Kuderedza. Turbo mune diki injini. Chokwadi chese nezve tekinoroji yemazuva ano

Ikozvino yave yakajairwa kuti vagadziri vaise yakaderera-powered powertrains mumotokari, kunyangwe iwo anofarira eVolkswagen Passat kana Skoda Superb. Pfungwa yekudzikisa yave nani, uye nguva yakaratidza kuti mhinduro iyi inoshanda mazuva ese. Chinhu chakakosha mumhando iyi yeinjini, hongu, iyo turbocharger, inokubvumira kuti uwane simba rakati repamusoro nesimba shoma panguva imwe chete.

kushanda musimboti

Iyo turbocharger ine maviri panguva imwe chete anotenderera rotor akaiswa pane yakajairika shaft. Yekutanga inoiswa muhurongwa hwekupedza, magasi emhepo anopa mafambiro, pinda mufflers uye anokandwa kunze. Yechipiri rotor inowanikwa mune yekudyara sisitimu, inomanikidza mhepo uye inoimanikidza mujini.

Kudzvinyirira uku kunofanira kudzorwa kuitira kuti yakawandisa irege kupinda mukamuri yekupisa. Masisitimu akareruka anoshandisa chimiro chevhavhavhavha, nepo madhizaini epamberi, i.e. anonyanya kushandiswa mablades ane akasiyana geometry.

Onawo: Epamusoro gumi nzira dzekudzikisa kushandiswa kwemafuta

Nehurombo, mhepo panguva yekudzvanywa kwepamusoro inopisa kwazvo, kunze kweiyo, inopisa neiyo turbocharger imba, iyo inozoderedza kuwanda kwayo, uye izvi zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kupisa kwakakodzera kwemafuta-mhepo musanganiswa. Nokudaro, vagadziri vanoshandisa, semuenzaniso, intercooler, iyo basa iri kutonhora mhepo inopisa isati yapinda mukamuri inopisa. Painotonhora, inokora, zvinoreva kuti yakawanda inogona kupinda muhumburumbira.

Eaton compressor uye turbocharger

Muinjini ine ma-supercharger maviri, turbocharger uye mechanical compressor, vanoiswa kumativi ose ejini. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti iyo turbine ndeyepamusoro-tembiricha jenareta, saka mhinduro yakakwana ndeyekuisa mechanical compressor kune rimwe divi. Iyo Eaton compressor inotsigira kushanda kweturbocharger, inofambiswa nebhandi rine mbabvu zhinji kubva pahombe yepombi yemvura, iyo inoshongedzerwa nekuchengetedza-isina magineti emagetsi clutch ane basa rekuimisa.

Yakakodzera mukati meyero uye reshiyo yebhandi dhiraivha inoita kuti compressor rotors itenderere kashanu kumhanya kwemotokari dhiraivha crankshaft. Iyo compressor yakasungirirwa kune injini block padivi rekutora manifold, uye inodzora throttle doses kuwanda kwekumanikidza kunogadzirwa.

Kana iyo throttle yakavharwa, iyo compressor inogadzira yakanyanya kudzvanywa yekumhanya kwazvino. Mhepo yakadzvanywa inozomanikidzwa kupinda muturbocharger uye iyo throttle inovhura pane yakanyanya kudzvanywa, iyo inoparadzanisa mhepo kupinda compressor uye turbocharger.

Matambudziko ebasa

Izvo zvataurwa pamusoro pekushisa kwekushanda kwepamusoro uye mitoro yakasiyana-siyana pane zvimiro zvinhu zvinonyanya kukanganisa kusimba kwe turbocharger. Kushanda kusina kunaka kunotungamirira kukurumidza kupfeka kwemaitiro, kupisa uye, semugumisiro, kukundikana. Pane akati wandei zviratidzo zvekusashanda zvakanaka kweturbocharger, senge "kuridza muridzo", kupera simba nekukasira pakukwira, utsi hweblue kubva pakupopota, kuenda kune emergency mode, uye meseji yekukanganisa kweinjini inonzi "bang". "Tarisa injini" uye wozora nemafuta kutenderedza turbine uye mukati mepombi yekupinda mhepo.

