Zviri mukati Tangi T-IV Chombo uye optics Kugadziridza: Ausf.A-D Kugadziridza: Ausf.E - F2 Kugadziridza: Ausf.G-J TTH uye mufananidzo
Medium tank T-IV
Matangi T-IV akagadzirwa nezvombo zvinotevera:
kugadziridzwa A-F, tangi yekurova ine 75-mm howitzer; kuchinjwa G, tangi ine 75 mm cannon ine dhiramu kureba kwe43 caliber; kugadziridzwa N-K, tangi ine 75-mm cannon ine dhiramu kureba kwe48 calibers. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwehuremu hwezvombo, uremu hwemotokari panguva yekugadzirwa hwakawedzera kubva pa17,1 matani (kugadziriswa A) kusvika ku24,6 matani (kugadziriswa N-K). Kubva 1943, kuwedzera kuchengetedzwa kwezvombo, masikirini ezvombo akaiswa pamativi ehull uye turret. Iyo pfuti refu-yakavharwa, yakaunzwa pakugadziridzwa G, NK, yakabvumira iyo T-IV kuti imirire matangi evavengi ehuremu hwakaenzana (a sub-caliber 75-mm projectile yakabaya 1000-mm nhumbi dzokurwa kure kure nemamita 110), asi kupfuura kwayo. , kunyanya yezvekuwedzeredza zvichangobva kugadziriswa, yakanga isingagutsi. Pakazara, nezve 9500 T-IV matangi ezvese zvinogadziriswa akagadzirwa mukati memakore ehondo.
Pakanga pasisina tangi rePz.IV
Tangi PzKpfw IV. Nhoroondo yekusika. Mumakore ekuma20 nekutanga 30s, dzidziso yekushandiswa kwemauto akagadzirwa, kunyanya matangi, yakagadziridzwa nekuedza uye kukanganisa, maonero evanoongorora akachinja kazhinji. Vatsigiri vematangi vakati wandei vaitenda kuti kutaridzika kwemotokari dzehondo kwaizoita kuti kurwa kwenzvimbo nenzira yekurwa 1914-1917 zvigoneke kubva pakuona kwehunyanzvi. Zvakare, maFrench aivimba nekuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzakasimba dzenguva refu dzekudzivirira, dzakadai seMaginot Line. Nyanzvi dzinoverengeka dzakatenda kuti chombo chikuru chetangi chinofanira kunge chiri pfuti yemuchina, uye basa guru remotokari dzakashongedzerwa kurwisa mauto evavengi uye artillery emuvengi, vamiriri vanonyanya kufunga vechikoro ichi vakafunga nezvehondo pakati pematangi. ive isina maturo, sezvo, zvichinzi, hapana divi raigona kukuvadza rimwe. Paiva nemafungiro ekuti rutivi rwaigona kuparadza nhamba huru yematangi evavengi vaizokunda hondo. Senzira huru yekurwisa matangi, zvombo zvakakosha zvine mabhomba akasarudzika - anti-tank pfuti dzine mabhomba ekubaya-zvombo. Kutaura idi, hapana aiziva rudzi rworuvengo rwaizova muhondo yomunguva yemberi. Chiitiko cheSpain Civil War zvakare haina kujekesa mamiriro acho ezvinhu.
Chibvumirano cheVersailles chakarambidza Germany kuti ive nehondo dzakatevedzwa, asi hadzina kukwanisa kudzivirira nyanzvi dzeGermany kushanda pakudzidza dzidziso dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushandiswa kwemotokari dzine zvombo, uye kusikwa kwematangi kwakaitwa nemaGermany pachivande. Muna Kurume 1935 Hitler akasiya zvirambidzo zveVersailles, vechidiki "Panzerwaffe" vatova nezvidzidzo zvese zvedzidziso mumunda wekushandisa uye kurongeka kwehurongwa hwematangi.
Paive nemhando mbiri dzematangi akashongedzerwa akareruka PzKpfw I nePzKpfw II mukugadzirwa kwakawanda pasi pekunge "matarakita ezvekurima".
Kutanga kwekugadzirwa kwetangi rePzKpfw IV kwakatangira muna Ndira 1934, apo uto rakapa indasitiri chirevo chetangi idzva rekutsigira moto risingasviki matani makumi maviri nemana, mota yeramangwana yakagamuchira zita repamutemo Gesch.Kpfw. (24 mm)(Vskfz.75). Mumwedzi gumi nemisere yakatevera, mazvikokota kubva kuRheinmetall-Borzing, Krupp neMAN vakashanda pamapurojekiti matatu anokwikwidzana emotokari yemukuru wemauto ("battalionführerswagnen" yakapfupikiswa seBW). Iyo VK 618/K purojekiti, yakaratidzwa naKrupp, yakaonekwa seyakanakisa chirongwa, chimiro che turret uye hull iri padyo nePzKpfw III tank.
