Speedometer. Mhando uye mudziyo. Kururamisa uye maficha

Pamwe neyekutanga serial kugadzirwa kwemotokari, ivo vakatanga kuve vakagadzirwa nezvinodiwa zviridzwa, pakati pazvo pane chinomhanyisa. Zvemagetsi zvishandiso zvinobatsira kudzora anodikanwa maitiro, technical mamiriro, danho uye tembiricha yemvura.

Chii chinonzi mota inomhanya?

Speedometer mudziyo wekuyera unoratidza kumhanya chaiko kwemotokari. Kune mota, mechina yemagetsi uye yemagetsi inoshandiswa, uye kumhanya kunoratidzwa mumamaira kana makiromita paawa. Speedometer iri padheshibhodhi, kazhinji pamberi pemutyairi, inosanganiswa neodometer. Iko kune zvekare dzimwe sarudzo mukati mechiridzwa panhivi inochinjirwa pakati peiyo torpedo uye yakatarisana nemutyairi.

Speedometer ndeyei?

Ichi chishandiso chinobatsira mutyairi munguva chaiyo kuti adzidze nezve:

• motokari traffic yakasimba;
• kumhanya kwekufamba;
• mafuta anoshandiswa pane imwe nguva.

Nenzira, kazhinji pamaminetsi ekumhanyisa mucherechedzo wekumhanya wakakwira zvishoma pane izvo zvinoratidzwa mune hunhu hwemota.

Nhoroondo yezvisikwa

Yekutanga chaiyo yekumhanyisa yakaiswa pamotokari yemutakurwi yakaonekwa muna 1901, uye nekudaro mota yaive Oldsmobile. Zvisinei, pane maonero paInternet kuti yekutanga analogue yeiyo inomhanya mhanya yakagadzirwa nemhizha yeRussia Yegor Kuznetsov. Kwenguva yekutanga, iyo yekumhanyisa mhanyisa yakava sarudzo yekumanikidza muna 1910. OS Autometer ndiyo yekutanga inogadzira kuburitsa mota mamhepo.

Muna 1916, Nikola Tesla akagadzira chinomhanyisa zvine hunyanzvi hwekugadzirwa kwayo, hwaro hwayo huchiri kushandiswa nanhasi.

Kubva muna 1908 kusvika muna 1915, dhiramu uye pointer speedometers zvakagadzirwa. Gare gare vakatanga kushandisa dhijitari uye pointer. Nenzira, vese vagadziri vezvigadzirwa vakasarudza yekuaya dial gauges nekuda kwekureruka kwekuverenga izvo kuverenga.

Kubva pamakore makumi mashanu kusvika kuma50 ezana ramakore rapfuura, mabhanhire esimbi anoshandiswa, kazhinji pamotokari dzeAmerica, senge dhiramu. Aya marudzi espeedometer akasiiwa nekuda kweruzivo rwepasi, izvo zvinogona kukonzeresa kune njodzi mamiriro mumugwagwa.

Mumakore makumi masere, maJapan ari kuunza padiki padiki padhijitari, asi izvi hazvina kugashira mashoma nekuda kwekumwe kunetseka. Zvakazoitika kuti zviratidzo zveanalogog zviri nyore kuverenga. Dhijitari maimeterimendi akawana nzira yavo mumidhudhudhu yemitambo, uko kwakaratidza kuve kuri nyore chaizvo.

Aina

Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti paine misiyano yakawanda mumadhijimendi, akaiswa mumhando mbiri:

• nzira ipi yekuyera inoshandiswa;
• rudzii rwechiratidzo.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzakakamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu:

• mechanical;
• electromechanical;
• zvemagetsi.

Kuti tinzwisise kumhanya kwekushanduka kwekufamba kwemotokari, iyo iyo inomhanya inoratidza, uye kuti kuyerwa kwakapihwa sei, isu tichafunga zvakadzama nezvebasa uye kugadzirisa data.

