Izvo zvinodhura zvakanyanya kuputsika
Chii chinoda kupaza mota dzemazuvano? Zvizhinji zvezvinhu, asi kune glitches inogona kukanganisa mabhajeti mazhinji epamba.
Nguva yebhandi kuputsa
Kushandisa bhandi renguva panzvimbo pecheni kune zvakwakanakira zvisingarambiki. Chekutanga, iyi mhinduro yakanyarara, chechipiri, yakareruka, yechitatu, uye inonyanya kukosha, iri nyore uye nekukurumidza kuitsiva. Dambudziko rekutanga raive kushomeka kwekushomeka kwebhanhire, izvo zvaifanira kuchinjwa kunyange zviuru makumi matanhatu. km. Parizvino, nguva dziri pakati pekutsiva dzakawedzera zvakanyanya uye dzinosvika zviuru makumi maviri nemakumi mana. km. Izvo zvakare zvakanyanya kushoma kutyora bhandi nguva isati yakwana. Asi kana zvikadaro, migumisiro yacho inogona kuva yakaipa.
Dambudziko rebhandi renguva rakaputsika rine chekuita neanonzi kudhumhana kweinjini, umo piston inogona kusangana nemavharuvhu. Kudhumhana kwavo, pazvakanakisa, kuchaita kuti mavharuvhu akotame, pakaipisisa, zvinogona kutungamirira mukuputsika kwakakwana kwejini.
Mutengo wekugadzirisa uchaenderana zvakanyanya nekuwanda kwekukuvara. Zvichienderana nekugadzirisa zvisingadhuri kwemusoro kunodhura, uko, kuwedzera kune mavharuvhu akabhenda, mavharuvhu anotungamira anotsiviwa (mazana akati wandei zlotys + nyowani yenguva kit). Asi camshaft inogonawo kukuvadzwa. Unogona kuona kuti kutsiva musoro ndiko kunodhura zvakanyanya. Iyo crank-piston system haiwanzo kukuvara kana piston inosangana nemavharuvhu, asi haina kuisirwa. Muzviitiko zvakanyanyisa, zvinogona kuitika kuti iyo yese yemagetsi unit inofanira kutsiviwa. Zvichienderana nejini, mutengo wekugadzirisa unogona kubva pa2 kusvika kunyange zviuru zvinoverengeka. zloty.
Nzira yekudzivisa sei kukanganisa kunodhura nekuda kwebhanhire rakaputsika? Chokutanga pane zvose, nguva dzose tevera mazano ekutsiva bhanhire renguva. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri muganhu wemakiromita kana makore, mushure mezvo kutsiva kunodiwa. Paunenge uchitenga mota yakashandiswa isina nhoroondo yezvinyorwa, zvinodikanwa kutsiva iyo nguva bhandi dhiraivha. Chechipiri, kutsiva kunofanirwa kupihwa kune sevhisi inokwanisa kuvimbisa iyo nguva yekutsiva sevhisi. Chechitatu, dzivisa zvigadzirwa zvemhando yakaderera. Kana garaji riine ruzivo rwekushandira mota dzemhando iyi, isu tichavimba nezvigadzirwa zvinokurudzirwa nemakanika. Chechina, dzivisa mamiriro ezvinhu apo bhandi renguva rinogona kusvetuka, zvakadai sokumutsa motokari nokuda kworudado.
Dual mass vhiri
Iyo yakakurumbira "dual-mass" kana dual-mass flywheel inhengo yeinjini yakakanganisa zviuru zvevatyairi vedhiziri. Inoshandiswa kunyanya mumajini edhiziri emazuva ano, asiwo mune mamwe magadzirirwo emagetsi epeturu. Nei tichiashandisa? Nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwayo, iyo mbiri-mass flywheel inoderedza kuzunguzika uye vibrations inopfuudzwa mberi kune kutapurirana uku ichichengetedza huremu hwakaderera. Saka, inodzivirira gearbox kubva mukukuvadzwa. Kune rumwe rutivi, huremu hwakaderera hwevhiri hunovandudza maitiro ekuwedzera kwegasi, uye naizvozvo ine simba rakanaka pamagetsi emotokari.
Dhizaini ye "single-mass" flywheel ndiyo yakapfava pasi rose - chidimbu chesimbi chine misa yakasarudzwa zvakanaka, yakasungirirwa ku crankshaft. Panyaya ye-dual-mass flywheels, dhizaini inova yakanyanya kuoma. Kazhinji, aya ndiwo masasi maviri akaparadzaniswa neseti yezvitubu zvakarongwa mudenderedzwa, uye huwandu hwezvinhu hunowedzera zvakanyanya. Chikamu chinokonzeresa kukundikana ndeye vibration damper, ndiko kuti, iyo yambotaurwa seti yezvitubu uye zvinhu zvinodyidzana. Inogona kukundikana mushure memakumi ezviuru zvemakiromita, uye kutsiva kwayo hakugoneki. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kugogodza pakutanga, kudedera, kudedera, uye kugogodza kana uchichinja magiya. Iyo mbiri-mass flywheel inofanirwa kutsiviwa zvachose, uye izvi zvinotungamira kune imwe mari. Zvichienderana nemhando yeinjini, vhiri pacharo rinodhura pakati pePLN 1500 uye PLN 6000. Kuwedzerwa kune izvi kwaive kutsiva clutch nebasa.
Zvinoita here kuwedzera hupenyu hweiyo flywheel? Hongu, zvakakwana kuti urege kubva kamwe kamwe kutanga, kuzununguka kubva kune clutch kana kushanduka kwegiya. Hazvisi chakavanzika kuti kutyaira zvinyoronyoro pamusoro madaro marefu pamusoro chikamu ichi zviri nani zvikuru pane dynamic kutyaira mumaguta ezvinhu.
