Kuvandudzwa uye kugadziriswa kwemajekiseni edhiziri. Iwo akanakisa jekiseni masisitimu
Zviri mukati
Imwe yemamiriro makuru ekushanda kwakaringana kweinjini yedhiziri ndeye inoshanda jekiseni system. Pamwe chete nemakanika ane ruzivo, tinotsanangura mashoma uye asina kuvimbika majekiseni masisitimu.
Injini inobata simba zvakanyanya kana yakakwira jekiseni remafuta. Muinjini dzedhiziri, mafuta edhiziri anopinzwa mukamuri rinopisa pakumanikidza kwakanyanya. Saka, iyo jekiseni system, i.e. pombi uye majekiseni, chinhu chakakosha cheinjini idzi.
Akasiyana siyana majekiseni emafuta painjini dzedhiziri
Majekiseni emajekiseni mumayuniti edhiziri akaita shanduko yetekinoroji mukati memakore makumi maviri apfuura. Kutenda kwaari, maabscesses akakurumbira haasisiri kuonekwa sechipingamupinyi pakusvuta. Vave vane mari uye vanokurumidza.
Nhasi, jekiseni remafuta rakananga rakajairika painjini dzedhiziri. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa system ndeye Common Rail. Iyo sisitimu yakagadziridzwa neFiat mukutanga 90s, asi patent yakatengeswa kuBosch nekuda kwemitengo yakakwira yekugadzira. Asi mota yekutanga ine system iyi yaive muna 1997 Alfa Romeo 156 1.9 JTD.
Mune imwe nzira yenjanji, mafuta anounganidzwa mupombi yakajairwa uye ogovaniswa pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru kune majekiseni. Mavharuvhu ari mumajekiseni anovhurwa zvichienderana nekumhanya kweinjini. Izvi zvinogonesa kurongeka kwakakwana kwemusanganiswa mumasilinda uye kunoderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta. Pamberi pemafuta chaiwo jekiseni, iyo inonzi pre-jekiseni kuti pre-kupisa kamuri inopisa. Nokudaro, kukurumidza kupisa kwemafuta uye kushanda kwakanyarara kwechikwata chemagetsi chakawanikwa.
Kune marudzi maviri eCommon Rail masisitimu: ane electromagnetic majekiseni (anonzi Common Rail 2003th chizvarwa) uye ane piezoelectric majekiseni (anonzi chizvarwa chechiXNUMX). Iwo ekupedzisira ari emazuva ano, ane zvikamu zvishoma zvinofamba uye kureruka kurema. Ivo zvakare vane mapfupi nguva dzekuchinja uye vanobvumira mamwe chaiwo emafuta metering. Kubva XNUMX, vagadziri vazhinji vari kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma kwavari. Ma brand anoshandiswa kune solenoid jekiseni anosanganisira Fiat, Hyundai/KIA, Opel, Renault uye Toyota. Piezoelectric majekiseni anoshandiswa kunyanya mumainjini matsva. Mercedes, PSA kunetseka (muridzi weCitroen nePeugeot), VW neBMW.
Onawo Glow plugs mumajini edhiziri - basa, kutsiva, mitengo. Guide
Imwe mhinduro kune yakananga mafuta jekiseni mumajini edhiziri majekiseni emayuniti. Zvisinei, haisisiri kushandiswa mumotokari itsva. Majekiseni epombi aenda kuCommon Rail system, iyo inoshanda zvakanyanya uye yakanyarara. Volkswagen, iyo yakasimudzira mhinduro iyi, hainawo kuvashandisa.
Makore mashoma apfuura, Volkswagen nemamwe mabhureki ane hukama (Audi, SEAT, Skoda) akashandisa majekiseni eyuniti. Iyi iyuniti jekiseni jekiseni system (UIS). Izvo zvikamu zvikuru ndeye mono-injection inowanikwa zvakananga pamusoro pemasilinda. Basa ravo nderekugadzira kumanikidza kwakanyanya (kupfuura 2000 bar) uye jekiseni remafuta edhiziri.
KUSVIRA
Kuvimbika kwejekiseni masisitimu
Mechanics anosimbisa kuti pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwemajekiseni masisitimu, kuvimbika kwavo kwadzikira.
- Iwo mashoma ekukurumidzira majekiseni edhiziri ndeaya akaburitswa makumi akati wandei kana makore akati wandei apfuura, umo chinhu chikuru chaive chepamusoro-kudzvanya pombi yekuparadzira - anodaro Marcin Geisler kubva kuAuto-Diesel-Service kubva kuKobylnica pedyo neSłupsk.
