Maitiro e mercury compounds
Metallic mercury nemakomboni ayo ane chepfu zvakanyanya kune zvipenyu. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kumakomisheni anonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura. Kuchenjerera kukuru kunofanirwa kutorwa paunenge uchiyedza kusanganisa kweichi chinhu chakasiyana (mercury ndiyo yega simbi iri mvura patembiricha yekamuri). Kutevedzera zvirevo zvechemist? ichakubvumidza kuti uite zvakachengetedzeka zviyedzo zvakati wandei nemercury makomisheni.
Mukuedza kwekutanga, tinowana aruminiyamu amalgam (mhinduro yesimbi iyi mumvura yemercury). Mercury (II) mhinduro Hg nitrate (V) Hg (NO3)2 uye chidimbu chealuminium waya (mufananidzo 1). Aluminium tsvimbo (yakanyatsocheneswa madhipoziti) inoiswa muchubhu yekuyedza ine mhinduro yeinonyungudika mercury munyu (mufananidzo 2). Pashure penguva yakati, tinogona kuona kubudiswa gasi mabhubhu kubva pamusoro waya (mifananidzo 3 uye 4). Mushure mokubvisa tsvimbo kubva mumhinduro, zvinosvika kuti ivhu rakafukidzwa nemucheka wakapfava, uye nekuwedzera, tinoonawo mabhora esimbi mercury (mifananidzo 5 uye 6).
Chemistry - chiitiko chekubatanidza mercury
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, pamusoro pealuminium yakaputirwa nearuminiyamu oxide yakasimba.2O3zvinonyatso paradzanisa simbi kubva kune hukasha hwezvakatipoteredza pesvedzero. Mushure mekuchenesa uye kunyudza tsvimbo mune mhinduro ye mercury munyu, Hg ions inodzingwa2+ aruminiyamu inoshanda zvakanyanya
Mercury yakaiswa pamusoro petsvimbo inoumba amalgam ine aruminiyamu, izvo zvinoita kuti zviome kuti okisijeni inamate pairi. Aluminium isimbi inoshanda kwazvo (inopindirana nemvura kuti isunungure hydrogen - mabhubhu egasi anocherechedzwa), uye kushandiswa kwayo sechinhu chechimiro chinogoneka nekuda kweiyo dense oxide coating.
Mukuedza kwechipiri, tichaona ammonium NH ions.4+ vachishandisa Nessler's reagent (muGerman chemist Julius Nessler ndiye akatanga kuishandisa mukuongorora muna 1856).
Edza maitiro ehops uye mercury compounds
Muedzo unotanga nekunaya kwemercury(II) iodide HgI.2, mushure mekusanganisa mhinduro dze potassium iodide KI uye mercury (II) nitrate (V) Hg (NO3)2 (Mufananidzo 7):
Orange-tsvuku inonaya yeHgI2 (mufananidzo 8) wobva wabatwa nekuwanda kwe potassium iodide solution kuti uwane musanganiswa unonyungudika weformula K.2HGI4 ? Potassium tetraiodercurate (II) (Mufananidzo 9), inova Nessler's reagent:
Nekomboni inoguma, tinogona kuona ammonium ions. Mhinduro dze sodium hydroxide NaOH uye ammonium chloride NH zvicharamba zvichidikanwa.4Cl (mufananidzo 10). Mushure mekuwedzera diki yeammonium munyu mhinduro kuNessler reagent uye alkalizing iyo yepakati ine hwaro hwakasimba, tinoona kuumbwa kweyero-orenji ruvara rwemukati yebvunzo chubhu. Ikozvino kuita kunogona kunyorwa se:
Iyo inokonzeresa mercury compound ine yakaoma chimiro:
Muedzo weNessler unonyerereka unoshandiswa kuona nyangwe zvisaririra zveammonium salt kana ammonia mumvura (semuenzaniso mvura yemupombi).