Nekudaro, iyo VK 2001 / K muchina hauna kuenda munhevedzano, nekuti mauto haana kugutsikana neatanhatu-rutsigiro undercarriage nepakati-dhayamita mavhiri pakusimwa kwechirimo, yaifanira kutsiviwa ne torsion bar. Iyo torsion bar suspension, ichienzaniswa nekumisikidzwa kwechirimo, yakapa kufamba kwakapfava kwetangi uye yaive nekufamba kwakamira kwakakura kwemavhiri emugwagwa. Krupp mainjiniya, pamwe nevamiriri veArms Procurement Directorate, vakabvumirana nezve mukana wekushandisa yakagadziridzwa kumiswa kwechitubu patangi ine mavhiri masere madiki-diameter emumugwagwa. Nekudaro, Krupp aifanirwa kudzokorora dhizaini yepakutanga. Mushanduro yekupedzisira, iyo PzKpfw IV yaive musanganiswa wehull uye turret yeVK 2001 / K mota ine chassis ichangobva kugadzirwa naKrupp.
Pakanga pasisina tangi rePz.IV
Iyo PzKpfw IV tangi yakagadzirwa zvinoenderana neyakare dhizaini ine kumashure injini. Nzvimbo yemukuru yakanga iri pedyo neaxis yeshongwe yakananga pasi pebhokisi remutungamiriri, pfuti yakanga iri kuruboshwe rwebheji repfuti, mutakuri akanga ari kurudyi. Munzvimbo yekudzora, iri pamberi petangi, pakanga paine mabasa emutyairi (kuruboshwe rweakisi yemotokari) uye pfuti yeredhiyo (kurudyi). Pakati pechigaro chemutyairi nemuseve paive nekufambisa. Chinhu chinonakidza chekugadzirwa kwetangi kwaive kubviswa kweshongwe neanenge masendimita masere kuruboshwe kweiyo longitudinal axis yemotokari, uye injini - ne8 cm kurudyi kuti ipfuure shaft inobatanidza injini uye kutapurirana. Sarudzo inovaka yakadaro yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera vhoriyamu yakachengetedzwa yemukati kudivi rerudyi rehull yekuisa mapfuti ekutanga, ayo mutakuri anogona kuwana nyore. Iyo tower turn drive ndeyemagetsi.
Iyo yekuturika uye yepasi yaisanganisira mavhiri emugwagwa madiki masere akaiswa mungoro dzine mavhiri maviri akarembera pamashizha emashizha, mavhiri anotyaira akaiswa kumashure kwetangi resloth nema roller mana anotsigira gonye. Munhoroondo yose yekushanda kwePzKpfw IV matangi, kutakura kwavo kwakaramba kusina kuchinjwa, kuvandudzwa kuduku kwakaiswa. Iyo prototype yetangi yakagadzirwa paKrupp chirimwa muEssen uye yakaedzwa muna 1935-36.
PzKpfw IV tangi tsananguro Kudzivirira .
- Mahwendefa akawanda ezvombo akaedzwa kuomarara, ese akagadzirwa. Kuomarara kwemahwendefa ezvombo akagadzirwa kunze nemukati kwaive 300-460 Brinell.
Kune rimwe divi, kurwiswa kwetangi kuMiddle East muna Chikumi 1941 kwakaratidza kuti chinhambwe chemayadhi mazana mashanu (500 m) chinogona kutariswa semuganho wekuita kunoshanda kwepamberi kwePzKpfw IV nepfuti ye457-pounder. Mumwe mushumo wakagadzirwa kuWoolwich pamusoro pekuongorora kudzivirira kwezvombo zvetangi reGermany unotaura kuti “zvombo zviri nani ne2% pane Chirungu chakagadzirwa zvakafanana, uye mune dzimwe nzira zviri nani pane kungofanana.”
Panguva imwe cheteyo, nzira yekubatanidza mahwendefa ezvombo yakashorwa, nyanzvi yeLeyland Motors yakatsinhira pamusoro petsvakurudzo yake nenzira inotevera: “Unhu hwemasimbi hahuna kunaka, masimbi endiro mbiri dzematatu ezvombo munzvimbo iyo projectile yakarova projectile yakatsauka. "
Kushandura dhizaini yechikamu chemberi chetangi hull
Power point.
Iyo Maybach injini yebhuku inoda kushandiswa kwepeturu chete ine octane rating ye74 ine yakazara lubricant shanduko mushure me200, 500, 1000 uye 2000 km yekumhanya. Iyo yakakurudzirwa injini yekumhanyisa pasi peyakajairika mamiriro ekushanda ndeye 2600 rpm, asi munzvimbo dzinopisa (nzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba kweUSSR neNorth Africa), kumhanya uku hakupi kutonhora kwakajairika. Kushandiswa kweinjini sebhureki kunobvumirwa pa2200-2400 rpm, nekumhanya kwe2600-3000 iyi modhi inofanira kudziviswa.