Dzimwe injini dzemazuva ano diki dzine mhinduro yekudzivirira turbo kubva pakupisa. Kuti udzivise kuunganidzwa kwekupisa, turbine yakashongedzerwa nematanho anotonhorera, zvinoreva kuti kana injini yakadzimwa, mvura inoramba ichiyerera uye maitiro anoenderera mberi kusvika tembiricha yakakodzera yasvika, zvinoenderana nehunhu hwekupisa. Izvi zvinogoneka nepombi yemagetsi inotonhodza iyo inoshanda yakazvimiririra kubva mukati meinjini yekupisa. Injini yekutonga (kuburikidza nerelay) inogadzirisa kushanda kwayo uye inomutsa kana injini inosvika kune torque inopfuura 100 Nm uye tembiricha yemhepo mune yakawanda yekudyara inodarika 50 ° C.

turbo hole effect

Kuipa kwemamwe mainjini ane supercharged ane simba repamusoro ndiyo inonzi. turbo lag effect, i.e. kuderera kwechinguva mukushanda kweinjini panguva yekusimuka kana chishuwo chekusimudzira zvakanyanya. Iyo yakakura iyo compressor, iyo inonyanya kuoneka mhedzisiro, nekuti inoda nguva yakawanda kune iyo inonzi "Spinning".

Injini diki inovandudza simba zvakanyanya, iyo yakaiswa turbine idiki, zvekuti iyo yakatsanangurwa mhedzisiro inoderedzwa. Torque inowanikwa kubva kune yakaderera injini kumhanya, iyo inovimbisa kunyaradza panguva yekushanda, semuenzaniso, mumamiriro emaguta. Semuenzaniso, muVW 1.4 TSI injini ine 122 hp. (EA111) yatove pa1250 rpm, ingangoita 80% yetorque yese iripo, uye iyo yakanyanya kukwidziridzwa yekumanikidza ndeye 1,8 bar.

Mainjiniya, vachida kugadzirisa zvachose dambudziko, vakagadzira mhinduro nyowani, iyo yemagetsi turbocharger (E-turbo). Iyi sisitimu iri kuwedzera kuoneka mumainjini emagetsi mashoma. Nzira yacho inobva pakuti rotor, iyo inotyaira mhepo inopinza mujini, inotenderera nerubatsiro rwemotokari yemagetsi - nekuda kweizvi, mhedzisiro yacho inogona kubviswa zvachose.

Ichokwadi here kana kuti ngano?

Vanhu vazhinji vanonetsekana kuti maturbocharger anowanikwa mumainjini mashoma anogona kukundikana nekukurumidza, izvo zvingave zvichikonzerwa nekuti akaremerwa. Sezvineiwo, iyi ingano inogara ichidzokororwa. Chokwadi ndechekuti hupenyu hurefu hunoenderana zvakanyanya nemashandisiro aunoita, kutyaira uye kushandura mafuta ako - kutenderedza 90% yekukuvara kunokonzerwa nemushandisi.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti motokari dzine mileage ye150-200 zviuru zvemakiromita ndeyeboka rekuwedzera kwengozi yekukundikana. Mukuita, mota zhinji dzakafamba anopfuura kiromita, uye iyo yakatsanangurwa unit ichiri kushanda zvisina mhosva kusvika nhasi. Mechanics vanoti mafuta anochinja makiromita makumi matatu-30 ega ega, i.e. Hupenyu Hurefu, hune kukanganisa kwakashata pamamiriro eiyo turbocharger uye injini pachayo. Saka isu tichadzikisa nzvimbo dzekutsiva kusvika ku10-15 zviuru. km, uye shandisa oiri zvinoenderana nekurudziro yemugadziri wemota yako, uye unogona kunakidzwa nekushanda pasina matambudziko kwenguva yakareba.  

Kugona kuvandudzwa kwechinhu kunodhura kubva ku900 kusvika PLN 2000. Turbo itsva inodhura zvakanyanya - kutopfuura zviuru zvina zł.

Onawo: Fiat 500C mubvunzo yedu