Scooters uye "scooter-like" mota

Mumakore achangopfuura, kufarirwa kwemagetsi uye mhasuru scooters kwawedzera, asi midzi yeiyi yakagadzirwa inogona kuteverwa kumashure kusvika pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. 

♦ XIX remakore -Kuonekwa kwe scooter hakuna kubatanidzwa nechero hunyanzvi hutsva. Gumbo rave richizivikanwa kwezviuru zvemakore, uye zvakanga zvisina kuoma kuwana chidimbu chebhodhi, kunyange apo urombo hwakanga hwakaipa. Muzana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, motokari dzinofamba netsoka dzakakurumidza kuwana mukurumbira pakati pevana mumaguta ane urombo. Ekutanga scooters mupfungwa yemazuva ano yeizwi akaonekwa mukupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX munyika dzinoverengeka, kusanganisira England, Germany neUSA. Nekudaro, hazvina kujeka zvachose kuti ndiani uye kupi akavaka scooter yekutanga mune iyo yatinoziva nayo nhasi.

♦ 1817 - Musi waChikumi 12 muMannheim, mugadziri weGerman mugadziri uye mugadziri Karl Freiherr Drais von Sauerbronn anopa mota yedhizaini yake, inoyeuchidza bhasikoro.1), umo vamwe nhasi vanoona scooter yekutanga. Ichi chigadzirwa chakasiyana neshanduro yemazuva ano pakuti mushandisi aisakwanisa kumira, asi kuti agare akasununguka uye kusunda netsoka dzese. Zvisinei, mutengi wenguva iyoyo haana kukoshesa dhizaini. Saka mugadziri akatengesa mota yake paauction nemamaki mashanu chete uye akatora mamwe mapurojekiti.

1. Motokari yaKarl Freiherr Drais von Sauerbronn

♦ 1897 - Walter Lines, mukomana ane makore XNUMX okuberekwa anobva kuUK, anogadzira scooter yekutanga yakaita semhando dzemazuva ano. Baba vemukomana havana patent yekugadzirwa, asi izvi zvakaitika chete nekuti vaisatarisira kuti toyi yacho ichave yakakurumbira. Nekudaro, yaive dhizaini yaWalter yakaratidza kuve imwe yemotokari dzekutanga kubatanidza zvakanakira mutengo usingadhuri nemagetsi anochengetedza zvakatipoteredza. Muvambi pachake akatanga kushanda mukambani yababa vake, uye ipapo, pamwe chete nevakoma vake William naArthur, vakatanga kambani yeToy Lines Bros (2).

2. Advertising Lines Bros. zvigadzirwa.

♦ 1916 - Autopeds inoonekwa mumigwagwa yeNew York (3) yakagadzirwa neThe Autoped muLong Island City. Idzi mota dzaive dzakasimba uye dzakasununguka pane kick scooters uye dzaive nemukati injini yekupisa. Mugadziri wavo Arthur Hugo Cecil Gibson anga achishanda kubva muna 1909 pane injini yakareruka uye diki yekubhururuka. Muna 1915, akanga atova nemvumo ye 155cc four-stroke, air-cooled engine. cm, uye gore rakatevera akapa patent yemotokari isina kuremerwa ine injini iyi.

3. Dama jadacha yakazvimirira kurongeka

Iyo autoped yaive nepuratifomu, mavhiri anopfuura 25 cm yakafara uye mbiru yekutungamirira, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kufambisa mota uye kudzora injini iri pamusoro pevhiri remberi. Kusundira tie kumberi kwakabata clutch, uku kuidzosera kumashure kwakabvisa clutch ndokuisa brake. Mukuwedzera, iyo traction system yakaita kuti zvibvire kudzima mafuta ekupa injini. Koramu yekupeta yaifanirwa kuita kuti zvive nyore kuchengeta mota. Iyo autoped yakagadzira kumhanya kwakanyanya kwe32 km/h. Yainyanya kushandiswa nemapostmen uye traffic cops. Kunyange zvazvo yakashambadzirwa semotokari yakanakira vanachiremba nevana vakura, yakaguma yanyanya kudhura uye kugadzirwa kweU.S. kwakapera muna 1921. Gore rakatevera, kugadzirwa kwemuenzaniso uyu muGermany kwakamiswawo.

♦ 1921 -Injiniya yeAustria. Karl Schuber akagadzira maviri-cylinder injini ye scooters, ine magineti ignition, ine simba re1 hp. nekumhanya kwe3 km/h. rpm Yakavakwa mukati mevhiri remberi, iro, pamwe chete nevhiri rekutyaira uye tangi yemafuta, yakagadzira yakazara magetsi chirimwa chekuisa pane scooters uye Austro Motorette bhasikoro. Zvisinei, dhiraivha yakaratidza kuva isingavimbiki sezvakaitwa naArthur Gibson. Kugadzirwa kwakamiswa muma30s.