Zvikamu zvikuru zvegadziriro yekutonhodza zvaiva maradiyeta maviri akaiswa pakona ye 25 degrees kusvika kumusoro. Maradiyeta akatonhodzwa nemhepo inofambiswa nemhepo yakamanikidzwa nemafeni maviri; fan drive - bhandi rinofambiswa kubva kune huru mota shaft. Kutenderera kwemvura muhurongwa hwekutonhora kwakapihwa nepombi yecentrifuge. Mhepo yakapinda mukamuri yeinjini nepaburi rakavharwa nevhavha yezvombo kubva kurudyi rwechikepe uye yakakandwa kunze nepaburi rakafanana nekuruboshwe.
Iyo synchro-mechanical transmission yakaratidza kushanda, kunyange zvazvo simba rekudhonza mumagiya akakwirira rakanga rakaderera, saka giya rechitanhatu raingoshandiswa pakutyaira mumugwagwa mukuru. Iyo inobuda shafts inosanganiswa neiyo braking uye inotungamira meshini mune imwechete mudziyo. Kutonhodza mudziyo uyu, fan yakaiswa kuruboshwe kwebhokisi re clutch. Kuburitswa kwepanguva imwe cheteyo kwezvitsigiro zvinogona kushandiswa semabhureki anoshanda ekupaka.
Pamatangi eshanduro dzakazotevera, kumira kwechirimo kwemavhiri emugwagwa kwakaremerwa, asi kutsiva yakakuvadzwa ine mavhiri maviri bogie kwairatidzika kunge kuri nyore kushanda. Kudzvinyirirwa kwegonye kwaidzorwa nenzvimbo yesloth yakaiswa pane eccentric. PaEastern Front, mafambisirwo akasarudzika anozivikanwa se "Ostketten" akashandiswa, izvo zvakavandudza patency yematangi mumwedzi yechando yegore.
Mudziyo wakapfava zvikuru asi unoshanda wekupfekedza gonye rinosvetuka-svetuka wakaedzwa patangi rekuedza rePzKpfw IV. Yaive tepi yakagadzirwa mufekitari yaive nehupamhi hwakafanana nenjanji uye nekuboora kwekubatana nerimu regiya revhiri rekutyaira. . Rumwe rutivi rwetepi rwakanga rwakanamirwa panjanji yakanga yabva, imwe, mushure mekunge yapfuudzwa pamusoro pema rollers, kune vhiri rekutyaira. Mota yakabatidzwa, vhiri redhiraivha rakatanga kutenderera, richikweva tepi uye njanji dzakasungirirwa pairi kusvika marimu evhiri redhiraivha apinda mumitsetse yenjanji. Oparesheni yese yakatora maminetsi akati wandei.
Injini yakatangwa ne 24-volt magetsi ekutanga. Sezvo jenareta remagetsi rinobatsira rakachengetedza simba rebhatiri, zvaive zvichikwanisika kuedza kutanga injini kakawanda pa "ina" pane tangi yePzKpfw III. Muchiitiko chekutadza kwekutanga, kana kuti girisi payakakora muchando chakanyanya, inertial starter yakashandiswa, mubato waive wakabatana nejini shaft kuburikidza negomba mune aft armor plate. Mubato wakatenderedzwa nevanhu vaviri panguva imwe chete, iyo shoma nhamba yekutendeuka kwechibato chinodiwa kutanga injini yaive 60 rpm. Kutanga injini kubva kune inertial starter yave yakajairika munguva yechando yeRussia. Iyo tembiricha shoma yeinjini, iyo yakatanga kushanda zvakajairika, yaive t = 50 ° C apo shaft yakatenderera 2000 rpm.
Kufambisa kutanga injini mumamiriro ekunze anotonhora eEastern Front, imwe nzira yakakosha yakagadziridzwa, inozivikanwa se "Kuhlwasserubertragung" - inodziya yemvura inotonhora. Mushure mekunge injini yeimwe tangi yatangwa uye ichidziya kusvika kune yakajairika tembiricha, mvura inodziya kubva mairi yakapomberwa muinotonhora system yetangi rinotevera, uye mvura inotonhora yakapihwa kune iyo injini yagara ichimhanya - pakanga paine kuchinjana kwemafiriji pakati pekushanda. uye injini dzisina basa. Mushure mokunge mvura inodziya ichidziya motori zvishoma, zvaive zvichibvira kuedza kutanga injini nemagetsi ekutanga. Iyo "Kuhlwasserubertragung" system yaida zvigadziriso zvidiki kune inotonhorera yetangi.
Injini yeMaybach yakagadzirirwa kushanda mumamiriro ekunze ane mwero, uko kuita kwayo kunogutsa. Panguva imwecheteyo, munzvimbo dzinopisa kana guruva rakakwirira, rinoputsika uye rinowanzopisa. Uchenjeri hweBritish, mushure mekudzidza tangi yePzKpfw IV yakatorwa muna 1942, yakagumisa kuti kutadza kweinjini kwakakonzerwa nejecha rinopinda muoiri system, distributor, dynamo uye starter; mafirita emhepo haana kukwana. Paive nenguva zhinji dzejecha raipinda mucarburetor.
