Kuumbwa uye zvikamu zve antifreeze liquid
Zviri mukati
Chii chinonzi anti-freeze?
Doro
Kuti udzivise kutonhora kwegirazi munguva yechando, zvinodikanwa kudzikisa tembiricha yecrystallization yemvura. Iwo akareruka aliphatic alcohols zvinhu zvine musoro zvekugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Mhando nhatu dzemonohydric doro dzinoshandiswa, zvese mumusanganiswa uye mumono:
- Ethanol
Kwete chepfu; inopenya pa -114 °C. Yakashandiswa kusvika 2006, zvisinei, nekuda kwekudhura kwakanyanya uye kazhinji zviitiko zvekushandisa nemuromo nenzira yevanomiririra, yakabviswa kubva mukuumbwa.
- Isopropanol
Kusiyana ne ethanol, isopropyl doro inodhura, asi ine chepfu uye kunhuwa kweacetone.
- Methanol
Inosiyana mune yakanakisa yemuviri uye makemikari zviratidzo. Nekudaro, ine muchetura zvakanyanya uye inorambidzwa kushandiswa mune dzinoverengeka nyika.
Izvo zviri mukati mehunyanzvi doro mune antifreeze zvinosiyana kubva pa25 kusvika 75%. Sezvo kuwedzera kunowedzera, nzvimbo yechando yemusanganiswa inoderera. Saka, kuumbwa kweAnti-freeze kusvika -30 ° C chando kunosanganisira kanenge 50% isopropyl doro.
Detergents
Basa rinotevera reantifreeze fluid ndiko kubviswa kwetsvina uye mitsetse. Anionic surfactants inoshandiswa se detergent components, iyo inoshanda pasinei nekupisa. Zvakare, ma surfactants anovandudza kusanganiswa kwezvishoma zvinonyungudika zvikamu uye madoro nemvura. Percentage - kusvika 1%.
Denaturation
Kurwisa kunwa kwemvura yewasher, zvakakosha zvinowedzera nekunhuhwirira kusingafadzi zvinounzwa. Kazhinji, pyridine, phthalic acid esters, kana parafini yakajairika inowedzerwa. Mishonga yakadaro ine hwema hunosemesa uye haina kunyatsoparadzaniswa mumisanganiswa yedoro. Mugove we denaturing additives ndeye 0,1-0,5%.
Vanodzikamisa
Kuti uchengetedze maitiro ekuita, chepfu ethylene glycol kana isingakuvadzi propylene glycol inowedzerwa kune anti-freeze. Makomisheni akadaro anowedzera kunyungudika kwezvinhu zve organic, kuwedzera nguva yekushandiswa, uye zvakare kuchengetedza fluidity yemvura. Zviri mukati hazvisviki 5%.
Flaors
Kubvisa kunhuhwirira kwe "acetone", isopropanol-based glass cleaners inoshandisa zvinonhuwira - zvinhu zvinonhuhwirira zvine kunhuhwirira kwakanaka. Chikamu chechikamu chinenge 0,5%.
Dyes
Coloring inoita basa rekushongedza, uye inoratidzawo chikamu chedoro. Kazhinji pane anti-freezes ane bluish tint, iyo inofananidzwa ne25% ye isopropanol. Kuwandisa kwedhayi kunotungamirira pakuumbwa kwemvura. Naizvozvo, zvirimo hazvifanirwe kudarika 0,001%.
Mvura
Mvura yakasvibiswa inoshandiswa pasina chero tsvina. Iyo aqueous distillate inoshanda semutakuri wekupisa, solvent, uye zvakare inobvisa zvinosvibisa pamwe neiyo surfactant. Nhamba yemvura ndeye 20-70% zvichienderana nehuwandu hwedoro.
Anti-freeze kuumbwa maererano neGOST
Parizvino muRussia hapana magwaro akadzorwa pamusoro pekuumbwa uye kugadzirwa kwewindshield washer fluid. Nekudaro, zvikamu zvega zvega zviri pasi pezvinodiwa zvekutonga zvinoenderana nekuchengetedza uye kushanda kwechikumbiro. Inofungidzirwa kuumbwa kwechando mhepo washer fluid ine PCT conformity mark zvinoenderana neinterstate standard (GOST):
- demineralized mvura: kwete pasi pe30%;
- isopropanol: kupfuura 30%;
- Surfactants: kusvika ku5%;
- stabilizer propylene glycol: 5%;
- mvura-tsvina-inodzivirira chikamu: 1%;
- buffer agent: 1%;
- zvinonaka: 5%;
- dhayi: 5%.
Regulatory zvinodiwa pakuumbwa
Chigadzirwa certification chinotarisa chiyero chehupfu uye kuita kwechigadzirwa. Saka, windshield washers inofanira kunyatsotarisana nekusvibiswa munguva yechando, kwete kuumba mitsetse, mavara anoderedza maonero emutyairi. Izvo zvikamu zviri mukuumbwa zvinofanirwa kunge zvisina hanya kune fiberglass uye simbi. Mishonga ine muchetura mukugadzirwa kweiyo anti-freeze inotsiviwa nemaanalogue asina ngozi: methanol - isopropanol, chepfu ethylene glycol - neutral propylene glycol.
