Mutakuri wevashandi vane zvombo zvepakati (Sonderkraftfahrzeug 251, Sd.Kfz.251)

Zviri mukati Special muchina 251 Specialized options Sd.Kfz. 251/10 – Sd.Kfz. 251/23 Mumamiziyamu pasi rose Mutakuri wevashandi vepakati nepakati (Special mota 251, Sd.Kfz. 251) Iyo yepakati armored vashandi inotakura yakagadziriswa muna 1940 nekambani yeGanomag. Iyo chassis yehafu-track matatu-tani tirakita yakashandiswa sehwaro. Sezvakangoita light armored staff carrier, mungoro yepasi paishandiswa makonye ane majoini etsono nemapedhi erabha ekunze, kurongeka kwakadzama kwemavhiri emumugwagwa uye ekisero yekumberi ine mavhiri anodhiraivha. Iyo yekufambisa inoshandisa yakajairwa mana-kumhanya gearbox. Kubva muna 1943, magonhi ebhodhi akaiswa kumashure kwechikepe. Vatakuri vevashandi vepakati nepakati vakagadzirwa mune makumi maviri nematatu ekugadziridzwa zvichienderana nezvombo uye chinangwa. Semuenzaniso, vatakuri vevashandi vakashongedzerwa kukwira 23 mm howitzer, 75 mm anti-tank pfuti, 37 mm dhaka, 8 mm anti-ndege pfuti, infrared searchlight, flamethrower, nezvimwe. Vatakuri vevashandi vezvombo zverudzi urwu vaive nekufamba zvishoma uye kusafamba zvakanaka pasi. Kubva 20, vanga vachishandiswa mumotokari dzevacheche, makambani esapper uye mune mamwe akawanda mayuniti ematangi uye emota zvikamu. (Onawo "Light Armored Personnel Carrier (Special Vehicle 1940)") Kubva munhoroondo yekusika Iyo tangi yakagadzirwa panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga senzira yekupwanya kudzivirira kwenguva refu kuWestern Front. Aifanira kunge akapaza tambo yedziviriro, nokudaro achigadzirira nzira yevacheche. Matangi aikwanisa kuita izvi, asi haana kukwanisa kusimbisa kubudirira kwavo nekuda kwekuderera kwavo kumhanya uye kusavimbika kwechikamu chemuchina. Muvengi aiwanzova nenguva yekuendesa mareserve kunzvimbo yekubudirira uye kuvhara gaka rinoguma. Nekuda kweiyo yakaderera kumhanya kwematangi, varwi vari mukurwiswa vakaperekedzwa nyore nyore, asi vakaramba vari panjodzi yemoto madiki emoto, madhaka uye mamwe artillery. Zvikwata zvevacheche zvakatambura kurasikirwa kukuru. Naizvozvo, maBritish akauya neMk.IX mutakuri, akagadzirirwa kutakura gumi nevaviri varwi munhandare yehondo pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwezvombo, zvisinei, kusvika pakupera kwehondo, vakakwanisa kuvaka prototype chete, uye havana kuiedza. mumamiriro ekurwa. Mumakore ehondo, matangi emauto mazhinji enyika dzakabudirira akabuda ari pamusoro. Asi dzidziso dzekushandiswa kwemotokari dzehondo muhondo dzaive dzakasiyana siyana. Muma30, zvikoro zvakawanda zvehondo dzematangi zvakamuka pasi rose. MuBritain, vakaedza zvakawanda nezvikwata zvematangi, maFrench akatarisa matangi chete senzira yekutsigira vacheche. Chikoro cheGermany, icho mumiririri akakurumbira aiva Heinz Guderian, aifarira mauto ezvombo, ayo akanga ari musanganiswa wematangi, motokari dzevacheche uye zvikwata zvekutsigira. Mauto akadaro aifanira kupaza dziviriro yemuvengi uye kugadzira chinogumbura kumashure kwake kwakadzika. Nomuzvarirwo, iwo mayuniti aive chikamu chemauto aifanira kufamba nekumhanya kwakafanana uye, zvine hungwaru, kuve nekufanana kwekunze kwenzira. Kunyangwe zvirinani, kana