♦ makumi mashanu -Musika uyu unotongwa nemukati mejini scooters ine chigaro chemutyairi chakagadzikana. Muna 1953, mufananidzo waAudrey Hepburn naGregory Peck pakambani yeItaly Vespa scooter wakaonekwa pamaposta aikurudzira bhaisikopo reRoman Holiday, kufarira mota dzisingaite zvekumhanya kwakasvika pakakwirira. Kunyangwe iyo Vespa modhi kubva mufirimu yaingoonekwa pachiratidziro kwemaminitsi mashoma, yakatengesa pamusoro pe100 makopi. makopi. Zvese zvairatidza kuti kupera kwescooter kwaive kwaparara. Nekudaro, vashandisi vechidiki vakawana zano nyowani kune idzi mota. Vakabvisa mahandbars pama scooters avo ndokukwira bhodhi rakatwasuka. Aya ndiwo magadzirirwo akaitwa skateboard prototypes.

4. Old Skateboard Makaha

♦ 1963 “Vagadziri vari kutanga kupa zvigadzirwa zvakanangana nenhamba iri kukura yevateveri vemutambo mutsva wemadhorobha weskateboarding. Kusvika parizvino, aya anga ari madhizaini asina kunaka. Skateboards yakanga ichine mavhiri esimbi, izvo zvakaita kuti zviome uye zvine ngozi kuchovha. Clay Composite Makaha Skateboard Wheels (4) zvakaita kuti zvifambe zvakapfava, asi dzakasakara nekukurumidza uye dzakanga dzisati dzanyanya kuchengetedzeka nekuda kwekutadza kufamba zvakanaka.

♦ 1973 - mutambi weAmerica Frank Nasworthy (5) yakapa mavhiri akagadzirwa nepurasitiki - polyurethane, ayo aimhanya, akanyarara uye asingatyi. Gore rakatevera, Richard Novak akavandudza mabhengi. Road Rider's innovative yakavharwa mabearings anopikisa zvinosvibisa zvakaita sejecha kuti ufambe nekukurumidza. Iko kusanganiswa kwemavhiri epamusoro epolyurethane uye mabhengi chaiwo ashandura ese ma scooters uye skateboards kuita zvinoyevedza uye zvine mutsindo zvekufambisa zvemudhorobha - kunyarara, kutsetseka uye kwakavimbika.

5. Frank Nasworthy ane polyurethane rivet

♦ 1974 Honda inotangisa scooter yeKick 'n Go ine mavhiri matatu kuUS neJapan (6) ine innovative drive. Mota dzaigona kutengwa chete kune vatengesi vemhando iyi, uye pfungwa yacho yakazvarwa kubva pakuda kwekushambadzira. Honda manejimendi akaziva kuti kune vana vanouya kuzvitoro zvemotokari nevabereki vavo, zvakakosha kuve nechigadzirwa chakakosha. Pfungwa yeKick 'n Go yakabva kumakwikwi emukati eHonda.

6. Scooter Kick 'n Go kubva kuHonda

Kukwira scooter yakadaro kwaisava kwekusundira pasi netsoka. Mushandisi aifanira kudzvanya bhaa pavhiri rekumashure netsoka yavo, iyo yaisunga cheni ichimisa mavhiri kufamba. Kick 'n Go yakakubvumidza kuti ufambe nekukurumidza kupfuura mota dzaimbozivikanwa dzerudzi rwakafanana. Shanduro nhatu dzaivepo: dzevana uye mbiri dzevechiri kuyaruka nevakuru. Imwe neimwe modhi yaipihwa mutsvuku, sirivheri, yero kana yebhuruu. Nekuda kwekutanga Kick 'n Go drive, vaive budiriro huru. Zvakadaro, ma scooters akabviswa pamusika makore maviri gare gare nekuda kwetsaona dzaisanganisira vana. Dzaifungidzirwa kuti dzaimhanya zvikuru kuti vana vakwanise kubhururuka voga.

♦ 1985 -Go-Ped scooters anotanga kukunda musika (7), yakagadzirwa nekambani diki yemhuri muCalifornia. Vane chivakwa chinorema uye mavhiri makuru erabha kuitira kufamba kwakapfava. Mamodheru ekutanga akagadzirwa naSteve Patmont iye neshamwari dzake - vaifanirwa kuita kuti zvive nyore kukurumidza kufamba-famba mumaguta ane vanhu vakawanda. Muridzi webhizinesi diki paakaita patent yeGo-Ped, angangodaro aisatarisira kuti dhizaini yake ibudirire.

