa, isu zvino tine turbine iyo inofambiswa nekuyerera kunokonzerwa neiyo inopedza gasi. Zvese izvi zvinoreva kuti tichiri kuwedzera chimwe chinhu chinovhara mutsetse, saka tinonzwa karuzha kadiki. Mukuwedzera, iyo rpm yakaderera, saka injini inogona kurira zvishoma.

Iyo F1 ndiyo yakanakisa muenzaniso uripo, nekunakidzwa kwevaoni kwakadzikira zvakanyanya (injini inonzwika yaive imwe yezvakakosha zvinongedzo, uye kune yangu chikamu, ndinosuwa zvechisikigo aspirated V8s zvinotyisa!).

Pano tinogona kuona zvakajeka kuti turbo yakadzivirirwa zvishoma padanho rekuburitsa ... (manifold kurudyi uye turbo kuruboshwe)

FERRARI / V8 ATMO VS V8 TURBO! Sarudza imwe!

Spotter (GE Supercars) vakaita iro basa kuti iwe uenzanise. Cherechedza, zvisinei, kuti musiyano unonyanya kuoneka pane dzimwe motokari (kunyanya F1), nokuti Ferrari zvakadaro yakave nechokwadi chokuti turbo yaizoranga kubvumirwa zvishoma sezvinobvira, ichimanikidza mainjiniya kuita rimwe basa rakakomba. Zvisinei, tine 9000 rpm pa458 uye 8200 rpm pa488 GTB (uye kuziva kuti panguva imwecheteyo 488 inoita ruzha rushoma).

Turbocharged underspeed?

Ehe, nemaviri turbine anounganidza mafirita ekuyerera uye anotumira mweya wakamanikidzwa kuinjini, pane muganho pano: hatigone kuti iwo maviri arambe achimhanya zvakanyanya, uyezve isu tine dhonza padanho rekuburitsa chiutsi, chatisingadaro. kuva nejini inoshuvira zvakangoita.(turbo inokanganisa). Ziva, zvisinei, kuti turbine inotumira mweya wakatsikirirwa kuinjini inodzorwa nemagetsi kuburikidza nevharuvhu yebypass yevharuvhu, saka tinokwanisa kudzora kuyerera kwemhepo yakamanikidzwa kuenda kunjini (ichi chikamu chezvinoitika). inopinda mukuvhara maitiro, iyo bypass valve inoburitsa kumanikidza kwese kumhepo uye kwete kune injini.

Naizvozvo, izvi zvese zviri pedyo nezvatakaona mundima yapfuura.

Yakakura inertia?

Chikamu chezvikonzero zvakafanana, tinowana mota dzine yakawanda inertia. Zvinoderedzawo mafaro uye pfungwa yemitambo. Turbines inokanganisa kuyerera kweinouya (yekudya) uye inobuda (kupedza) mhepo uye, saka, inokonzera imwe inertia maererano nekukurumidza kwekukurumidza uye kuderera kwekupedzisira. Nekudaro, chenjera kuti iyo dhizaini yeinjini zvakare ine pesvedzero yakakura pane hunhu (injini muV-chinzvimbo, yakati sandara, iri-mumutsara, nezvimwewo).

Nekuda kweizvozvo, kana iwe uchinge wamisa gasi, injini inomhanyisa (ndiri kutaura nezve kumhanya) uye inononoka zvishoma zvishoma ... Kunyange peturu inotanga kuita senge injini dzedhiziri, dzinowanzo turbocharged kwenguva inopfuura nguva refu ( semuenzaniso, M4 kana Giulia Quadrifoglio, uye aya anongova mashoma acho. 488 GTB inoshanda nesimba, asi haina kukwana futi).

Kana izvi zvisiri zvakakomba mumotokari yemunhu wese, saka mune supercar - 200 euros - zvimwe zvakawanda! Vakwegura vari mumhepo vanofanira kuwana mukurumbira mumakore anotevera.

Exhaust ruzha Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio Verde QV Carabinieri | Mapurisa Supercar

Rendezvous pamasekondi makumi maviri kuti unzwe inertia yemota yakapfava zvakanyanya, handizvo here?

Kunonoka kupindura

Imwe mhedzisiro ndeyekuti mhinduro yeinjini hainakidze. Ferrari anoendawo kune hurefu hukuru kuratidza kune vangangove vatengi kuti zvese zvaitwa kudzikisa injini kupindura, kunyangwe iyo 488 GTB iri turbocharged.

Vashoma vanokudzwa?

Kwete ... Kana vanhu vazhinji vachifunga neimwe nzira, ini, ini pachangu, ndinofunga kuti hazvina musoro, asi pamwe ndakanganisa. Ukuwo, zvinogona kuita kuti asakwezva, iri imwe nyaya.

Kuvimbika: turbo pahafu yemast

Uhu hupenzi uye hunosemesa kufunga. Kuwanda kwezvikamu muinjini, ndiko kukura kwenjodzi yekuputsika ... Uye pano isu taparara, nekuti turbocharger zvese zviri zviviri chikamu chinopfava (chisina kusimba zvimbi uye bhere rinofanirwa kuzorwa) uye chikamu chiri pasi pezvipingaidzo zvakakura. (mazana ezviuru zvekumukira paminiti!) ...

Mukuwedzera, inogona kuuraya injini yedhiziri nekuda kwekukurumidza: inoyerera pamwero wekutakura mafuta, mafuta aya anosvetwa mujini uye anopisa mune yekupedzisira. Uye sezvo pasina huni inodzorwa pamainjini edhiziri, injini haifanire kudzimwa! Chaunofanirwa kuita kuona mota yake ichifa yakakwira zvakanyanya uye mukufurwa neutsi).

Wese makomendi uye maitiro

ekupedzisira komenda yakatumirwa:

Phil HAKE (Zuva: 2021, 05:22:08)

Iwe unonyora kuti unopotsa injini dzeV8 muFormula 1, asi vatyairi vakawana nguva yekutanga yeturbocharging, kozoti V8, V10, V12 3500cc. Cm, ipapo 3 cc. Munoona, zvinonzi chete 3000cc V2 injini dzaive dzisipo. See Laughingly powerful, ndiwo mafungiro angu.

Il J. 1 reaction (s) kune ichi chirevo:

• Admin SITE MUDZIMAI (2021-05-24 15:16:25): Chenjera hunyengeri, ndinofungidzira kuti vakashaiwa simba ... Chekutanga, havacharova magaro eV10, asi chokwadi chekuti vari mudenga chinorangwa nekutadza pazasi rpm ...

  Chero mutasvi angada kufenda zvishoma pasi pasi pane yakazara turbo pamarevs ese. Injini ye turbocharged inogumbura zvakanyanya maererano neruzha (CF Vettel) uye pamatanho emagetsi aya anonetsa kumita (uye zvakare kushoma mutsara).

  Muchidimbu, iyo turbo yakanaka muhupenyu hweveruzhinji, mumugwagwa mukuru zvishoma ...

(Yako posvo ichaonekwa pasi pechinyorwa mushure mekusimbiswa)

Nyora mhinduro

Unoda turbo injini?