Kuenzanisa kweBhatiri: Tungamira Acid, Gel uye AGM

Parizvino, kune matatu makuru marudzi emabhatiri ekuchengetedza pamusika: lead-acid ine mvura electrolyte, gel uye AGM. Ivo vese vane imwecheteyo musimboti wekushanda, asi pane misiyano yakakosha muchigadzirwa. Iyi misiyano inovapa hunhu hwakasarudzika, zvisinei, mhando yega yega ine zvayakanakira iyo inofanirwa kutariswa pakusarudza bhatiri.

Lead-acid mabhatiri ane emvura electrolyte

Rudzi urwu rwechargeable bhatiri ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. Dhizaini yavo yakaramba yakachinja zvakanyanya kubvira pavakagadzirwa muna 1859.

Mudziyo uye musimboti wekushanda

Iyo imba yebheteri ine zvikamu zvitanhatu kana magaba akasarudzika kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine mahwendefa emutobvu uye electrolyte yemvura. Mahwendefa ane zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka mhosva (cathode uye anode). Mahwendefa ekutungamira anogona kunge aine kusachena kweantimony kana silicon. Iyo electrolyte musanganiswa we sulfuric acid (35%) uye yakadonhedzwa mvura (65%). Pakati pemahwendefa ekutungamira pane mahwendefa ane nzvimbo dzakapatsanurwa anonzi maparadzanisa. Izvo zvinodikanwa kudzivirira maseketi mapfupi. Bhengi rega rega rinogadzira nezve 2V yehuwandu hwe12V (daisy cheni).

Ikozvino mune lead acid mabhatiri inogadzirwa neiyo electrochemical reaction pakati pe lead dioxide uye sulfuric acid. Izvi zvinoshandisa sulfuric acid, iyo inoora. Kuwedzera kweiyo electrolyte kunoderera. Kana uchiraja kubva kwachaja kana kubva kune jenareta yemotokari, iyo yekumashure maitiro (kuchaja) kunoitika.

Kubatsira uye kuipa

Iko kushandiswa kwakapararira kwemutobvu-acid mabhatiri kunoitiswa neyakareruka uye yakavimbika dhizaini. Ivo vanopa kunze kwakakwirira kwazvo mavambo ekutanga enjini (anosvika 500A), vanoshanda zvakatsiga kusvika pamakore 3-5 nekushanda kwakakodzera. Bhatiri rinogona kubhadhariswa neakawedzera mafashama. Izvi hazvizokuvadza kugona kwebhatiri. Chinhu chikuru chakanakira mutengo unodhura.

Izvo zvakakomba zvakashata zverudzi urwu rwebhatiri zvine chekuita nekugadzirisa uye mashandiro. Iyo electrolyte yakasviba. Naizvozvo, kune njodzi yekuyerera kwayo. Sulfuric acid chinhu chinoparadza kwazvo. Zvakare, magasi anoparadza anoburitswa panguva yekushanda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti bhatiri harigone kuiswa mukati memotokari, chete pasi pehodhi.

Mutyairi anofanirwa kuongorora nguva nenguva bhatiri reji uye huwandu hwemagetsi. Kana bhatiri rikadzoreredzwa, rinovira. Mvura inopwa uye inoda kuzadzwa nguva nenguva muzvikamu. Mvura yakasvibiswa chete ndiyo inoshandiswa.

Chikamu chechaji hachifanirwe kubvumidzwa kudonha pazasi pe50%. Kuburitswa kwakazara kunovimbiswa kuparadza chishandiso, sekushomeka kwakadzika kwemahwendefa kunoitika (kuumbwa kwemutobvu sulfate).

Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti uchengete uye ushandise bhatiri munzvimbo yakatwasuka yakatwasuka kuitira kuti iyo electrolyte irege kubuda uye mahwendefa asavhare pamwe chete. Kupfupisa kunogona zvakare kuitika semhedzisiro yemahwendefa ari kupunzika.

Munguva inotonhora, bhatiri rinowanzo bviswa mumota kuti risatonhora. Izvi zvinogona kuitika nemvura yakasviba electrolyte. Bhatiri inotonhora inoshandawo zvakanyanya.

Gel mabhatiri

Gel mabhatiri anoshanda pamisimboti yakafanana neyakajairwa lead-acid mabhatiri. Chete iyo electrolyte mukati haina mune mvura, asi mune gel mamiriro. Izvi zvakawanikwa nekuwedzera silica gel ine silicon. Silica gel inochengeta iyo electrolyte mukati. Iyo inopatsanura yakanaka uye isina kunaka mahwendefa, i.e. inoshanda semuparadzanisi. Zvekugadzira maplate, chete yakanatswa mutobvu inoshandiswa pasina chero tsvina. Iyo dense kurongedzwa kwemahwendefa uye silica gel inopa yakaderera kuramba, uye nekudaro nekukurumidza kumchaja uye kwakanyanya kudzora mafungu (800-1000A pane imwe Starter pakutanga-kumusoro).

Kuvapo kwesilica gel kunopawo imwe hombe mukana - bhatiri harityi kubuda kwakadzika.

Iyo sulfation maitiro mumabhatiri akadaro anononoka. Magasi anokonzeresa anogara mukati. Kana pakawandisa gasi kuumbwa, magasi akawandisa anopukunyuka kuburikidza nemavharuvhu akakosha. Izvi zvakaipa kune bhatiri kugona, asi kwete kutsoropodza. Iwe haufanire kukwidza chero chinhu. Gel mabhatiri ari ekuchengetedza-emahara.