Nzira yekuyera

Muchikamu chino, mamota emota anomhanya akapatsanurwa muzvikamu zvinotevera:

• chronometric. Kushanda kunobva pane odometer uye kuverenga wachi - chinhambwe chakakamurwa nenguva yapfuura. Iyo nzira inotsamira pamitemo yefizikisi;
• centrifugal. Maitiro acho akavakirwa pabasa re centrifugal simba, panogadziriswa ruoko cuff cuff yakagadziriswa nechitubu inofamba ichienda kumativi nekuda kwesimba re centrifugal. Iyo offset daro yakaenzana nekuwanda kwetraffic;
• kudedera. Nekuda kweiyo resonance yekudengenyeka kwekutakura kana furemu, iyo vibration yakashongedzwa inogadzirwa yakaenzana nenhamba yekutenderera kwevhiri.
• induction. Basa remagineti rinotorwa sehwaro. Permanent magineti anoshandiswa pane chokurukisa, panogadzirwa eddy yazvino inogadzirwa kana vhiri rinotenderera. Dhisiki ine chitubu inobatanidzwa mukufamba, kunova ndiko kunoitisa kuverenga kwakaringana kwemuseve wekumhanyisa;
• remagetsi. Iyo yekumhanyisa sensor, kana ichifamba, inotumira masaini, iyo nhamba yakaenzana nenhamba yekufamba kweiyo sensor drive;
• zvemagetsi. Pano, mechiniki chikamu chinopihwa nezvazvino pulses izvo zvinopfuudzwa kana chokurukisa chinotenderera. Ruzivo rwunogamuchirwa nekambani, iyo inosarudzira kuwanda kwenguva yakatarwa yenguva. Iyo data inoshandurwa kuita makiromita neawa uye inoratidzwa padheshibhodhi.

Chinhu chinonakidza! Kuzivisa kukuru kwema mechanical speedometer kwakatanga muna 1923, kubvira ipapo dhizaini yavo yakachinja zvishoma kusvika kunguva yedu. Yekutanga emagetsi mamhanyisa metres akaonekwa muma 70s, asi akazopararira mushure memakore makumi maviri.

Nemhando yechiratidzo

Zvinoenderana nechiratidziro, iyo yekumhanyisa mota yakakamurwa kuita analogog uye digital. Chekutanga chinoshanda nekufambisa torque nekuda kwekutenderera kwegearbox, iyo yakabatana negearbox kana gearbox yegiya.

Iyo yemagetsi inomhanya inomhanya nekururamisa kwezviratidzo, uye odometer yemagetsi inogara ichiratidza chaiyo mileage, mazuva ese mileage, uye zvakare inonyevera nezvekumanikidza kugadziriswa pane imwe mileage. 

Mashandiro anoita michina mudziyo, musimboti wekushanda

Megani yekumhanyisa mita ine zvinotevera zvinotevera zvinhu:

• giya mota yekumhanyisa sensor;
• inoshanduka shaft ichitumira ruzivo kune chishandiso pani;
• speedometer pachayo;
• chinhambwe chakafamba pakaunda (node).

Iyo yemagineti induction gungano, inotorwa sehwaro hwechimakanika chinomhanya, inosanganisira isingagumi magineti yakabatana kune yekutyaira shaft, pamwe neye cylindrical aluminium coil. Nzvimbo yacho inotsigirwa nekutakura. Kuti udzivise zvikanganiso mukuverenga, pamusoro peiyo yakavharwa nealuminium skrini inodzivirira kubva kumagineti mhedzisiro. 

Iyo gearbox ine giya repurasitiki, kana seti yemagiya, iyo inotaurirana neimwe yemagiya eiyo gearbox, uye inotumira ruzivo rwekutanga kuburikidza netambo. 

Speedometer inoshanda seizvi: kana coil ikatenderera, eddy currents inogadzirwa, nekuda kweizvozvo inotanga kutsauka neimwe kona, inoenderana nekumhanyisa kwemota.

Iyo yekumhanyisa mota inotyairwa nekuendesa torque kuburikidza neiyo sensor uye inoshanduka shaft kune yegiya sumbu. Iko kushoma kuverenga kwekukanganisa kunopihwa nekubatana kwakanangana nekutenderera kwemavhiri ekufambisa.