7. Imwe yeGo-Ped scooter modhi.

Patmont yakashandura hurongwa hwekumisa neCantilever Independent Dynamic Linkless Suspension (CIDLI). Iyi yakapfava uye inoshanda zvakanyanya kumiswa sisitimu ine maoko ekuswing uye yakazvimiririra ine simba kumiswa ine kumberi nekumashure zvishuwo inovimbisa kutyaira kwakanyanya. Mugadziri wacho aitarisirawo chimiro chakasimba uye chisina kuremerwa, icho chakagadzirwa nendege-giredhi kabhoni simbi. Modhi injini dzemoto dzakatanga kuwanikwa, asi kubva muna 2003 mamodhiyo emagetsi akanyarara uye ane hushamwari anga aripo, akashongedzerwa nemota yeDC ine brushed DC ine Electro Head finned radiator inokwanisa kumhanya zvinodarika 20 km/h.

♦ makumi mashanu – Mechanical Engineer Gino Tsai (8) inovhura Razor scooter. Sekutsanangura kwaakazotsanangura pave paya, aive achimhanya kwese kwese, saka akafunga kukwidziridza chisikuta chine simba retsoka kuti chikwanise kufamba nekukurumidza. Iyo Razor yakavakwa kubva kundege-giredhi aluminium ine polyurethane mavhiri uye inogadziriswa inopeta mubato. Chinhu chitsva chaive bapiro rekumashure, pakutsika iro vhiri rekumashure rakabhureki. Pamusoro pezvo, scooter yaive nemutengo unoyevedza, unodhura. Muna 2000 chete, Razor miriyoni yakatengeswa. Muna 2003, kambani yakapa vatengi vayo scooter yemagetsi.

8. Jino Tsai neRazor scooter

♦ 1994 - Mumhanyi wekuFinnish Hannu Vierikko ari kugadzira scooter yaifanirwa kufanana nemagadzirirwo ebhasikoro. bhasikoro (9) zvaiita kunge bhasikoro, rimwe vhiri rakakura uye rimwe diki zvishoma, uye rine nhanho yemutyairi webhasikoro pane pedals necheni. Pakutanga, yaingofanirwa kuita kuti kudzidziswa kwemitambo kuve nyore - pasina marwadzo emajoini uye zvinobudirira kupfuura bhasikoro. Zvisinei, zvakazoitika kuti motokari iri kubudirira kukuru mumusika wenyika. Hannu Vierikko scooters anohwina mujaho wezhizha nechando uye mhando yeKickbike inotengesa zvidimbu zvishanu. motokari idzi gore negore.

♦ 2001 - Segway Premiere (10), rudzi rutsva rwemotokari ine chigaro chimwe chete yakagadzirwa naAmerican Dean Kamen. Kuonekwa kwemotokari iyi kwakaziviswa nenzwi guru nevezvenhau, uye chirongwa chacho chakarumbidzwa naSteve Jobs, Jeff Bezos naJohn Doerr. Iyo Segway ipfungwa yekuvandudza yemotokari yemudhorobha inokurumidza uye ine hushamwari ine kuomarara kusingaenzaniswe neyekare scooter. Yaive yekutanga mavhiri maviri ega ega yemagetsi mota ine patented dynamic stabilization tekinoroji. Mushanduro yayo yakanyanya kukosha, ine seti yema sensors, control system, uye injini system. Iyo huru yekunzwa system ine gyroscopes. Iyo yakajairwa gyroscope ingave yakaoma uye yakaoma kuchengetedza mumhando iyi yemotokari, saka yakakosha solid-state silicon angular rate sensor yakashandiswa.

Iyi mhando yegyroscope inoona kutenderera kwechinhu uchishandisa Coriolis maitiro akaiswa pachiyero chidiki kwazvo. Pamusoro pezvo, ma sensors maviri akaiswa, akazadzwa nemvura ye electrolyte. Iyo gyroscopic system inopa ruzivo kune komputa, maviri akadhindwa edunhu mabhodhi emagetsi controller ane cluster ye microprocessors inotarisisa ruzivo rwese kugadzikana uye inogadzirisa kumhanya kweakawanda emagetsi mota zvinoenderana. Iwo magetsi emagetsi, anofambiswa nepeya yenickel-metal hydride kana lithium-ion mabhatiri, anogona kuzvimiririra kutenderera vhiri rimwe nerimwe nekumhanya kwakasiyana. Nehurombo, mota hadzina kugamuchira kutariswa kwakakodzera kubva kune vashandisi. Nechekare muna 2002, kutengeswa kweinenge zviuru makumi mashanu mayuniti, nepo 50 chete yakawana varidzi vatsva. mota, kunyanya pakati pemapurisa, vashandi vezvigaro zvemauto, maindasitiri emaindasitiri nematura. Nekudaro, dhizaini yakaratidzwa yakaratidza kuve yakakosha, ichigadzira nzira yekufamba kwemota dzinozvimisa-dzika dzave kutotora musika makore gumi ano, senge hoverboards kana unicycles.