Kubatsira uye kuipa

Kune akawanda akawedzera emabheteri ejel pane mashoma. Nekuda kwekuti iyo electrolyte mukati iri mune yejel mamiriro, bhatiri rinogona kushandiswa zvakachengeteka mune chero chinzvimbo nenzvimbo. Hapana chinopararira sezvazvinogona nemvura yemagetsi. Kunyangwe kana iyo kesi yakakuvadzwa, kugona kwebhatiri hakudzikiswe.

Hupenyu hwebasa rebheteri yegel nekuchengetwa kwakaringana anenge makore gumi nemana kusvika gumi nemana. Sezvo iyo sulphation inononoka, mahwendefa haapunzike, uye bhatiri rakadaro rinogona kuchengetwa kweanosvika makore matatu pasina recharging uye nekurasikirwa kwakakura kwesimba. Kazhinji zvinotora 10-14% yemubhadharo pagore.

Iyo bhatiri regel inogona kumira kusvika mazana mana akazara kubuda. Izvi zvakare zvakawanikwa nekuda kwenzvimbo yemagetsi. Chikamu chechaji chinodzoka nekukurumidza.

Yakaderera kuramba inobvumira yakakwira inrush mafungu kuti aendeswe, kuverengera yakanyanya kushanda kushanda.

Izvo zvinokanganisa zvinosanganisira kunzwisiswa kwekuwedzeredza uye maseketi mapfupi. Naizvozvo, mabhatiri akadaro anoratidza anotenderwa magetsi ma parameter panguva yekuchaja. Iwe zvakare unofanirwa kubhadharisa ne voltage ye 10% yeiyo bhatiri kugona. Kunyangwe kuwandisa kwemagetsi kunogona kutungamira mukundikana kwayo. Naizvozvo, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa chaiwo majaja ane mabhatiri akadaro.

Mukutonhora kwakanyanya, silica gel inogona zvakare kugwamba uye kurasikirwa mumudziyo. Kunyangwe gel mabhatiri anomira nechando zvirinani pane zvakajairwa mabhatiri.

Imwe yekukanganisa kukuru zvakare mutengo wakakwira wemabhatiri egel mukuenzanisa neakareruka.

AGM mabhatiri

Nheyo yekushanda kwemabhatiri eAGM yakafanana neayo maviri apfuura mhando. Musiyano mukuru uri mukugadzirwa kwevaparadzanisi uye mamiriro eiyo electrolyte. Pakati pemahwendefa ekutungamira pane fiberglass, inoiswa mushonga ne electrolyte. AGM inomiririra Yakabatwa Girazi Mat kana Yakabatwa Girazi Fibre. Kune mahwendefa, chete pure lead ndiyo inoshandiswa zvakare.

Washington City Offices uye mahwendefa zvakatsindirwa zvakasimba pamwechete. Iyo electrolyte inochengetwa ne porosity yezvinhu. Kusagadzikana kwakaderera kunoitwa uko kunokanganisa kumhanyisa kumhanya uye yakakwira kick-off yazvino.

Aya mabhatiri anoiswawo semabhatiri asina chekuchengetedza. Sulfation inononoka, mahwendefa haaputsike. Iyo electrolyte haizi kuyerera uye zviripo haina kubuda. Akawanda magasi anopukunyuka kuburikidza nemavharuvhu akakosha

Chimwe chiitiko chemabhatiri eAGM iko kugona kumonyanisa mahwendefa kuita mavhoriyamu kana anotenderera. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chiri muchimiro chesilinda. Izvi zvinowedzera nzvimbo yekudyidzana uye inovandudza vibration kuramba. Mabhatiri mune ino dhizaini anogona kuoneka kubva kune anozivikanwa OPTIMA brand.

Kubatsira uye kuipa

AGM mabhatiri anogona kuvhiyiwa uye kuchengetwa mune chero nzvimbo. Mutumbi wakavharwa. Iwe unongoda kuongorora mwero wechaji uye nemamiriro etemu. Iyo chishandiso inogona kuchengetwa kwemakore matatu, ichirasikirwa chete 3-15% yechaji pagore.

Mabhatiri akadaro anopa marefu ekutanga mafashama anosvika ku1000A. Izvi zvakapetwa kakati wandei kupfuura zvakajairwa.

Kuzara kwakazara hakusi kutya. Bhatiri rinogona kumira mazana maviri ezero kuburitswa, inosvika mazana mashanu kuburitswa uye chiuru chinobuda pa200%.

AGM mabhatiri anoita zvakanyanya pane yakaderera tembiricha. Kunyangwe mune yakanyanya chando, hunhu haudzikire. Ivo zvakare vanoregera yakanyanya tembiricha inosvika 60-70 ° C.

Kunge mabhatiri ejeri, maAGM anonzwisisa kubhadharisa. Kukwirisa kudhara kunokuvadza bhatiri. Pamusoro 15V yatove yakakosha. Zvakare, dunhu pfupi harifanirwe kubvumidzwa. Naizvozvo, iwe unofanirwa kushandisa nguva dzose charger yakatsaurirwa.

AGM mabhatiri anodhura kakawanda zvakapetwa pane zvakajairwa, kunyange anodhura pane iwo ejeri.

zvakawanikwa

Kunyangwe iine zvakakosha zvakadaro, gel uye AGM mabhatiri aisakwanisa kumanikidza lead-acid mabhatiri. Iwo ekupedzisira anodhura uye vanoita basa ravo nemazvo mumotokari. Kunyangwe mumwaka unotonhora, 350-400A inokwana kuti iyo yekutanga itange injini.

Pamotokari, AGM kana mabheteri ejel anozoshanda chete kana paine huwandu hwakawanda hwevashandisi vanoshandisa simba. Naizvozvo, ivo vawana yakawandisa kunyorera semagetsi ekuchengetera magetsi kubva kumasolar solar, mapurazi emhepo, mudzimba kana sosi yesimba uye mune akasiyana anotakurika michina