Kubatanidza midziyo yematarakita

Iko kinematic uye simba rekubatana kwezvisungo zvekutakura zvechitima chemugwagwa ne trailer inoitwa nenzira yekukwevera mudziyo (Fig. 1).

Traction coupling devices (TSU) yetirakita ine inobvisika yekubatanidza michina, chinhu chinonyorovesa uye inogadzirisa zvikamu.

Zvinoenderana nedhizaini yedhizaini yekubatanidza michina, zvigadziriso zvekukwevera zvakakamurwa kuita:

• crochet (zvikorekedzo zviviri uye zvishwe),
• mapini (peya yepini-loops),
• bhora (ball-loop pair).

Iyo yekunyorovesa chinhu inoshandisa zvitubu zvecoil, zvinhu zverabha uye zvitubu zvemhete.

Izvo zvakanyanya kupararira pazvitima zvemumugwagwa zvine matirarera ma hook-and-joint hitches.

Mufananidzo 1 - Tractor couping devices: 1 - receiver; 2 - muviri we actuator; 3 - kugadzirisa lever; 4 - kingpin chivharo; 5 - chivharo cheimba yekugadzira; 6 - chitubu; 7 - furemu; 8 - dhiraivha mubato; 9 - pini yepakati; 10 - chigaro chemambo wepakati; 11 - locknut; 12 - fuse block; 13 - fuse otomatiki decoupling; 14 - chivharo che nut ye hook of the end mechanism; 15 - nzungu; 16 - mutumbi wemudziyo wekudhonza; 17- chivharo chemudziyo wekudhonza; 18 - chifukidzo chemudziyo wekudhonza; 19 - ratchet lock hook; 20 - latch; 21 - hoko

Hook hook yemotokari yeKamAZ-5320 (Fig. 2) ine hook 2, tsvimbo iyo inopfuura nemakomba ari kumashure emuchinjiko nhengo yeforamu, iyo ine kuwedzera kusimbiswa. Tsvimbo inopinzwa mumutumbi mukuru we cylindrical 15, yakavharwa kune rumwe rutivi nechivharo chekudzivirira 12, kune rumwe rutivi nekasi 16. Rubber elastic element (shock absorber) 9, iyo inoderedza mitoro yekuvhunduka paunotanga motokari kubva kune nzvimbo ine trailer kubva kune imwe nzvimbo uye paunenge uchityaira mumugwagwa usina kuenzana, unowanikwa pakati pemawashi maviri 13 ne14. Iyo nut 10 inopa preliminary compression ye rubber stop 9. Pamugodhi 3 ichipfuura nepakati, yakavharwa ne pawl 4, iyo inodzivirira coupling loop kubva pakusiya kubva pachiredzo.

Mufananidzo 2 - Towing hook: 1 - oiler; 2 - chirauro; 3 - axis ye latch hook; 4 - pawl latch; 5 - ratchet axis; 6 - latch; 7 - nzungu; 8 - ketani yemapini ecotter; 9 - elastic element; 10 - hook-nut; 11 - cotter pini; 12 - chivharo chekudzivirira; 13, 14 - washers; 15 - muviri; 16 - chivharo cheimba

Kurovera tirakita netirailer:

• bhureki trailer ine parking brake system;
• vhura tambo yekudhonza chirauro;
• isa trailer drawbar kuitira kuti ziso rekurova riri padanho rakafanana nehoko yekukwevera yemotokari;
• nyatsosimudza motokari kumashure kusvikira chirauro chekukwevera chazorora pane hitch trailer;
• isa jira rekukwevera pane hook yekudhonza, vhara latch uye uigadzirise neratchet;
• sunga turera muchigadziko chemotokari;
• batanidza iyo hose fittings yepneumatic system yetirailer neinoenderana neiyo pneumatic system yemotokari;
• batanidza trailer kumotokari netambo yekuchengetedza kana ketani;
• vhura mavharuvhu ekuvhara kweiyo pneumatic drive yetrailer brake masisitimu akaiswa pamotokari (imwe-waya kana maviri-waya dunhu);
• brake trailer ine parking brake system.

Iyo yakashongedzwa yehitch inosiyana kubva kune hoko dhizaini yeiyo inobvisika hitch mechanism.

Iyo inobviswa-yekubatanidza nzira yepivot hinge (Fig. 3) inosanganisira forogo 17 ("receiver"), pivot 14 uye bhoti. Chidzitiro chakaiswa pamuviri chinosanganisira mubato 13, shaft, bhanhire 12 uye mutoro chitubu 16. The forogo yakabatana tsvimbo 5 kuburikidza shaft 10, iyo inopa inodiwa kuchinjika yokufambisa ari vertical ndege. Munzvimbo yakasununguka, iyo inobviswa yekubatanidza michina inobatwa nerabha yekumisa 11 uye chitubu bar 9.