Electromechanical speedometer mashandiro

Mhando iyi yemamita yekumhanya inonyanya kufarirwa, kunyanya pamotokari dzinogadzirwa mudzimba. Musimboti webasa unosangana nemuchina, asi wakasiyana mukuitwa kweichi chiitiko. 

Iyo electromechanical speedometer inoshandisa sensors senge:

• giya ine yechipiri mugodhi kugona uye kuruboshwe vhiri dhiraivhu;
• kupomba (Horo sensor);
• kusanganiswa;
• induction.

Iyo yakagadziridzwa yepamusoro-yekumhanya unit inoshandisa chiratidzo chemaginetoelectric zvishandiso. Iyo milliammeter yakashandiswa pakururamisa kwezviratidzo. Kushanda kwehurongwa hwakadai kunochengetedzwa neiyo microcircuit iyo inotumira mameseji kuchikamu chemagetsi, ichiendesa kuverenga kune iyo yekumhanyisa sindano. Simba razvino rakanangana nekumhanyisa kwemota, saka pano chinomhanya chinoratidza ruzivo rwakavimbika.   

Kushanda kwemagetsi emagetsi

Iyo yemagetsi yemuchadenga inosiyana neiya yakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa mukuti yakabatana zvakananga neiyo odometer. Iye zvino mota dzese dzakashongedzerwa nehurongwa uhu, izvo zvisingawanzo bvumidza nzira dzakareruka dzekugadzirisa mileage, iyo "inoyeukwa" nemamwe matunhu ekudzora. 

Nei achinyepa: iko iko kukanganisa

Zvave zvichiratidzwa kuti mumotokari zhinji, ine mukana wakakura, iyo yekumhanyisa haina kuratidza kumhanya chaiko. Musiyano we10% unobvumidzwa kumhanya kwe200 km / h, pa100 km / h iyo yekuwedzera ichave ingangoita 7%, uye pa60 km / h hapana kukanganisa.

Kana zviri zvikonzero zvekunze zvekukanganisa, pane akati wandei acho:

• kuiswa kwemavhiri nematai ehupamhi hwakakura;
• kutsiva ekisero gearbox neimwe main pair;
• kutsiva giya pamwe nemamwe mapaundi maviri emagetsi.

Iko kusakosha kukuru kweanokurumidza kumhanya

Kune mashanu makuru mhando dzezvikanganiso zvinoitika panguva yekureba-kwenguva kushanda kwemota:

• echinyakare kusakara uye kubvaruka kwepurasitiki magiya;
• kutyora tambo pamharadzano nechikamu chinotenderera;
• oxidized kufambidzana;
• kukuvara kwemagetsi wiring;
• chakaremara zvemagetsi (zvinoda kuongororwa kwakaomarara, kusanganisira yekumhanyisa sensor).

Muzviitiko zvakawanda zvekuputsika, haufanire kunge uri nyanzvi, chinhu chikuru ndechekuti uongorore kusashanda zvakanaka uye uzvishongedze neyakagadziriswa seti yemidziyo ine multimeter.

Mechanical Instrument Diagnostics uye Troubleshooting

Kuti uwane kuongororwa kwakanaka, shandisa zvinotevera algorithm yezviito:

1. Simudza rutivi rwevatakurwi vemotokari uchishandisa jack. 
2. Tichishandisa rairo dzekugadzirisa uye mashandiro emota yako, tinonyatsobvarura pani yechiridzwa.
3. Bvisa iyo yekumisikidza nati yeiyo speedometer tambo, bvisa nhoo, tanga injini uye ita yechina giya.
4. Muchivharo chekudzivirira, tambo inofanira kutenderera. Kana izvi zvikaitika, shandura muromo wetambo, shandisazve 4th gear neinjini iri kushanda uye ongorora kuverenga pane chiratidzo. Kusashanda zvakanaka kucharatidzwa nekuchinja chinzvimbo chemuseve. 

Kana iyo tambo isingatenderere, saka inofanirwa kubviswa kubva kudivi regiya bhokisi uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti chimiro chemuromo chayo chakaenzana. Edza kudhonza tambo iwe pachako - kutenderera kunofanirwa kunge kwakafanana pamagumo ese, uye kana zvakadaro, dambudziko riri mugiya. 

