Runyerekupe rwekuongorora muchadenga rwakawedzeredzwa zvikuru.

Motokari yeRussia Progress M-5M payakamira zvakanaka panzvimbo paInternational Space Station (28) musi wa1 Chikunguru, ichipa vashandi zvinhu zvakakosha, avo vainetsekana nezveramangwana rake vakawana kudonha kwemoyo. Zvisinei, kufunganya pamusoro peramangwana rekutsvagisa nzvimbo kwakasara - zvinozoitika kuti isu tine matambudziko nendege dzinoita se "dzinongogara" dzichipinda munzira.

1. Ngarava "Kufambira mberi" yakamira kuISS

MuBudiriro maiva nekutakura matani anopfuura matatu. Ngarava yakatora, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, 3 kg yepropellant kuti ichinje kutenderera kwechiteshi, 520 kg yemvura, 420 kg yeokisijeni nemhepo, uye imwezve 48 kg yemutoro wakaoma, kusanganisira chikafu, midziyo, mabhatiri, zvigadzirwa (kusanganisira mishonga. ) uye zvimwe zvasara. Kutakura kwakafadza vashandi, sezvo mamiriro mushure mekuparara kweFalcon 1393 roketi ine Dragon capsule yakazadzwa nemutoro (9) yaive yakasviba.

Aya marudzi emamishoni anga ari echinyakare kwemakore mazhinji. Zvichakadaro, kubondera kweyakavanzika Falcon 9 roketi uye matambudziko ekutanga nekapisi yeRussia zvaireva kuti nyaya yekugovera international space station (ISS) yakaerekana yave zvinoshamisa. Iyo Progress mission yakatonzi yakakosha, sezvo kukundikana kwakatevedzana mukufambisa nzendo kwakamanikidza vazivi vemuchadenga kutiza.

Pakanga pasina inopfuura mwedzi mitatu kana mina muchikepe ISS ngarava yezvokudya yeRussia isati yasvika. Muchiitiko chekutadza kwekufambisa kweRussia, chombo cheH-16B chakarongerwa kusimuka nechikepe cheJapan HTV-2 chekutakura musi wa5 Nyamavhuvhu, asi iyi yaizova rwendo rwekupedzisira munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Ndege dzinoenda kuISS hadzitarisirwe kutangazve muna Zvita Swan capsule.

2Falcon 9 Missile Crash

Mushure mekubudirira kwekutakura zvinhu neRussia Progress - chero zvinhu zvakaendeswa nenguva munaAugust nechikepe cheJapan HTV-5 - kuvapo kwevanhu pachiteshi kunofanira kuvimbiswa pakupera kwegore rino. Zvisinei, mibvunzo inopindira haiperi. Chii chakaitika kumichina yedu yemuchadenga? Rudzi rwevanhu, ruchibhururuka kuenda kumwedzi ingangoita hafu yezana ramakore rapfuura, rwave kurasikirwa nekugona kuburitsa zvinhu zvakajairika munzira?!

Musk: Hatisati taziva zvakaitika

Muna Chivabvu 2015, maRussia akarasa kuonana neM-27M ichibhururuka kuenda kuISS, iyo yakadonha kuNyika mazuva mashoma gare gare. Muchiitiko ichi, matambudziko akatanga kumusoro pamusoro peNyika. Zvakanga zvisingabviri kutora kutonga kwechikepe. Zvingangodaro, tsaona yakakonzerwa nekudhumhana nechikamu chechitatu cheroketi yayo, kunyangwe Roscosmos isati yapa ruzivo rwakadzama nezvezvikonzero. Zvinozivikanwa, zvisinei, kuti preorbital yakanga isina kukwana, uye Kufambira mberi, pakusunungurwa, kwakatanga kutenderera pasina kuwanazve kutonga, zvichida nekuda kwekudhumhana nechikamu chechitatu cheroketi. Chokwadi chekupedzisira chaizoratidzwa negore remarara, zvinhu zvinenge makumi mana, pedyo nechikepe.

3. Antares rocket tsaona muna Gumiguru 2014.

Nekudaro, nhevedzano yekutadza kugovera zvinhu kune ISS zviteshi zvakatanga kunyangwe kare, pakupera kwaGumiguru 2014. Nguva pfupi mushure mekutangwa kweCRS-3/OrB-3 mishoni nechikepe chakazvimiririra Cygnus, injini dzekutanga dzakaputika. Rockets Antares (3). Kusvika pari zvino, chikonzero chaicho chetsaona hachisati chazivikanwa.