Mufananidzo 3 - Inotenderera drawbar: 1 - nut; 2 - sleeve sleeve; 3, 7 - flanges; 4 - rubber element; 5 - tsvimbo; 6 - muviri; 8 - chifukidzo; 9 - chitubu; 10 - tsvimbo axis; 11 - buffer; 12 - bar; 13 - kubata 14 - kingpin; 15 - kutungamira loop; 16, 18 - zvitubu; 17 - forogo; 19 - fuse

Usati wabatanidza tirakita netirailer, latch "inokoirwa" nemubato 13, nepo pini 14 inobatwa nechisungo 12 panzvimbo yepamusoro. Spring 16 inomanikidzwa. Iyo yakaderera conical yekupedzisira ye kingpin 14 zvishoma inobuda kubva kumusoro strut 17 yeforogo. Iyo trailer hitch loop inopinda muforogo gwara 15 kana keteni radzikiswa. Iyo tambo yegumi nembiri inoburitsa iyo yepakati hinge 12, iyo, pasi pechiito chegiravhiti uye chitubu chegumi nematanhatu, inofamba ichidzika, ichigadzira hoko. Kudonha kwe kingpin 14 kubva pagomba rinodzokororwa kunodzivirirwa nefuse 16. Paunenge wabatikana, chiuno chinodzoreredza chinopinda muforogo yeTSU uye chinotsikirira pasi sekoni-yakaita pasi pe kingpin 14, iyo inobatsira kuisimudza chinhambwe uye. sunungura chikwambo (joko) 19 kubva pambambo yamambo.

Simba uye kupindirana kwekinematic yezvisungo zvekutakura zvechitima chemugwagwa chinowanikwa nechishanu chekubatanidza mavhiri (Fig. 4).

Mufananidzo 4 - Rori tarakita: 1 - motokari chassis; 2 - muchinjikwa nhengo yechigaro chechigaro; 3 - chigaro chekutsigira; 4 - butt ndiro; 5 - oiler; 6 - maziso emativi echigaro; 7 - chigaro chechigaro; 8 - chirairo chinotsvedza mudziyo; 9 - chipanje chakasara; 10 - kutakura pamusoro peplate yepasi; 11 - spongy chigunwe; 12 - cotter pini; 13 - oiler; 14 - pini yekubatanidza mubato; 15 - axis yebhavha yekuchengetedza; 16 - fuse ye otomatiki disengagement ye coupling mechanism; 17 - spring ratchet locking cuff; 18 - axis yekuvhara chibhakera pawl; 19 - kukiya cam that spring; 20 - imbwa clenched chibhakera; 21 - kuvhara chibhakera; 22 - axis yechibhakera chekuvhara; 23 - mubato wekuvhara mubato; 24 - chipanje chakarurama; 25 - hinge; 26 - tsigiro, 27 - sleeve yekunze; 28 - sleeve yemukati; 29 - hinge axis

Yechishanu vhiri rekubatanidza rinoshandiswa kubatanidza uye kubvisa tirakita kubva kune semi-trailer, pamwe nekufambisa yakakura yakatwasuka mutoro kubva kune semi-tirailer kuenda kumotokari uye kudhonza kubva patirakita kuenda kune semi-trailer.

Chishandiso chinopa semi-otomatiki kubatanidza uye kusunungura tirakita ine semi-trailer. Iyo trailer yakashongedzerwa neplate yepasi ine pivot (Fig. 5). Iyo dhayamita yenzvimbo yekushanda yepini yamambo yakajairwa uye yakaenzana ne50,8 ± 0,1 mm.

Mufananidzo 5 - Semi-trailer kingpin yekubatanidza netirakita yechishanu vhiri rekubatanidza

Yechishanu vhiri rekubatanidza (Fig. 4) inoiswa pafuremu yetirakita yerori uchishandisa mabhuraketi maviri 3 akabatanidzwa nenhengo yemuchinjikwa 2. Mabhuraketi 3 ane makumbo ayo anogadzikwa chigaro pachishandiswa hinges mbiri 25, inova ndiro yepasi. 10 ine maviri mativi protrusions 6.

Meso epadivi 6 echigaro chechigaro akabatana zvakasimba nematemo 29 emahinji 25, ayo anopa kumwe kurerekera kwechigaro mundege refu. Axles 29 inotenderera yakasununguka mu rubber-metal bushings 27 uye 28. Iyi sarudzo inopa imwe nguva yakareba yakareba ye semi-trailer panguva yekufamba, pamwe chete nekutenderera kuduku (kusvika ku3º), zvinoreva kuti inoderedza mitoro ine simba inoparadzirwa ne. iyo turera semi-trailer kune tarakita furemu. Shafts 29 inodzivirirwa kubva kune axial kufamba nekukiya ma plates 4. Oiler 5 yakaiswa pane shaft uye chiteshi chinogadzirwa chekupa lubricant kune rabha uye simbi bushings 27.

