Musiyano uripo pakati petoriki nesimba ...

Musiyano uripo pakati pe torque nesimba mubvunzo unobvunzwa nevakawanda vanoda kuziva. Uye izvi zvinonzwisisika, sezvo aya maviri data ari pakati peakanyanya kudzidzwa muhunyanzvi data mapepa emota dzedu. Saka zvingave zvinonakidza kugara pane izvo, kunyangwe zvisingazove zviri pachena ...

Chekutanga pane zvese, ngatitsanangurei kuti vaviri vacho vanozvitaurira Newton. Meter uye simba mukati Horsepower (patinotaura nezve muchina, nekuti sainzi uye masvomhu anoshandisa Watt)

Iko mutsauko here?

Muchokwadi, hazvizove nyore kuparadzanisa izvi zviviri zvakasiyana, nekuti zvine hukama kune mumwe nemumwe. Zvakafanana nekubvunza kuti chii chakasiyana pakati pechingwa neupfu. Hazvina kunyanya kufunga, nokuti upfu chikamu chechingwa. Zvingave zviri nani kuenzanisa zvinongedzo kune mumwe nemumwe (semuenzaniso mvura vs hupfu mupini) pane kuenzanisa chigadziro kune chakapedzwa chigadzirwa.

Ngatiedzei kutsanangura zvese izvi, asi panguva imwe chete zvijekese kuti chero rubatsiro kubva kudivi rako (kuburikidza nemashoko ari pazasi peji) achagamuchirwa. Iyo nzira dzakasiyana dziripo dzekutsanangura, vashandisi veInternet vanouya kuzonzwisisa kubatana pakati pezvinhu zviviri izvi.

Simba mhedzisiro yekubatanidza (a bit heavy wording, I know well...) rotational speed.

Masvomhu, izvi zvinopa zvinotevera:

( π X Torque muNm X Mode) / 1000/30 = Simba mu kW (iyo inoshandura kuita simba rebhiza kana isu gare gare tichida kuve ne "yakawanda mota pfungwa").

Pano isu tinotanga kunzwisisa kuti kuzvienzanisa izvo zvinenge zvisina maturo.

Kudzidza iyo torque / simba curve

Hapana chinhu chiri nani kupfuura mota yemagetsi kuti unzwisise zvizere hukama pakati petoriki nesimba, kana kuti pane hukama pakati pe torque nekumhanya.

Ona kuti zvine musoro sei torque curve yemota yemagetsi, zviri nyore kunzwisisa kupfuura curve yeinjini yekupisa. Pano tinoona kuti isu tinopa nguva dzose uye yakakura torque pakutanga kwechimurenga, iyo inowedzera simba curve. Zvine musoro, iyo yakawanda simba yandinoisa pane inotenderera axle, iyo inokurumidza kutenderera (uye nekudaro simba rakawanda). Kune rimwe divi, sezvo torque inodzikira (pandinodzvanya zvishoma uye zvishoma pane inotenderera axle, ndichienderera mberi nekudzvanya zvakadaro), iyo curve yemagetsi inotanga kuderera (kunyangwe kumhanya kwekutenderera kuri kuramba kuderera). Wedzera). Chaizvoizvo, torque ndiyo "acceleration force" uye simba ndiyo summary inosanganisa simba iri uye kumhanya kwekutenderera kwechikamu chinofamba (angular velocity).

Vaviri vacho vanobudirira here mune zvese izvi?

Vamwe vanhu vanongoenzanisa mota dzemota yavo kana kanenge. Muchokwadi, uku kunyengera ...

Semuenzaniso, kana ndikaenzanisa injini yepeturu inogadzira 350 Nm pa6000 rpm ine injini yedhiziri inogadzira 400 Nm pa3000 rpm, tinogona kufunga kuti ndiro dhiziri rinenge rine simba rekumhanya zvakanyanya. Zvakanaka, kwete, asi isu tichadzokera pakutanga, chinhu chikuru isimba! Simba chete ndiro rinofanira kushandiswa kuenzanisa mota (zvichida nemacurves…Nekuti simba repamusoro handizvo zvese!).

Chokwadi, nepo torque ichingoratidzira yakanyanya torque, simba rinosanganisira torque uye kumhanya kweinjini, saka isu tine ruzivo rwese (chete torque inongo ratidza chiratidzo).

Kana tikadzokera pamuenzaniso wedu, tinogona kutaura kuti dhiziri rinogona kudada naro, richipa 400 Nm pa3000 rpm. Asi hazvifanirwe kukanganikwa kuti pa6000 rpm zvirokwazvo haizokwanise kuburitsa anopfuura 100 Nm (ngatisiye chokwadi chekuti mafuta haakwanise kusvika matani zviuru zvitanhatu), nepo peturu ichiri kuendesa 6000 Nm panguva iyoyo. Mumuenzaniso uyu, isu tiri kuenzanisa 350 hp dhiziri injini. ine peturu injini 200 hp (manhamba anotorwa kubva kumateki akataurwa), kubva kune imwechete kusvika kaviri.

Isu tinogara tichirangarira kuti iyo inokurumidza chinhu kutendeuka (kana kuenda kumberi), zvinonyanya kuomera kuti iitore iyo kunyange kusimudza kumhanya. Nekudaro, injini inovandudza yakakosha torque pane yakakwira rpm inoratidza kuti ine yakatonyanya simba uye zviwanikwa!

Tsananguro nemuenzaniso

Ndakanga ndiine zano diki rekuyedza kuzviona zvese, ndichivimba kuti hazvina kushata. Wakamboedza kumisa yakaderera-simba magetsi mota neminwe yako (diki fan, mota yemagetsi muMecano kit pawakanga uri mudiki, nezvimwewo).

