mugodhi wemunyu "Bochnia"

Kare muna 1248, munyu wakacherwa muBochnia. Nhoroondo yemugodhi wemunyu weBochnia ndicho chirimwa chekare muPoland kwakatanga kucherwa munyu. Iyo Bochnia deposit yakaumbwa makore angangoita mamirioni makumi maviri apfuura munguva yeMiocene, apo nharaunda yeBochnia yanhasi yakafukidzwa negungwa risina kudzika uye rinodziya. Iyo dhipoziti yemunyu ine chimiro chelenzi isina kujairika iri munzvimbo yelatitudinal parutivi rwekumabvazuva-kumadokero axis. Kureba kwayo kunosvika 20 km, asi kudzika kwayo kwakadii? kubva pa4 kusvika ku50 metres. Iyo nhete here? akawanda kusvika mazana maviri mamita. Muzvikamu zvepamusoro, inowanikwa zvakanyanya, inenge yakadzika, chete nechepakati chikamu iyo inorerekera kumaodzanyemba pakona ye 500-30 °, uye yakatetepa? kusvikira yanyangarika zvachose.

Kushanda kwemigodhi, iri pakadzika 70 kusvika 289 m, inovhara huwandu hwemakiromita makumi matanhatu emagalari nemakamuri. Iwo anowedzera anenge 60 km pamwe nekumabvazuva-kumadokero axis uye ane hurefu hwehupamhi hwe3,5 m pamwe nekuchamhembe-kumaodzanyemba axis. Kuchengetedzwa kushanda kunowanikwa pamatanho mapfumbamwe: Ini? Danilovets, II? Sobieski, III? Vernier, IV? Nyamavhuvhu, V? Lobkowicz, VI? Senkevich, VII? Beg-Stanetti, VIII? Scaffold, IX? Golukhovsky.

Mugodhi wangu? mugodhi wemunyu wekare muPoland, unoramba uchishanda kubva pakati pezana ramakore rechiXNUMX kusvika rechiXNUMX (dombo remunyu muPoland rakawanikwa muBochnia makumi emakore apfuura kupfuura muWieliczka). Sutoris Mine, mugodhi wekare unoshanda munyu muPoland, wakatangira pakati pezana ramakore regumi nematatu. Migodhi yemunyu muBochnia neWieliczka yagara iri nzvimbo yemambo uye yave iine mari yakawanda kubva panguva yeKazimierz uye mumazana emakore akatevera.

Mushure memakore anoda kusvika masere ekushanda, mugodhi uyu wakafanana neguta repasi pevhu rinoshamisa, rinonakidza nemabasa akasiyana, machapel akavezwa mumatombo emunyu, pamwe chete nevekutanga zvivezwa nemichina yakashandiswa mazana emakore apfuura. Inogona kushanyirwa kwete chete netsoka, asiwo nepasi pevhu metro uye zvikepe. Mugodhi uyu chiyeuchidzo chakakosha chehunyanzvi. Kune vashanyi, inopa chiitiko chisingakanganwike, uye kune geologist uye munyori wenhoroondo, mugodhi chinhu chakakosha kwazvo chekudzidza.

Yakanga iri chaiyo geological chimiro chakaratidza hunhu hwekushandiswa uye yakasarudzika kusimudzira kwenzvimbo yenzvimbo ino. Zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha ndezvekushanda munhoroondo yemugodhi wemunyu weBochnia, unobva pamugodhi weTrinitatis, kuseri kwewaimbove mugodhi weDanielovec, kusvika kumugodhi weGoluchovska, panhanho nhanhatu pamugodhi weCampi uye pamatanho mapfumbamwe pamugodhi weSutoris. Aya ndiwo ekare ekare ekuchera matongo ezana ramakore rechi XNUMX-XNUMX, akararama kusvika nhasi ari mumamiriro akakwana nekuda kwechiito chekuchengetedza shaft nehurongwa hwemabhokisi, matanda ematanda, fantoon uye mbiru dzemunyu, izvo zvave zvichiitwa kubvira. pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Pakati pezvinonyanya kufadza uye zvakasiyana zvachose ndezvekushanda kwakadzikama, iyo inonzi intramine shafts uye furnaces, i.e. workings.

Pakati pemakamuri, kamuri yeVazhyn inomira kunze (munyu wakacherwa pano kubva muna 1697 kusvika ku50s, sezvo paiva nedhipoziti yakawanda munzvimbo ino), iri pakadzika kwemamita mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu. Kureba kwayo kunosvika 250 m, hupamhi hwepamusoro hunenge 255 m, uye kureba kunopfuura 15 metres. Iyi hombe, inoshamisa yemukati haina zvinotsigira. Denga uye madziro ane zvidimbu zvemunyu uye anhydrite, kugadzira chishongo chechisikigo, chinotaridzika zvakanaka. Padenga rine mitsetse yekamuri, 7th-century Ernest shaft inosungirirwa, iyo, sevamwe, muenzaniso wemhedzisiro yedombo guru rekumanikidza pamadziro emapuranga emakamuri nemakamuri. Muchikamu chekumaodzanyemba chekamuri yeVazhyn, kune musuwo weMuchinjikwa weMann, unotanga kubva muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX, uine chengetedzo yemanyorero edhipoziti (matanho eanonzi maflaps uye cavernous mabasa).

Vazhinskaya chamber ine chaiyo microclimate, inoratidzwa nekupisa kusingagumi (14-16 ° C), hunyoro hwepamusoro uye ionization yemhepo yakachena yakazadzwa nesodium chloride uye zvakakosha trace elements. magnesium, manganese uye calcium. Aya chaiwo maficha, anokwidziridzwa neanoshanda-inoshanda kufefetera sisitimu, anoita kuti ive yakanakira kuchenesa nzira yekufema uye kuve nekuporesa zvinhu muzvirwere zvakawanda (chronic rhinitis, pharyngitis uye laryngitis, hutachiona hwepamusoro hwekufema turakiti), pamwe neanti- allergic, antibacterial uye antifungal properties. Kubva 1993, kamuri iri kushandiswa nevarwere zuva nezuva (kufemesa uye kuzorora).

Kuti vazive vashanyi nzira yekare yekuchera migodhi uye kuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo yemugodhi, midziyo mitatu inonakidza yekufambisa yakavakwa patsva uye kopi hombe yemepu yezvese zvakacherwa pamugodhi weBochnia, zvichibva pane yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. made. Padanho reSienkiewicz pane vhiri rekudhonza brine, uye mukamuri yeRabshtyn, iri kushandiswa kubva muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, nzira yemabhiza mana ekudhonza mugodhi, inozivikanwa se slot, yakaiswa. Chinocherechedzwa ndeye yekutanga yemapuranga kesi yekamera yenguva iyoyo. Pa treadmill padhuze neVazhinsky Val pane hombe yerudzi rweSaxon treadmill ine zvimwe zvekutanga dhizaini zvinhu.

Kunobva: National Heritage Institute.