Kugadzirisa uye kuongororwa kwemagetsi emagetsi

Pano, kugadzirisa kwakaomeswa nekuti zvinodikanwa kuve nechero chiratidzo, senge yakakwira, oscilloscope kana scanner kuverenga kushanda kweinjini nemagetsi jekiseni. Zvechokwadi motokari dzose dzakagadzirwa kunze kwenyika mushure me2000 dzine kombiyuta yepa-board iyo inozviongorora yega isati yatanga motokari. Kana paine chikanganiso, kodhi yayo inogona kutsanangurwa nekutaura kune tafura yemakodhi ezvikanganiso zveimwe mhando yemota. 

Kana paine kukanganisa kune chekuita nekushaikwa kwekumhanyisa kwemhepo, saka nerubatsiro rweiyo oscilloscope tinobatanidza kune yepakati yekubata yeiyo yekumhanyisa sensor, uye ndokukanda "+" pabhatiri. Tevere, mota inotanga uye giya iri kuita. Kuwanda kweiyo inoshanda sensor inosiyana kubva pa4 kusvika pa6 Hz, uye iyo voltage ingangoita 9 volts.  

 Zvikamu zvekushanda

Iko kusakosha kukuru kwekuti zvimwe zvishandiso zvinoshaya iko kusarongeka. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, kuverenga kwakamhanyisa kunoenderana nekupindirwa kwekunze muvhidhiyo yekuisa makuru mavhiri uye zvikamu zvekutapurirana zvine akasiyana magiya magiya Mukana wekukosha kwehembe kupfeka, iyo yekumhanyisa kuverenga kuverenga "famba" neimwe 10%. 

Magetsi emagetsi anokwanisa kuratidza kumhanya uye mileage pasina kukanganisa, zvichiteerana nemitemo yekushanda uye pasina kudarika zviyero zvinotenderwa vhiri. 

Kana iyo speedometer isisina kurongeka, inorambidzwa kushandisa motokari, ine kusashanda kwakadaro, maererano nemitemo yemugwagwa.

Misiyano: speedometer uye odometer

Odometer inzwa inoverenga iyo yakazara uye yemazuva ese mileage yemotokari. Odometer inoratidza mileage, iyo speedometer inoratidza kumhanya. Kare, maodometer aive emuchina, uye mileage yaitenderedzwa nevatengesi vemotokari vasina kutendeseka. Electronic mileage counters vakadzidzawo kugadzirisa, asi kune akawanda ekudzora mayunitsi mumotokari anorekodha mileage. Uye injini yekudzora unit, mundangariro yayo, inogadzirisa zvikanganiso zvese zvinoitika pane imwe mileage.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro:

Zita respeedometer mumotokari rinonzi chii? Vamwe vatyairi vanodaidza odometer kuti speedometer. Kutaura zvazviri, sipidhimita inoyera kumhanya kwemotokari, uye odometer inoyera nhambwe yafambwa.

Chii chinonzi speedometer mumotokari chinorevei? Nyatsoidaidza kuti odometer. Inoyera mileage yese yemotokari. nhamba yechipiri ye odometer ndiyo odometer yezuva nezuva. Yekutanga haina kusetwa patsva, asi yechipiri inogona kusetwa patsva.

Nzira yekuziva sei chaiyo kumhanya kwemotokari? Nokuda kweizvi, motokari ine speedometer. Mumotokari dzakawanda mugiya 1, motokari inomhanya kusvika 23-35 km / h, 2nd - 35-50 km / h, 3rd - 50-60 km / h, 4th - 60-80 km / h, 5th - 80- 120 km/h. asi zvinoenderana nehukuru hwemavhiri uye chiyero chegiya chegiya bhokisi.

Speedometer yakayerwa nespeedometer inonzi chii? Speedometer inoyera kuti mota iri kufamba sei chero nguva. MuAmerican modhi, chiratidzo chinopa mamaira paawa, mune mamwe - makiromita paawa.