Pasi pechigadziko cheplate 10 yechigaro pane nzira yekubatanidza. Iyo ine mabatiro maviri 9 uye 24 ("sponji"), yekuvhara mubato 21 ine hunde uye chitubu 19, latch ine chitubu 17, yekuvhura yekudzora lever 23 uye otomatiki decoupling fuse 16 yakagadziriswa pahwaro ndiro 10. uchishandisa mapini 11 uye anogona kutenderera achitenderedza, achitora nzvimbo mbiri dzakanyanyisa (yakavhurika kana yakavharwa). Iyo yekuvhara mubato 21 zvakare ine mbiri yakanyanyisa zvinzvimbo: kumashure - zvibato zvakavharwa, kumberi - zvibato zvakavhurika. Chitubu 19 chetsvimbo chinopesana nekufamba kwemubato 21 kune chinzvimbo chemberi. Chibhakera chinokiyiwa 21 chinosvetukira pabhara rinozviputika 16. Saka.

Iyo fusible tsvimbo 16 yakaiswa paaxis 15 ine mukana wekutenderera kwayo kugadzirisa kana kusunungura tsvimbo.

Usati wabatanidza tirakita kune turera, iyo otomatiki yekuburitsa yekuchengetedza bar inoiswa kune "isina kukiiwa" chinzvimbo, iyo inoburitsa mubato wekurova bara.

Kuti ubaye tirakita nesemi-trailer, tendeutsa chinobata chinobata chirevere pamberi munzira yekufamba kwemotokari. Muchiitiko ichi, mubato wekuvhara uchange wakavharwa munzvimbo yepamberi neine latch. Mutyairi anogadzika tirakita nenzira yekuti semi-trailer kingpin inopfuura pakati pemakona echigaro uye zvakare pakati pezvibato. Sezvo mubato wakasungirirwa panzvimbo yakakochekerwa, pini yamambo painopinzwa mugoronga rezvibato, mibato inozaruka.

Chibhakera chinosunungurwa kubva pakugadzirisa nemucheka, chinozorora nemusana wayo pamusoro pekubata uye inovabata munzvimbo yakazaruka. Nekumwe kufambisa kwechikamu chekumashure chetarakita, kingpin inobata pazvibato nenzira yekuti inovhara, uye mubato, pasi pechiito chechitubu, unopinda mumakona emakona ezvibato uye unotora nzvimbo yekumashure, iyo. inochengetedza kukiya kwayo kwakavimbika. Mushure mekuvhara kwakaitika, zvinodikanwa kugadzirisa tsvimbo yekutanga nekushandura iyo yekuzvivhura fuse bar kune "yakavharwa" chinzvimbo.

Kuti utange kufamba ne semi-trailer, mutyairi anofanira: kusimudza rollers (kana cylinders) ye semi-trailer inotsigira mudziyo; batanidza misoro yepneumatic system yetirakita uye semi-trailer; batanidza tambo dzemagetsi; disengge trailer parking brake

Asati asunungura chitima chemumugwagwa, mutyairi anobhureki semi-trailer ine mabhureki ekupaka, anodzikisa ma roller (kana masilinda) emudziyo unotsigira, anobvisa misoro yekubatanidza yepneumatic system nemapulagi etambo dzemagetsi.

Kuti udzivise, zvinodikanwa kushandura fuse bar uye disengagement control lever zvakare, mushure mezvo, mugiya rekutanga, fambisa zvakanaka tirakita mberi. Sezvo trunnion ichizoendeswa kunzvimbo yekumberi uye yakavharwa nelatch, trailer kingpin inobuda zvakasununguka kubva pazvibato zvekupeta.

Kuti uwedzere kutakura kutakura kwechitima chemugwagwa, mapfupi telescopic coupling zvishandiso anoshandiswa, iyo musimboti wekushanda unobva pakudzikisa kureba pakati petirakita netirakita panguva yekufamba kwerectilinear uye kuwedzera iyo painokona uye kufambisa.

Kuwedzera kwekutakura kwekutakura kwezvitima zvemugwagwa kunobatanidzwa nekuwedzera kwenhamba yeaxles uye kureba kwavo. Nekudaro, izvi zvinokonzeresa kudzikira mukufambiswa kwechitima chemumugwagwa uye nekukasira kupfeka matayi.

Kushandiswa kwemavhiri maekisero uye mavhiri maekisero kunoderedza kusaipa uku. Izvo zviri nyore mukugadzira uye zvinoda kuderera kwekugadzira nekugadzirisa mari.

Mune maviri- uye matatu-axle semi-trailer, axle yekumashure inotenderera pasi pechiito chezvikamu zvepashure zvemaitiro emugwagwa kumavhiri ayo kana uchitendeuka.

Maekisero akataurwa anowedzera kureba kwekurodha uye pakati pesimba regiravhiti resemi-trailer. Naizvozvo, maekisero ane mavhiri anozvigadzirisa ave akapararira.