Nozzles
Nhasi, majekiseni edhiziri mayuniti akaomarara anofanirwa kuita basa rakaoma kwazvo. Zvichienderana nekugadzira kana mugadziri, dzimwe nguva hazvibviri kugadzirisa. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, muridzi anotarisana nemitengo yakakomba.
Iyo yakawanda yakawanda yemazuva ano injini dzedhiziri dzinoshandisa Common-Rail simba system. Iyi inonzi high pressure rail iyo majekiseni akabatanidzwa. Vanogona kuve nemagetsi emagetsi kana piezoelectric control. Iyo yekutanga iri nyore kugadzirisa, iyo yekupedzisira yakatoipa. Kuparara kwavo kwakanyanya, sezvo vagadziri kazhinji vasingaronge kuzvigadzirisa. Kuenda kune seti yemanozzles matsva eASO, dzimwe nguva unogona kusangana nehuwandu hunosvika makumi maviri. PLN. Anenge makore maviri apfuura, Denso, iyo inogadzira majekiseni epiezoelectric einjini dzedhiziri dzeJapan, yakashandura mutemo wayo uye ikozvino unogona kuwanazve majekiseni epiezoelectric kubva kukambani iyi.
Zviratidzo zvemajekiseni akasakara zvinogona kusiyana. Kazhinji kazhinji, kutanga kwakaoma, kusashanda zvisina mwero, utsi hutema kana kuzvidzima ndizvo zviratidzo zvemari iri kuuya. Mutengo weinjector regeneration unoenderana zvakanyanya nekugadzirwa kwavo. Izvo zvakachipa ndezviya zvemhando yekare (spring), kudzoreredzwa kwayo kune kubwinya kwavo kwekare kunodhura 200 zł per set. Majekiseni epombi anodhura zvakanyanya, mitengo inotangira pa600 PLN paseti. Kudzoreredza kushanda kwakazara kweCommon-Rail majekiseni kazhinji kunodhura PLN 2,5-3 zviuru. zloty. Yeuka, zvisinei, kuti hazvisi zvivako zvose zvinogona kumutsidzirwa.
Turbocharger
Turbocharging yave kuita tsika mumainjini emotokari emazuva ano. Anenge ese einjini dzedhiziri anogadzirwa nhasi, uye nhamba iri kuwedzera yeinjini dzepeturu, dzichange dzakashongedzerwa neinenge imwe turbocharger.
Iyo turbocharger inobvumira mweya wakawanda kuti udhonzwe mucylinder pane zviri kuitika neinjini inoshuvira, uye nekudaro mafuta akawanda pakutenderera. Mhedzisiro yacho isimba rakawanda nekuderera kushoma. Injini dzemazuva ano dzakagadziridzwawo kuitira kuti torque curve ive yakati sandara mukati meinoshandisika rpm renji, zvichikonzera kunyange kuunza magetsi uye kuderera kwemafuta ekushandisa.
Turbocharger inodhura zvakanyanya injini zvikamu. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekugadzirwa kwavo. Zvikamu zvinogadzirwa zvakanyatsonaka kuitira kuti rotor inogona kushanda nekumhanya kwakanyanya kutenderera, kusvika ku200. rpm Izvi zvinoda lubrication chaiyo. Kusangwarira kupi nokupi munhau iyi kuchatungamirira kumhinganidzo dzakakomba. Zviratidzo zvekupfeka zvakanyanya kushandisa mafuta einjini, utsi hwebhuruu, kupera simba, kana muridzo mukuru paunenge uchirira.
Huwandu hwemasevhisi anobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa uye kuvandudzwa kweturbocharger yakakura kwazvo. Mitengo yakagadzikanawo pane imwe nhanho, kunyange zvazvo inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekugadzirwa. Iyo yakapfava turbocharger modhi ine yakagadziriswa blade geometry inogona kuiswa mukushanda pamitengo inotangira pa PLN 600 kusvika PLN 1200. Isu tiri kutaura nezvekutanga patsva, iyo inosanganisira disassembling turbine, kuchenesa nekushandisa kugadzirisa kit. Kumwe kuparara kwakanyanya, kusanganisira kutsiva shaft kana turbine, inodhura pakati pePLN chiuru uye PLN zviuru zviviri. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvakakosha kuziva kana zviri nani kutenga turbine yakagadziridzwa (mutengo PLN 1000-2000). Kana isu tiri kubata neinosiyana geometry turbocharger (VGT), mutengo unogona kuwedzera nekuwedzera PLN 1200-2000. Nekudaro, maworkshops ehunyanzvi chete ane michina yakakodzera anofanirwa kubata nekugadzirisa kwavo.
Nzira yekutarisira sei turbocharger kuti ifambe zvakanaka? Hupenyu hwesevhisi hweiyo turbine yakajairwa ndeye 200. km. Nekudaro, maitiro ekutyaira asina kunaka uye kuregeredza kugadzirisa kunogona kuderedza iyi mileage kusvika mamaira gumi chete. km. Kutanga, yeuka kuti turbocharger inoda kugara ichipihwa yemhando yemafuta. Kunyanya kuchembera kwemafuta hakufanirwe kubvumidzwa, sezvo izvi zvinotungamira pakuonekwa kwehunyoro mune lubrication system. Uyewo yeuka kuchinja mafirita emhepo nemafuta nguva dzose. Kana iri yekushanda pachayo, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechokurega turbine "inotonhorera pasi" mushure mekufamba kwakaoma uye kwete kudzima injini pakarepo. Kana isu tichida kushandisa zvese zvinogoneka zvesimba remagetsi, uye mota yakashongedzerwa neStart / Stop system, zviri nani kuimisa.