zvikamu zvekutsigira - sappers, artillery, vacheche - zvakare vanofamba pasi pechifukidziro chezvombo zvavo muhondo dzakafanana. Dzidziso yacho yakanga yakaoma kushandisa. Indasitiri yeGermany yakasangana nematambudziko akakomba nekuburitswa kwematangi matsva muhuwandu hwakawanda uye haigone kutsauswa nekugadzirwa kwakawanda kwevatakuri vezvombo. Nechikonzero ichi, yekutanga mwenje uye matangi kupatsanurwa kweWehrmacht aive akashongedzerwa mota dzine mavhiri, yaiitirwa panzvimbo ye "theoretical" vatakuri vezvombo zvekutakura zvekutakura mauto. Chete manheru ekutanga kweHondo Yenyika II, mauto akatanga kugamuchira vatakuri vezvombo zvehondo muhuwandu hunobatika. Asi kunyangwe pakupera kwehondo, nhamba yevatakuri vezvombo yakanga yakakwana kushongedza battalion imwe yevacheche muchikamu chega chega navo. Indasitiri yeGerman kazhinji yaisakwanisa kuburitsa vatakuri vevashandi vakarongedzerwa zvakakwana muhuwandu kana husingaonekwe, uye mota dzine mavhiri hadzina kuzadzisa zvinodiwa kuti iwedzere kugona kuyambuka-nyika inofananidzwa nekugona kuyambuka-nyika kwematangi. Asi maGermany akanga ane ruzivo rwakakura mukugadzirwa kwehalf-track motokari, yekutanga artillery hafu-track matirakita akavakwa muGermany muna 1928. Kuedza nemotokari yehafu-track kwakaenderera mberi muna 1934 na1935, apo prototypes yehafu yezvombo zvehondo. track mota dzakashongedzerwa ne37-mm uye 75-mm cannon mushongwe dzinotenderera. Motokari idzi dzaionekwa senzira yekurwisa matangi evavengi. Inonakidza mota, iyo, zvisinei, haina kupinda mukugadzirwa kwakawanda. sezvo zvakasarudzwa kutarisisa kuedza kweindasitiri pakugadzira matangi. Kuda kweWehrmacht kwematangi kwaingove kwakaoma. Iyo 3-ton half-track tractor yakatanga kugadzirwa naHansa-Lloyd-Goliath Werke AG kubva kuBremen muna 1933. Yekutanga prototype ye1934 modhi yaive neBorgward six-cylinder engine ine humburumbira inokwana 3,5 litres, tirakita yakasarudzwa. HL KI 2 Serial kugadzirwa kwetirakita yakatanga muna 1936, muchimiro cheHL KI 5 musiyano, 505 matarakita akavakwa pakupera kwegore. Mamwe maprototypes ehafu-track matirakita akavakwa zvakare, kusanganisira mota dzine kumashure kwesimba remagetsi - sepuratifomu yekugonesa kusimudzira kwemotokari dzehondo. Muna 1938, shanduro yekupedzisira yetarakita yakaonekwa - HL KI 6 ine injini yeMaybach: muchina uyu wakagamuchira zita rokuti Sd.Kfz.251. Iyi sarudzo yaive yakakwana sehwaro hwekugadzira mutakuri wevashandi vezvombo vakagadzirirwa kutakura chikwata chevacheche. Hanomag anobva kuHanover akabvuma kudzokorora dhizaini yekutanga yekumisikidzwa kwehull yezvombo, dhizaini nekugadzirwa kwayo kwakaitwa naBüssing-NAG kubva kuBerlin-Obershönevelde. Mushure mokupedza basa rose rinodiwa muna 1938, mufananidzo wekutanga we "Gepanzerte Mannschafts Transportwagen" wakaonekwa - motokari yezvombo zvekutakura. Vekutanga Sd.Kfz.251 vatakuri vezvombo vakagamuchirwa muchirimo cha1939 ne1 Panzer Division yakamira muWeimar. Motokari dzacho dzaikwana kuzadzisa kambani imwe chete muuto revacheche. Muna 1939, indasitiri yeReich yakagadzira 232 Sd.Kfz.251 vatakuri vezvombo, muna 1940 vhoriyamu yekugadzira yaive yatova 337 mota. Pakazosvika 1942, kugadzirwa kwegore negore