Panguva iyo Kufambira mberi kwakashata M-27M kwakaguma hupenyu hwayo mumhepo yePasi pasi pePasi orbit mukutanga kwaMay, iyo yakabudirira kwazvo CRS-6 / SpX-6 logistics mission inotungamirwa neSpaceX yakanga ichienderera. pachiteshi cheISS. Kuendesa zvinhu zvakanyanya kudiwa kuISS chiteshi muna Chikumi pane imwe SpaceX mishoni, CRS-7/SpX-7, yakaonekwa sechinhu chakakosha. SpaceX - Dhiragoni - yakanga yatoonekwa se "yakavimbika" uye inovimbika mhinduro, mukusiyana nekuvimbika kusina mubvunzo kwezvikepe zveRussia (izvo kutora chikamu mumisheni kune ISS mune zvematongerwo enyika kushoma uye kushoma kukwezva).

Naizvozvo, zvakaitika muna Chikumi 28, apo Dragon's Falcon 9 roketi yakaputika muminiti yechitatu yekubhururuka, yakarova vanhu vekuAmerica nekuMadokero, ichiisa vazhinji mukukundwa. Yekutanga post-accident hypotheses yakaratidza kuti mamiriro ezvinhu aya akakonzerwa nekuwedzera kamwe kamwe mukumanikidza muchikamu chechipiri LOX tank. Roketi iyi yemamita makumi matanhatu nematatu yakamboita ndege gumi nesere dzakabudirira kubva payakatanga muna 63.

Elon Musk (4), SpaceX CEO, mubvunzurudzo nezvinobudisa nhau mazuva mashomanene pashure pokuputsika, akabvuma kuti mashoko akaunganidzwa akaoma kududzira uye chikonzero chacho chinoratidzika kuva chakaoma: “Chipi kana chipi chakaitika ikoko, hapana chakanga chiri pachena uye chiri nyore. (…) Hapasati paine dzidziso inowirirana yekutsanangura data rese. " Mainjiniya vanotanga kuongorora mukana wekuti imwe data haisi yechokwadi: "Tsvaga kana imwe yedata ine chikanganiso, kana isu tinogona neimwe nzira takanyatso kutsanangura."

Kukundwa nemamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika

Zvingave nani kune SpaceX uye iyo yese US space chirongwa kana zvikonzero zvetsaona zvakawanikwa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. Makambani akazvimirira chinhu chakanyanya kukosha cheNASA's space plan. Pakazosvika 2017, kutakurwa kwevanhu kuenda kuInternational Space Station kunofanirwa kutorwa zvizere navo, zvinoti SpaceX neBoeing. Inosvika mabhiriyoni manomwe emadhora ezvibvumirano zveNASA ndezvekutsiva zvivharo zvemuchadenga zvakabviswa muna 7.

Sarudzo yeSpaceX naElon Musk, kambani yanga ichiendesa maroketi uye ngarava dzekutakura kuchiteshi kubva 2012, hazvina kushamisa. Dhizaini yake yeDragonX V2 (5) manned capsule, yakagadzirirwa kutakura vanhu vanosvika vanomwe, inozivikanwa kwazvo. Miedzo uye yekutanga ndege yakarongwa yakarongwa kusvika 2017. Asi mazhinji emadhora mazana matanhatu emadhora achaenda kuBoeing (SpaceX inotarisirwa kuwana "chete" $6,8 bhiriyoni), iyo inoshanda neAmazon-yakagadzirwa roketi kambani Blue Origin LLC. mukuru Jeff Bezos. Boeing development capsule - (CST) -100 - ichatorawo vanhu vanosvika vanomwe. Boeing inogona kushandisa Blue Origin's BE-3 maroketi kana SpaceX's Falcons.

5. Manned capsule DragonX V2

Zvechokwadi, kune chirevo chakasimba chezvematongerwo enyika munyaya iyi yose, sezvo vaAmerica vachida kuzvisunungura kubva pakutsamira paRussia Progress uye Soyuz ye orbital logistics missions, kureva, kuendeswa kwevanhu uye kutakura kune ISS. VaRussia, zvakare, vangada kuramba vachiita izvi, kwete nekuda kwezvikonzero zvemari chete. Nekudaro, ivo pachavo vakanyora zvakati wandei kutadza kwenzvimbo mumakore achangopfuura, uye kurasikirwa kuchangoburwa kweProgress M-27M hakusi iko kutadza kunoshamisa.

Zhizha rapfuura, nguva pfupi yadarika kubva kuBaikonur Cosmodrome, mota yekuRussia yeProton-M(150) yakadonha makiromita zana nemakumi mashanu pamusoro pePasi, iro basa raive rekuburitsa satellite yeExpress-AM6R yekutenderera. Dambudziko rakamuka mushure memaminitsi mapfumbamwe ekubhururuka panguva yekutangwa kwechikamu chechitatu cheroketi. Kureba sisitimu yakadonha, uye zvimedu zvayo zvakawira muSiberia, Far East uye Pacific Ocean. Rocket "Proton-M" yakundikana zvakare.