Semuyenzaniso, akakurumbira Mercedes W123 mbiya aiva isina kunanga jekiseni. Pakanga pane zvikamu zvishoma zvinofamba, uye muchina wacho waishanda kunyange pamafuta mashoma. Zvakaipa, zvisinei, kwaive kumhanyisa kwakashata, kushanda kweinjini ine ruzha uye kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwedhiziri zvichienzaniswa nemagetsi emazuva ano.
Madhizaini matsva - ane jekiseni rakananga - haana zvikanganiso izvi, asi anonyanya kutarisisa kunaka kwemafuta. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei masisitimu ane majekiseni emagetsi asina kuvimbika pane masisitimu ane piezoelectric.
“Dzinongoramba dziine mafuta akashata. Piezoelectrics inokurumidza kutadza kana yasangana neyakasvibiswa mafuta edhiziri. - anotsanangura Geisler - Hunhu hwemafuta edhiziri ndechimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa kushanda kwehurongwa hwese. Mafuta akasvibiswa asingasviki zviyero ndiwo anokonzera dambudziko.
Onawo Ngwarira mafuta ekubhabhatidza! Matsotsi anonzvenga macheki pazviteshi
Kune zvakare masisitimu ane electromagnetic nozzles anotsemuka kakawanda kupfuura mamwe. Izvi ndizvo zvakaita, semuenzaniso, muFord Mondeo III ine 2.0 uye 115 hp 130 TDCi injini. uye Ford Focus I 1.8 TDCi. Masisitimu ese ari maviri akashandisa Delphi branded masisitimu.
- Chikonzero chekusashanda kwepombi yejekiseni. Mushure mokuiparadza, unogona kuona mafirita esimbi, ayo, zvechokwadi, anokuvadza nozzles, mechanic anotsanangura. - Zvakaoma kutaura kuti izvi zvakakanganisa kunaka kwemafuta here kana kuti tekinoroji yekugadzira yemapombi aya yaive isina kukwana.
Matambudziko akafanana akajairika kune Renault Megane II ine 1.5 dCi injini. Iyo pombi yeDelphi iri kushandawo pano, uye muhurongwa hwemafuta tinowanawo zvinyorwa zvesimbi.
Notoriety zvakare inoperekedza Opel madhiziri, umo iyo VP44 pombi inoshanda. Idzi injini dzinotyaira, pakati pezvimwe, Opel Vectra III 2.0 DTI, Zafira I 2.0 DTI kana Astra II 2.0 DTI. Sezvakataurwa naGisler, pakumhanya kweanenge 200 zviuru zvemakiromita, pombi inobata uye inoda kuvandudzwa.
Kune rumwe rutivi, HDi injini, yakabudiswa neFrench inofunganya PSA uye inoshandiswa muCitroen, Peugeot, uye kubvira 2007 mumotokari yeFord, ine matambudziko nekuwana kune zvikamu zvepakutanga, i.е. Siemens majekiseni.
"Mbudzi isina kukwana inogona kutsiviwa neyakashandiswa, asi ini handikurudzire mhinduro iyi, kunyangwe yakachipa," mechanic anonyora.
KUSVIRA
Kugadzirisa mitengo
Mutengo wekugadzirisa jekiseni system zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemajekiseni. Kugadziriswa kweaya magineti emagetsi anodhura anenge PLN 500 imwe neimwe, kusanganisira yekushanda, uye inosanganisira kutsiva kwechimwe chinhu chejekiseni.
-Uyu ndiwo mutengo kana uchishandisa epakutanga masipire. Panyaya yezvishandiso zvakanyatsoita sejekitori, zviri nani kusashandisa zvinotsiva, inosimbisa Marcin Geisler.
Naizvozvo, panyaya yeDenso masisitimu anoshandiswa muToyota injini, zvinofanirwa kutsiva iyo jekiseni rose, sezvo pasina zvikamu zvepakutanga pamusika.
Piezoelectric nozzles inogona kungotsiviwa seyese. Mutengo wacho PLN 1500 pachidimbu, kusanganisira basa.
-Majekiseni epiezoelectric zvinhu zvitsva uye vagadziri vawo vachiri kuchengetedza patents dzavo. Asi izvi zvaive zvakadaro nemagetsi emagetsi munguva yakapfuura, saka mushure menguva yakati mitengo yekugadzira piezoelectrics ingangodonha, sosi yedu inotenda.
Onawo peturu, Diesel kana LPG? Takaverenga kuti imarii kutyaira
Kuchenesa chirongwa chejekiseni, i.e. kudzivirira
Kuti udzivise matambudziko nejekiseni system, inofanirwa kucheneswa nguva nenguva nekugadzirira kwakakosha.
"Zvakakosha kuita izvi kamwe pagore, semuenzaniso, pakuchinja injini yemafuta nemasefa," mechanic anopa zano.
Mutengo wesevhisi iyi ungangoita PLN 350.
Wojciech Frölichowski