Iyo inogona kutenderera nekukurumidza (iti 240 rpm kana 4 kumukira pasekondi), tinogona kuimisa zviri nyore tisingazvikuvadze zvakanyanya (inorova zvishoma kana paine anofambisa mashizha). Izvi zvinodaro nekuti torque yayo haina kukosha zvakanyanya, uye nekudaro mvura yayo (izvi zvinoshanda kune zvidiki zvemagetsi mota dzematoyi nezvimwe zvidiki zvishongedzo).

Kune rimwe divi, kana kumhanya kumwechete (240 rpm) ndisingakwanise kuimisa, zvinoreva kuti torque yayo ichave yakawanda, ichatungamira kune simba rekupedzisira (zvese zvine hukama nesvomhu, zvakaita sekutaurirana ngarava). Asi kumhanya kwakaramba kwakafanana. Nekudaro, nekuwedzera injini torque, ini ndinowedzera simba rayo, nekuti anenge

Couple

X

Kushandura kwekutsvaga

= Simba... (nzira yakareruka yekurerutsa kubatsira kunzwisisa: Pi uye zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinoonekwa mufomura yepamusoro zvakabviswa)

Saka, kune iro rakapihwa simba (taura 5W, asi ndiani ane hanya) ini ndinogona kuwana chero:

• Mota inotenderera zvishoma nezvishoma (semuenzaniso 1 chimurenga pasekondi) ine torque yepamusoro inozonetsa zvishoma kumira nezvigunwe (haimhanye nekukurumidza, asi torque yayo yepamusoro inopa simba rakakura)
• Kana mota inomhanya na4 rpm asi ine torque shoma. Pano, iyo yepasi torque inobhadhariswa neiyo yepamusoro kumhanya, iyo inoipa iyo yakawanda inertia. Asi kumira nezvigunwe zvichave nyore kunyangwe kumhanya kwakakwira.

Mushure mezvose, injini mbiri dzine simba rakafanana, asi hadzishande zvakafanana (simba rinouya nenzira dzakasiyana, asi muenzaniso hausi iwo unomiririra izvi, nekuti unogumira kumhanho yakapihwa. Mumota, kumhanya inoshandura nguva dzese, izvo zvinopa simba kune rakakurumbira simba uye torque curves nguva). Imwe inotendeuka zvishoma uye imwe inotendeuka nekukurumidza ... Uyu mutsauko mudiki pakati pedhiziri nepeturu.

Uye ndosaka marori achimhanyisa mafuta edhiziri, nekuti dhiziri rine torque yakakura, kukuvadza kumhanya kwaro kutenderera (iyo yekumusoro injini kumhanya yakanyanya kuderera). Chokwadi, zvakafanira kuti ukwanise kuenderera kumberi, kunyangwe inorema kwazvo tirera, pasina kana kutuka injini, sezvazviri nepeturu (mumwe aifanira kukwira shongwe nekutamba nekiriniki kunge kupenga). Diesel inotumira yakakwira torque pazasi revs, izvo zvinoita kuti kudhonza kuve nyore uye zvinokutendera iwe kusimuka kubva yakamira mota.

Hukama pakati pesimba, torque uye injini kumhanya

Heano maitiro ehunyanzvi ayo mushandisi akagovana muchikamu chemashoko. Zvinoita kunge zvine musoro kwandiri kuti ndizviise zvakananga muchinyorwa.

Kuti urege kuomesa dambudziko nehukuru hwepanyama:

Simba ndicho chigadzirwa che torque pane crankshaft uye crankshaft kumhanya mu radians/sec.

(rangarira kuti kune maviri mavandudzo ecrankshaft pa2 ° pane 6.28 * pi radians = 1 radians.

Donc P = M *W

P -> simba mu [W]

M -> torque mu [Nm] (Newton mita)

W (omega) - angular velocity mu radians / sec W = 2 * Pi * F

NaPi = 3.14159 uye F = crankshaft kumhanya mu t / s.

Muenzaniso unoshanda

Injini torque M: 210 Nm

Motokari inomhanya: 3000 rpm -> frequency = 3000/60 = 50 rpm

W = 2 * pi * F = 2 * 3.14159 * 50 t / s = 314 radians / s

Yekupedzisira Au: P = M * W = 210 Nm * 314 rad / s = 65940 W = 65,94 kW

Shanduko kuCV (bhiza simba) 1 hp = 736 W

MuCV tinowana 65940 W / 736 W = 89.6 CV.

(Yeuka kuti 1 horsepower iavhareji simba rebhiza rinomhanya risingamire (mumakanika, iyi inonzi rated power).

Saka kana tichitaura nezve 150 hp mota, zvinofanirwa kuwedzera injini kumhanya kusvika ku6000 rpm netorque inosara yakaganhurirwa kana kutoderedzwa zvishoma kusvika 175 Nm.

Kutenda kugearbox, inova torque converter, uye mutsauko, isu tine kuwedzera kwetorque ingangoita ka5.

Semuenzaniso, mu1 giya, injini yedhorobha pane crankshaft ye 210 Nm ichapa 210 Nm * 5 = 1050 Nm pamupendero we 30 cm akataura vhiri, izvi zvinopa simba rinokwevera re1050 Nm / 0.3 m = 3500 Nm .

Mufizikiki F = m * a = 1 kg * 9.81 m / s2 = 9.81 N (a = Kufambisa kwepasi 9.81 m / s2 1G)

Nekudaro, 1 N inoenderana ne1 kg / 9.81 m / s2 = 0.102 kg yesimba.

3500 N * 0.102 = 357 kg simba rinosundira mota mudenga.

Ndinovimba idzi tsananguro shoma dzinosimbisa ruzivo rwako rwepfungwa dzesimba uye mechina torque.