Kutanga-kumisa system - inobata sei zvikamu zveinjini zvega mukushandiswa kwemazuva ese?

Mota dzine injini dzekutanga-dzinomira dzave chiyero chemotokari dzevafambi nekuda kwekuwedzera kuomesera emission mirau muEurope. Inoshanda nekudzima dhiraivha, semuenzaniso, pamarobhoti, ayo, sekureva kwevagadziri, anofanirwa kukanganisa hupfumi hwemafuta uye kuderedza kuburitswa kweanokuvadza gasi rinopisa mumhepo. Paunosarudza kutenga motokari nehurongwa uhwu, zvakakosha kufunga nezvese mabhenefiti ekuve nawo uye matambudziko anogona kuitika ane chekuita nekushandiswa kwemazuva ese.

 Sei kushanda?

Mushure mokumisa motokari, kusarudza backlash uye kusunungura clutch, simba rayo rinobva radzimwa. Injini inotangazve kana clutch pedal yakaora mwoyo (pamotokari dzine manyorerwo ekufambisa) kana accelerator pedal pamotokari dzine automatic transmission. Iyo yekutanga-stop system ine basa rekubatsira uye mutyairi anogona kuidzima chero nguva.

Ne tribological load

Netsanangudzo, tribological loading imhando yekupfeka inokonzerwa nekukweshana kwemaitiro, umo hukuru, chimiro uye chimiro chechimiro chepamusoro pezvikamu zvekusangana zvinoshanduka. Kusimba kwekupfeka kwetribological kunoenderana nekupokana kwenzvimbo dzekukwesha dzezvikamu zvepasi uye rudzi rwekudyidzana. Zvakawanda zvekutsanangura. Asi izvi zvine hukama sei nekushanda kwekutanga-kumisa system uye nemhedzisiro yayo painjini yemotokari?

Imwe yemhedzisiro isingafadzike yekugaromira uye kutanga ndeye tribological mutoro wakabatana nekukwesha maitiro pakati peinjini imwe neimwe zvikamu. Aya ndiwo anonyanya kutakura ecamshaft uye kuenzanisa shaft, iyo inonzi balancer (kana yakaiswa pane chaiyo drive), main bearings, yekubatanidza tsvimbo uye piston piston. Nguva imwe neimwe injini inotangwa, kwechikamu chechipiri pane kusangana kwakananga pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvejini (simbi-ku-simbi), panguva iyo kusangana kukuru kunoitika - kunyange kusvika ku75 muzana. injini kupfeka uye kukanganisa kwakabatana. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti panzvimbo yekubatana zvakananga nezvikamu zvejini pane yakanyanyisa nhete yefirimu yemafuta, iyo nyanzvi dzinodaidza muganhu we lubricating layer. Kuti unzwisise zvizere kukura kwedambudziko, zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti mhinduro dzakajairwa dzinopa kutenderera kwe50 yekubatidza uye kuvhara mukati mehupenyu hwese hwemotokari, asi mumotokari ine yekutanga-yekumira system kukosha uku kunogona kutopfuura 000. kumusoro, vagadziri vekutanga-kumisa system nerufaro vakafanoona mamiriro ezvinhu umo injini isingadzime yega. Iyo komputa yekudzora haizoidzima kana tembiricha yekushanda yakaderera. Zvimwe chetezvo ndezvechokwadi kana tembiricha yakanyanyisa. Kune rumwe rutivi, mumotokari dzine turbocharger, iyo system haizodzimi motokari kana ichipisa (somuenzaniso, mushure mekufamba kune simba). Injini inozodzima mushure mechinguvana kana painomira inotevera.

Nanotechnology yekununura

Yakananga simbi-kune-metal kuonana haisi iyo yega dambudziko neinjini dzinomira uye kutangwa patsva uchishandisa yekutanga-kumisa system. Kakawanda kumira kwechikwata chemotokari kunokonzera kuti mafuta adonhe mu sump, dambudziko iriwo kupisa kwakanyanya kwemafuta, i.e. mune yayo yakakwirira viscosity kubva pakutanga kweinjini kusvikira iyo yekupedzisira inosvika kune yakakodzera tembiricha yekushandisa. Kudzikisira kukweshera kune ngozi kunomisa hupenyu hwedhiraivha unit, akanakisa akayerwa einjini oiri anofanira kushandiswa. Imwe mazano munyaya iyi inonzi Nanodrive Oils, iyo yakabudirira kushandiswa mumotokari dzepamusoro kwemakore akawanda. Ko ivo vakasiyana sei nevechivanhu vavo? Mafuta aya anonyanya kuve nezvikamu zvinoumba yakaderera friction coating pamativi esimbi einjini. Ihwo hutsva chaihwo, zvisinei, inyaya yekuti uku kupfekedza, kunozivikanwa se tribofilm, kunoramba kuri pamusoro kunyangwe tembiricha yejinjini inodonha kana injini yakadzimwa (hapana kana painogumira nemafuta akajairwa emota). Izvi zvinoderedza kukakavara kune ngozi, i.e. pakati pemhete nemasilinda uye zvakaenzana kukuvadza crankshaft uye kukwesha kwevharuvhu. Zvinoita sekuti tribofilm inogona kunyatso chengetedza zvinhu zvesimbi zvejini - zvese zviri zviviri mumamiriro ezvinhu, i.e. ine injini inotonhora uye injini yakadzimwa, uye mumamiriro ezvinhu ane simba panguva yekutyaira.