Synchronous mota test drive: zvinorevei?

Mota dzemagetsi dzichiri dzakafukidzwa nekuvandudzwa kwebhatiri

Iko kukurumidza kukura kweiyo hybrid powertrains uye kufambira mberi kusati kwamboitika mumakore achangopfuura mumunda wemotokari dzemagetsi ndizvo zvakanyanya kukosheswa kwekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji tekinoroji. Ivo vanoda hukuru zviwanikwa kubva kune vanogadzira uye ndiro dambudziko rakakura kune vagadziri. Nekudaro, munhu haafanire kurerutsa chokwadi chekuti kufambira mberi mukuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji-ion matekinoroji inofambidzana nekufambira mberi kwakakosha mumunda wesimba rekugadzirisa magetsi emagetsi nemagetsi emagetsi. Zvakazoitika kuti kunyangwe magetsi emagetsi ane hunyanzvi hwekuita, ivo vane rakakomba munda wekusimudzira.

Vagadziri vanotarisira kuti indasitiri iyi ikure pamwero wakanyanya, kwete chete nekuti mota dzemagetsi dzave kuwanda, asiwo nekuti magetsi emota anopisa-moto chinhu chakakosha pamatanho ekubuda akaiswa muEuropean Union.

Kunyangwe iyo mota yemagetsi ine nhoroondo yekare, nhasi vagadziri vanosangana nematambudziko matsva. Magetsi emagetsi, zvichienderana nechinangwa, anogona kunge aine dhizaini dhizaini uye hombe dhayamita kana diki dhayamita uye muviri murefu. Maitiro avo mumotokari yakachena yemagetsi anosiyana neayo emahybrids, uko kupisa kunogadzirwa neinjini yemoto yemukati inofanirwa kutarisirwa. Kune mota dzemagetsi, iyo yekumhanyisa renji yakafararira, uye iwo akaiswa mune yakafanana hybrid system mukutapurirana inofanirwa kuve yakagadziriswa kuti ishande mukati meyekumhanya huwandu hweinjini yemoto. Mazhinji michina inomhanya pamhepo yakakura, asi 48-volt michina yemagetsi ichawedzera uye kufarirwa.

Nei AC motors

Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti sosi yemagetsi mumunhu webhatiri iri yazvino, vagadziri vegadziriro yemagetsi parizvino havafunge nezvekushandisa DC magetsi emagetsi. Kunyangwe nekurasikirwa kwekushandurwa, AC zvikamu, kunyanya zvinowirirana, zvinopfuurisa DC zvikamu. Asi zvinorevei mota inowirirana kana asynchronous? Isu tichakuzivisa iwe kune ino chikamu chenyika yemotokari, nekuti nepo mota dzemagetsi dzakagara dziripo mumotokari muchimiro chekutanga uye dzimwe, matekinoroji matsva akaziviswa munguva pfupi yapfuura munzvimbo ino.

Toyota, GM uye BMW ikozvino vamwe vevashoma vagadziri vakatora kusimudzira nekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi ivo pachavo. Kunyangwe kambani yeToyota Lexus inopa michina iyi kune imwe kambani, Aisin yekuJapan. Mazhinji makambani anovimba nevatengesi vakaita seZF Sachs, Siemens, Bosch, Zytec kana makambani ekuChina. Zviripachena, kukurumidza kukurumidza kwebhizinesi iri kunobvumira makambani akadaro kuti abatsirwe nekudyidzana nevagadziri vemotokari. Kana iri yetekinoroji yezvinhu, mazuva ano, kune zvinodiwa zvemotokari dzemagetsi uye mahybrids, AC synchronous motors ine yekunze kana yemukati rotor inonyanya kushandiswa.

Iko kugona kunyatso shandura DC mabhatiri kuita matatu-chikamu AC uye zvinopesana zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekufambira mberi mukutonga tekinoroji. Nekudaro, izvozvi nhanho mumagetsi emagetsi zvinosvika pamatanho zvakapetwa zvakapetwa pane izvo zvinowanikwa mumagetsi network yemumba, uye kazhinji zvinopfuura ma150 amperes. Izvi zvinogadzira kupisa kwakawanda uko magetsi emagetsi anosangana nawo. Parizvino, vhoriyamu yemagetsi ekudzora michina ichiri yakakura nekuti zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi semiconductor zvekudzivirira hazvigone kudzikiswa nematsenga wand.