♦ 2005 -Nguva yemazuva ano emagetsi scooters inotanga. Iwo EVO Powerboards modhi akawana mukurumbira wekutanga. Mugadziri akaunza itsva-speed drive system. Iyo giya bhokisi rinosanganisa kuvimbika uye simba regiya dhiraivha pamwe nekusiyana-siyana kweaviri-kumhanya dhiraivha.

♦ 2008 - Swiss Wim Obother, muvambi uye mugadziri weMicro Mobility Systems, anogadzira iyo Micro Luggage II, scooter yakabatana nesutukesi. Sutukesi ine zvese zvaunoda inogona kuchengetwa, semuenzaniso, muchikamu chekutakura chendege. Unogona kuidhonza pamwe nemavhiri, asi zvinongotora kamwe chete kufamba kuvhura scooter uye kuenda kunomhanya nemukwende wako. Chikonzero chekuvakwa kwayo chaive husimbe - zvakanzi Ouboter yaive kure nechitoro chesangweji kuenda ikoko, asi iri padyo zvakanyanya kuti ivhure mota kana kudhonza bhasikoro kubva mugaraji. Aiona scooter senzira yakanakisisa yekufambisa. Pfungwa iyi yakakosheswa uye muna 2010 yakagamuchira mubairo pamakwikwi epasi rose edhizaini "Red Dot Design Award".

♦ 2009 Go-Ped inotangisa yayo yekutanga propane-powered scooter, iyo GSR Pro-Ped. Yaifambiswa ne 25cc3 LEHR 21-stroke propane injini. Mota inogona kusvika pakumhanya kusvika XNUMX km/h uye iyo yakanyanya kutyaira nguva iawa imwe. LEHR's propane injini tekinoroji yakahwina EPA Air Protection Award.

♦ 2009 -Razor inosvitsa freestyle scooter. Iyo PowerWing (11) yakafanana nescooter, asi inoda kuti mutasvi aenzanise miviri yavo, senge skateboarding. Motokari ine mavhiri matatu iyi inofamba kubva kune rumwe rutivi ichienda kune rumwe rutivi, inotsvedza nedivi uye ichichinja 360 madhigirii. Dual camber mavhiri anotendera iwe kutendeuka, kukukurwa uye kumhanyisa pasina kusundira kubva pasi.

♦ 2011 – Andrzej Sobolevski anobva kuToruń nemhuri yake vanogadzira Torqway, chikuva chekudzidzira kuchovha. Mhuri yeSobolevsky haina kuvanza chokwadi chokuti vaifadzwa neSegway, asi mutengo wakanyatsodzivisa kutenga. Saka vakagadzira uye vakaita patent mota yavo. Iyo Torqway yakafanana neSegway, asi kukwira papuratifomu iyi ibasa remuviri. Magadzirirwo acho anofamba achitenda kumalever maviri anoisa mukufamba kusimba kwemhasuru dzemaoko. Iyi innovative drive system inobvumidza iwe kushandura iyo oscillating yekufamba kwelever kuita inotenderera yekufamba kwemavhiri pasina kudikanwa kurasikirwa kwesimba (iyo inonzi idling inobviswa). Imwezve yemagetsi dhiraivha inokutendera kuti ugadzirise mwero wesimba kune zvinodiwa nemushandisi nekuda kwematatu ekutyaira modhi. Kugadzikana kwepuratifomu kunopiwa kwete negyroscopes, asi nekuwedzera, mavhiri maduku. Torqway inogona kufamba nekumhanya kwe12 km/h.

♦ 2018 -Kutanga kweanokurumidza electric scooter - NanRobot D4+. Iyo ine maviri 1000W mota uye 52V 23Ah lithium-ion bhatiri. Iyi ine simba sisitimu inobvumira kumhanya kwepamusoro kunosvika 65 km/h nehupamhi hunopfuura 70 km. Maviri ekumhanya modes, Eco neTurbo, inova nechokwadi chekuti kumhanya kunoenderana nemamiriro uye hunyanzvi hwemutyairi.