Pakutanga, muna Chikunguru 2013, modhi iyi yakadonhawo, izvo zvakaita kuti vanhu vekuRussia varasikirwe nemasatelliti matatu ekufambisa anokosha anenge mamiriyoni mazana maviri emadhora ekuAmerica. Kazakhstan yakabva yaunza kurambidzwa kwenguva pfupi kweProton-M kubva munharaunda yayo. Kunyangwe kare, muna 200, basa reRussia rakashanduka rikava kukundikana kukuru. Phobos-Grunt probe pane imwe mwedzi yeMars.

6. Zvimedu zvinodonha zve roketi "Proton-M"

Bhizinesi remuchadenga rakarova zvakanyanya

"Titambire kuchikwata!" - izvi ndizvo zvakataurwa nekambani yega yega Orbital Sciences, zvose zveAmerica NASA ine nhoroondo yakareba yenjodzi uye kukundikana, uye masangano emuchadenga eRussia anogona kutaura. Kuputika kwakambotaurwa kweAntares rocket neCygnus transport capsule pabhodhi yaive yekutanga chiitiko chinoshamisa kudaro kukanganisa bhizinesi renzvimbo yakazvimirira (yechipiri yaive nyaya yeFalcon 9 uye Dragon muna Chikumi wegore rino). Maererano neruzivo rwakazobuda pave paya, roketi rakaputika nevashandi pavakaona kuti raive munjodzi yekutadza kwakanyanya. Pfungwa iyi yaive yekudzikisira nzvimbo yekukuvadza kwaigona kuitika paPasi.

Munyaya yaAntares, hapana akafa uye hapana akakuvadzwa. Roketi yaifanirwa kuendesa Cygnus spacecraft nematani maviri ezvekushandisa kuInternational Space Station. NASA yakataura kuti kana zvikonzero zvechiitiko ichi zvangogadzwa, kubatana neOrbital Sayenzi kuchaenderera mberi. Yakambosaina chibvumirano chemadhora bhiriyoni 1,9 neNASA yekuendesa sere kuISS, neinotevera mishoni yakarongerwa Zvita 2015.

Mazuva mashoma mushure mekuputika kweAntares, Mhandara Galactic SpaceShipTwo (7) ndege yemuchadenga yevashanyi yakadonha. Maererano neruzivo rwekutanga, njodzi haina kuitika nekuda kwekutadza kweinjini, asi nekuda kwekusashanda kweiyo "aileron" system inotarisira kuburuka kuNyika. Yakagadzirwa nguva isati yakwana muchina usati wadzikira kune dhizaini Mach 1,4. Zvisinei, panguva ino mumwe wevatyairi vendege akafa. Wechipiri akabatwa akaendeswa kuchipatara.

Mukuru weMhandara Galactic, Richard Branson, akati kambani yake haizoregi kushanda nendege dzevashanyi. Zvisinei, vanhu vakanga vambotenga matikiti vakatanga kuramba kubhuka ndege dzepasi. Vamwe vakakumbira kudzoserwa mari.

Makambani akazvimirira aive nehurongwa hombe. Roketi rayo reISS risati raputika, Space X yaida kuiendesa kune imwe nhanho. Akaedza kudzosa roketi rakakosha, iro, mushure mekupinda munzira, raifanirwa kumhara zvakachengeteka papuratifomu yekumahombekombe yakavharwa nemadhiraivha akasarudzika. Hapana chimwe chekuedza uku chakabudirira, asi nguva imwe neimwe, maererano nemishumo yehurumende, "yakanga iri pedyo."

Iye zvino nzvimbo yepakutanga "bhizinesi" yakatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ekufamba kwechadenga. Zvinetso zvinozotevera zvinogona kutungamira kumibvunzo yakambobvunzwa "chinyararire" pamusoro pekuti zvinokwanisika here kufamba muchadenga zvakachipa sekufunga kwaiitwa nevaoni vakaita saMusk kana Branson.

Kusvika pari zvino, makambani akazvimirira ari kuverenga chete kurasikirwa kwezvinhu. Kunze kwechimwe chete, havazivi marwadzo ane chokuita nekufa kwevanhu vakawanda vari mundege dzomuchadenga, izvo zvinowanikwa nemasangano ehurumende akadai seNASA kana Russian (Soviet) nzvimbo dzekuongorora nzvimbo. Uye dai vasina kumbomuziva.