kwevatakuri vezvombo zvakasvika pachiratidzo chezvikamu 1000 uye zvakasvika pakakwirira muna 1944 - 7785 vatakuri vezvombo. Zvisinei, vatakuri vevashandi vezvombo vaigara vari vashoma. Mafemu mazhinji akabatanidzwa kune serial kugadzirwa kweSd.Kfz.251 michina - "Schutzenpanzerwagen", sezvavakadanwa zviri pamutemo. Iyo chassis yakagadzirwa naAdler, Auto-Union uye Skoda, mahombe ezvombo akagadzirwa naFerrum, Scheler und Beckmann, Steinmuller. Gungano rekupedzisira rakaitwa pamafekitari eWesserhütte, Vumag naF. Shihau." Munguva yemakore ehondo, huwandu hwe15252 vatakuri vezvombo zvevatakuri vezvigadziriso zvina (Ausfuhrung) uye 23 akasiyana akavakwa. Sd.Kfz.251 inotakura vashandi vezvombo yakave modhi huru kwazvo yemotokari dzeGerman. Michina iyi yakashanda muhondo yese uye kumativi ese, ichipa mupiro wakakura kune blitzkrieg yemakore ehondo yekutanga. Kazhinji, Germany haina kutumira kunze Sd.Kfz.251 armored vashandi vatakuri kune vanoitsigira. Zvisinei, mamwe acho, kunyanya kuchinjwa D, akagamuchirwa neRomania. Motokari dzakaparadzana dzakaguma mumauto eHungary neFinnish, asi hapana ruzivo pamusoro pekushandiswa kwavo mukurwisana. Yakashandiswa yakatorwa hafu-track Sd.Kfz. 251 uye maAmerican. Vaiwanzoisa 12,7-mm Browning M2 pfuti dzemuchina pamotokari dzakatorwa panguva yehondo. Vatakuri vevashandi vakati wandei vaive vakashongedzerwa neT34 "Calliope" yekuvhura, iyo yaive nemachubhu makumi matanhatu ekutungamira ekupfura matombo asina kutungamirwa. Sd.Kfz.251 yakagadzirwa nemabhizinesi akasiyana-siyana, muGermany uye munyika dzakatorwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, hurongwa hwekushandira pamwe hwakagadzirwa zvakafara, mamwe mafemu aingoshanda chete mukugadzira michina, nepo mamwe aigadzira masipire, pamwe neakapedzwa zvikamu nemagungano kwavari. Mushure mekupera kwehondo, kugadzirwa kwevatakuri vezvombo kwakaenderera mberi muCzechoslovakia naSkoda naTatra pasi pezita reOT-810. Michina iyi yaive ne8-cylinder Tatra dizeli injini, uye shongwe dzavo dzemakoni dzakavharwa zvachose. Kubva munhoroondo yekusika  251 Ausf. A Kugadziridzwa kwekutanga kweSd.Kfz.251 armored staff carrier. Ausf.A, yairema matani 7,81. Zvimiro, mota yacho yaive furemu yakaoma yakasungwa, iyo ndiro yezvombo yaisungirirwa kubva pasi. Iyo armored hull, yakagadzirwa zvakanyanya newelding, yakaunganidzwa kubva muzvikamu zviviri, mutsara wekuparadzanisa wakapfuura kuseri kwekamuri yekudzora. Mavhiri emberi akanga akarembera pamatsime e<em>elliptical springs. Marimu ane zvidhindo zvemavhiri esimbi aive nerubber spikes, mavhiri epamberi aive asina mabhureki. Mufambisi wegonye waisanganisira mavhiri emugwagwa ane simbi gumi nembiri (mavhiri matanhatu padivi), mavhiri ose emumugwagwa aive akashongedzerwa matai erabha. Kumiswa kwemavhiri emugwagwa - torsion bar. Mavhiri ekutyaira enzvimbo yepamberi, kushushikana kwenzira kwakadzorwa nekufambisa masloth enzvimbo yekumashure mundege yakatwasuka. Makwara kuitira kuderedza uremu hwemakwara akagadzirwa neyakavhenganiswa dhizaini - rubber-metal. Imwe neimwe track yaive nezino rekutungamira mukati, uye pedhi rerabha rekunze. Manjanji aibatanidzwa neimwe neimwe nemabhengi akaiswa mafuta. Iyo hull yakasungwa