Ose ari maviri anoenderana uye asynchronous mota imhando yeinotenderera magineti emagetsi emagetsi ane simba repamusoro density. Kazhinji, rotor ye induction mota ine yakapfava pasuru yemashiti akasimba ane mapfupi-anotenderera mamhepo. Ikozvino inoyerera mu stator windings mumativi maviri akatarisana, ane ikozvino kubva kune imwe yezvikamu zvitatu inoyerera mupeyi imwe neimwe. Sezvo mune imwe neimwe yadzo inoshandurwa muchikamu ne120 degrees maererano kune imwe, iyo inonzi inotenderera magnetic field inowanikwa. Izvi, zvakare, zvinokonzera simba remagineti mu rotor, uye kupindirana pakati pemagineti maviri - kutenderera mu stator uye magnetic field ye rotor, inotungamirira mukupinza kwekupedzisira uye kutenderera kunotevera. Zvisinei, mumhando iyi yemotokari yemagetsi, rotor nguva dzose inosara shure kwemunda nokuti kana pasina hukama huripo pakati pemunda uye rotor, haizogadziri magnetic field mu rotor. Nokudaro, chiyero chepamusoro-soro chinotarirwa nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekugovera ikozvino uye mutoro. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekushanda kwepamusoro kweanoenderana motors, vagadziri vazhinji vanonamatira navo.

Mota dzinoenderana

Aya mayuniti ane hunyanzvi hwakanyanya kushanda uye kuwanda kwesimba. Musiyano wakakosha kubva kune induction mota ndeyekuti iyo magnetic field mune rotor haina kugadzirwa nekudyidzana neiyo stator, asi imhedzisiro yeiyo yazvino kuyerera kuburikidza neakawedzera mavhiri akaiswamo, kana magineti anogara aripo. Nekudaro, iyo munda mune iyo rotor uye iyo munda mune stator inowirirana, uye iyo yekumusoro mota kumhanya zvakare kunoenderana nekutenderera kwemunda, zvichiteerana, pahuwandu hwazvino uye mutoro. Kuti udzivise kudiwa kwekuwedzera magetsi kumhepo, izvo zvinowedzera simba rekushandisa uye zvinomomesa mutemo wezvino mumotokari dzemagetsi dzemazuva ano uye mamodheru emahybrid, mota dzemagetsi dzine inonzi yekungogarisa nguva dzose dzinoshandiswa, i.e. pamwe zvachose magnets a. Sezvambotaurwa, vangangoita vese vagadziri vemota dzakadai parizvino vanoshandisa zvikamu zverudzi urwu, saka, sekureva kwenyanzvi zhinji, pacharamba paine dambudziko nekushomeka kwezvinhu zvinodhura zvisingawanzo pasi zvinhu neodymium uye dysprosium. Synchronous motors anouya akasiyana akasiyana uye akasanganiswa tekinoroji mhinduro senge BMW kana GM, asi isu tichakuudza zvakawanda nezvazvo.

Kuvakwa

Injini dzemotokari dzemagetsi chaidzo dzinowanzobatanidzwa zvakananga kune dhiraivha axle musiyano uye simba rinoendeswa kumavhiri kuburikidza neaxle shafts, kuderedza mechani yekurasikirwa kwekurasikirwa. Nekurongeka uku pasi pevhu, nzvimbo yepakati yegiravhiti yakaderedzwa uye iyo yakazara block dhizaini inova yakawanda compact. Mamiriro acho akasiyana zvachose nemagadzirirwo emhando dzakasanganiswa. Kune mahybrids akazara akadai senge single modhi (Toyota neLexus) uye mbiri modhi (Chevrolet Tahoe), mota dzemagetsi dzakabatanidzwa neimwe nzira kune magiya epuraneti muiyo hybrid drivetrain, mune iyo nyaya compactness inoda kuti dhizaini yavo ive yakareba uye idiki mukati. dhayamita. Mune emhando yepamusoro mahybrids, compact zvinodiwa zvinoreva kuti gungano rinokwana pakati peflywheel negiya bhokisi rine dhayamita rakakura uye rakati sandara, nevagadziri vakaita seBosch neZF Sachs vachitovimba nedhisiki-yakaita rotor dhizaini. Kune zvakare misiyano ye rotor - nepo muLexus LS 600h chinhu chinotenderera chiri mukati, mune mamwe maMercedes mamodheru rotor inotenderera iri kunze. Iyo yekupedzisira dhizaini zvakare yakanyanya nyore mumamiriro ezvinhu apo magetsi emagetsi akaiswa mumavhiri hubs.

Chinyorwa: Georgy Kolev