Siverti

Mhedzisiro yemwaranzi yeionizing pane zvipenyu inoyerwa muzvikamu zvinonzi sieverts (Sv). MuPoland, avhareji yemwaranzi yemwaranzi yegore negore kubva kunzvimbo dzechisikigo i2,4 millisieverts (mSv). Ne X-rays, tinogamuchira chiyero che 0,7 mSv, uye kugara kwegore muimba isingasviki pane substrate yegranite inosanganiswa nehuwandu hwe20 mSv. Muguta reIran reRamsar (vanopfuura 30 vagari), chiyero chepagore chinokwana makumi maviri mSv. Munzvimbo dziri kunze kweFukushima NPP, iyo yakanyanya kusvibiswa mwero parizvino inosvika 300 mSv pagore.

Mwaranzi inotambirwa munharaunda yenzvimbo yekugadzira simba renyukireya iri kushanda inowedzera muyero wepagore neisingasviki 0,001 mSv.

Hapana akafa nemwaranzi yeionizing yakaburitswa panguva yetsaona yeFukushima-XNUMX. Nokudaro, chiitiko chacho hachina kurongerwa senjodzi (iyo inofanira kuguma nekufa kwevanhu vanosvika vatanhatu), asi senjodzi yakakomba yeindasitiri.

Mune simba renyukireya, kuchengetedzwa kwehutano hwevanhu uye hupenyu hunogara huri chinhu chinonyanya kukosha. Naizvozvo, pakarepo mushure metsaona paFukushima, kubuda kwakarairwa munzvimbo yemakiromita makumi maviri kutenderedza gwenya remagetsi, uyezve yakawedzerwa kusvika 20 km. Pakati pe30 zviuru zvevanhu vanobva munzvimbo dzakasvibiswa, hapana nyaya dzekukuvadzwa kwehutano kunokonzerwa neionizing radiation yakaonekwa.

Vana vari munharaunda yeFukushima havasi munjodzi. Muboka revana 11 vakagamuchira madosi akawanda emwaranzi, madhasi kune thyroid gland aibva pa5 kusvika ku35 mSv, inowirirana nedosi kumuviri wese kubva 0,2 kusvika 1,4 mSv. Sangano reInternational Atomic Energy Agency rinokurudzira kudzorwa kweiodine yakatsiga pachiyero chethyroid chiri pamusoro pe50 mSv. Kuenzanisa: maererano nezvino US zviyero, chiyero mushure metsaona pamuganhu wenzvimbo yekusarudzika haifanirwe kudarika 3000 mSv kune thyroid gland. MuPoland, Chirevo cheDare reMakurukota cha2004 chinokurudzira kugadzikiswa kwegadziriro yeiodine kana chero munhu anobva kunzvimbo ine njodzi achikwanisa kugamuchira dosi yakanyura ingangoita 100 mSv kune thyroid gland. Pazviyero zvakaderera, hapana kupindira kunodiwa.

Iyo data inoratidza kuti kunyangwe kuwedzera kwenguva pfupi kwemwaranzi panguva yetsaona yeFukushima, yekupedzisira radiological mhedzisiro yetsaona haina basa. Simba remwaranzi rakarekodhwa kunze kwegwenya remagetsi rakapfuura mwero unobvumidzwa wepagore kakati wandei. Kuwedzera uku hakuna kumbogara inopfuura zuva uye naizvozvo hakuna kukanganisa hutano hwevanhu. Mutemo unoti kuitira kuti vagova kutyisidzira, vanofanira kuramba vari pamusoro pemaitiro kwegore.

Vagari vekutanga vakadzokera kunzvimbo yekutamiswa pakati pemakiromita makumi matatu nemakumi maviri kubva pagwenya remagetsi mwedzi mitanhatu chete mushure menjodzi.

Kusvibiswa kwakanyanya munzvimbo dziri kunze kweFukushima-2012 NPP parizvino (muna 20) kunosvika 1 mSv pagore. Nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa dzinoiswa disinfected nekubvisa pamusoro pevhu, huruva nemarara. Chinangwa che decontamination ndechekudzikisa iyo yakareba-refu yekuwedzera dhigirii yepagore pazasi XNUMX mSv.

Iyo Japan Atomic Energy Commission yakaverengera kuti kunyangwe mushure mekufunga nezve mutengo une chekuita nekudengenyeka kwenyika uye tsunami, kusanganisira mutengo wekubvisa, muripo uye kubviswa kweFukushima NPP, simba renyukireya rinoramba riri iro rakachipa rinopa simba muJapan.

Inofanira kusimbiswa kuti kusvibiswa nezvigadzirwa zvefission kunoderera nekufamba kwenguva, sezvo atomu imwe neimwe, mushure mekubudisa mwaranzi, inorega kuva radioactive. Naizvozvo, nekufamba kwenguva, kusvibiswa kweradioactive kunowira kwega kuda kusvika zero. Panyaya yekusvibiswa kwemakemikari, zvinosvibisa kazhinji hazviwore uye, kana zvikasaraswa, zvinogona kuuraya kusvika kumamiriyoni emakore.

Kwakabva: National Center for Nuclear Research.