kubva pamahwendefa ezvombo ane ukobvu hwemamirimita matanhatu (pasi) kusvika 6 mm (pahuma). Hatch hombe ine mashizha maviri yakarongwa mubepa repamusoro pevhavha kuti iwane injini. Pamativi eiyo hood yeSd.Kfz. Hatch yekuruboshwe yaigona kuvhurwa nea special lever nemutyairi akananga kubva mukombi. Imba yekurwira inovhurwa pamusoro, zvigaro zvemutyairi chete nezvemukuru ndizvo zvakavharwa nedenga. Kupinda nekubuda mukamuri rekurwira kwakapihwa nemagonhi maviri mumadziro eshure kwechikepe. Mukamuri rokurwa, mabhenji maviri akanga akasungirirwa pakureba kwayo kwose kumativi. Mumadziro epamberi eimba yacho, maburi maviri ekuona akarongwa kuti mukuru wemauto nemutyairi aine zvidhinha zvinotsiviwa. Mumativi ekamuri yekudzora, imwe diki yekutarisa yekumbundira yakarongwa. Mukati mekamuri rokurwa maiva nemapiramidhi ezvombo uye marekeni ezvimwe zvinhu zvemauto. Kuti dzidzivirire pamamiriro okunze akaipa, zvaifungidzirwa kuti paiswe chifukidziro pamusoro pekamuri rokurwira. Rutivi rumwe norumwe rwaiva nemichina mitatu yokuona nayo, kusanganisira zviridzwa zvomukuru mukuru nomutyairi. Mutakuri wevashandi aive akashongedzerwa ne6-cylinder liquid-yakatonhorera injini ine in-line kurongeka kwe100 hp. pa shaft kumhanya kwe2800 rpm. Injini dzakagadzirwa naMaybach, Norddeutsche Motorenbau uye Auto-Union, iyo yaive neSolex-Duplex carburetor, mana anoyangarara akavimbisa kushanda kwecarburetor pakunyanyisa kutenderera kwemota. Injini ye radiator yakaiswa pamberi pehodhi. Mhepo yaiunzwa kune reyeyeta kuburikidza nezvivharo mundiro yezvombo yepamusoro yehood uye yakabudiswa nemaburi mumativi ehood. Muffler nepombi yeexhaust yaive yakaiswa kuseri kwevhiri rekuruboshwe. Torque kubva muinjini kuenda kune kutapurirana yaifambiswa kuburikidza ne clutch. Iko kutapurirana kwakapa maviri reverse uye masere kumberi kumhanya. Muchina uyu waive nemuchina werudzi rwehand brake uye pneumatic servo mabhureki akaiswa mukati memavhiri ekutyaira. Iyo pneumatic compressor yakaiswa kuruboshwe rwejini, uye matangi emhepo akamiswa pasi pechasi. Kutendeuka neradius hombe kwaiitwa nekutenderedza mavhiri emberi nekutenderedza vhiri; pakutendeuka neradii diki, mabhureki emavhiri ekutyaira akabatana. Chidhiraivho chaive chine chiratidzo chekumberi chevhiri. Zvombo zvemotokari zvaive zviviri 7,92-mm Rheinmetall-Borzing MG-34 pfuti dzemuchina, dzakaiswa kumberi nekumashure kwekamuri rekurwira rakavhurika. Kazhinji, Sd.Kfz.251 Ausf.A hafu-yakatevedzwa armored vashandi mutakuri akagadzirwa Sd.Kfz.251 / 1 shanduro - infantry transporter. Sd.Kfz.251/4 - artillery tarakita uye Sd.Kfz.251/6 - motokari yekuraira. Muzvidiki zvidiki, kugadziridzwa kweSd.Kfz kwakagadzirwa. 251/3 - motokari dzekukurukurirana uye Sd.Kfz 251/10 - vatakuri vevarwi vane zvombo vane 37-mm cannon. Kugadzirwa kweserial kweSd.Kfz.251 Ausf.A conveyors kwakaitwa kumafekitori eBorgvard (Berlin-Borsigwalde, nhamba dzechasi kubva 320831 kusvika 322039), Hanomag (796001-796030) uye Hansa-Lloyd-320285 (kusvika kuXNUMX) Mutakuri wevashandi vezvombo Sd.Kfz. 251 Ausf. B Kugadziridzwa uku kwakapinda mukugadzirwa kwakawanda pakati pe1939. Vatakuri, vakasarudzwa Sd.Kfz.251 Ausf.B, vakagadzirwa mune dzakawanda shanduro. Misiyano yavo mikuru kubva pakugadziridzwa yapfuura yaive: kushaikwa kwepaboarding yekuona nzvimbo dzevacheche paratroopers, shanduko yenzvimbo yeredhiyo antenna - yakafamba kubva pamberi pebapiro remota kuenda kudivi renzvimbo yekurwira. Machina ekupedzisira ekugadzira akateedzera akagashira nhovo yepfuti yeMG-34. Mukuita kwekugadzirwa kwakawanda, zvivharo zveinjini yemhepo inotora yaive yakashongedzerwa. Kugadzirwa kwemotokari dzeAusf.B kugadziridzwa kwakapedzwa pakupera kwa1940. Sd.Kfz. 251 Ausf.C armored staff carrier Kuenzaniswa neSd.Kfz.251 Ausf.A uye Sd.Kfz.251 Ausf.B michina, maAusf.C mamodheru aive nemisiyano yakawanda, mizhinji yacho yaive nekuda kwechido chevagadziri chekurerutsa tekinoroji yekugadzira yemuchina. Shanduko dzinoverengeka dzakaitwa kudhizaini zvichibva pane yakawanikwa yekurwa ruzivo. Iyo Sd.Kfz. 251 Ausf yakatakura vashandi vezvombo, yakatangwa mukugadzirwa kwakawanda, yakasiyaniswa neyakagadziridzwa dhizaini yechikamu chepamberi chehull (injini compartment). Imwe-chidimbu chemberi chesimbi ndiro yakapa yakavimbika injini kudzivirira. Mamhepo acho aiendeswa kumativi eimba yeinjini uye akafukidzwa nemavharo ezvombo. Mabhokisi esimbi aikiyiwa ane maspare parts, maturusi nezvimwewo aioneka pamafender.Mabhokisi acho akatamiswa kuseri ndokusvika pedyo nepanoperera fenders. Pfuti yemuchina yeMG-34, iri pamberi pekamuri yekurwira yakavhurika, yaive nenhoo yezvombo yaidzivirira kune anopfura. Vatakuri vevashandi vezvombo zvekushandurwa uku vakagadzirwa kubva pakutanga kwe1940. Motokari dzakabuda pamadziro ezvitoro zvegungano muna 1941 dzaive nenhamba dzechasi kubva 322040 kusvika 322450. Uye muna 1942 - kubva 322451 kusvika 323081. Weserhütte muBad Oyerhausen, "Pepa" muGörliutz, "F Schiebling," F Schiebling. Chassis yakagadzirwa naAdler muFrankfurt, Auto-Union muChemnitz, Hanomag muHannover uye Skoda muPilsen. Kubva 1942, Stover muStettin neMNH muHannover vakabatana nekugadzirwa kwemotokari dzine zvombo. Kuchengetedzwa kwakaitwa kumabhizinesi eHFK muKatowice, Laurachütte-Scheler und Blackmann muHindenburg (Zabrze), Mürz Zuschlag-Bohemia muCzech Lipa uye Steinmüller muGummersbach. Kugadzirwa kwemuchina mumwe kwakatora 6076 kg yesimbi. Mutengo weSd.Kfz 251/1 Ausf.С waiva 22560 Reichsmarks (somuenzaniso: mari yetangi yakabva ku80000 kusvika ku300000 Reichsmarks). Mutakuri wevashandi Sd.Kfz.251 Ausf.D Iko kugadziridzwa kwekupedzisira, iyo kunze kwakasiyana kubva kune yakapfuura, mune yakagadziridzwa dhizaini yekumashure kwemota, pamwe nemabhokisi ezvimedu zvemabhokisi, ayo anonyatsokwana mumuviri wakashongedzwa. Parutivi rumwe norumwe rwemutumbi wemutakuri wevarwi vezvombo paiva nemabhokisi matatu akadaro. Dzimwe shanduko dzemagadzirirwo dzaive: kutsiva mayuniti ekutarisa ane nzvimbo dzekuona uye shanduko yechimiro chepombi dzekuburitsa. Shanduko huru yetekinoroji yaive yekuti mutumbi wemutakuri wezvombo wakatanga kugadzirwa newelding. Uye zvakare, kwakawanda tekinoroji kurerutswa kwakaita kuti zvikwanise kukurumidza kukurumidza kuita serial kugadzirwa kwemichina. Kubva 1943, 10602 Sd.Kfz.251 Ausf.D mayunitsi akagadzirwa mune akasiyana siyana kubva kuSd.Kfz.251 / 1 kusvika Sd.Kfz.251 / 23 Kumashure - Pamberi >>