Starter haishande

Paunenge uchishanda mota, zvisinei nerudzi rweinjini yakaiswa, kusashanda kwakajairwa ndiko kutadza kwemutangi, semhedzisiro yekuti hazvigoneke kutanga injini mushure mekubatidzwa. Mune mamwe mazwi, mutangi wemotokari haapindure kana kiyi yatendeutswa mukupisa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, mushure mekushandura kiyi, panzvimbo yekutendeutsa crankshaft yejini inopisa mukati, mutambi wacho akanyarara zvachose, anotinhira kana kuvhara, asi haatangi injini. Tevere, isu tichafunga iyo huru malfunctions, kana iyo yekutanga isingaite chero nzira yekutendeudzira kiyi mukupisa, pamwe nezvimwe zvikonzero zvinogona kutungamirira mukukundikana kweanotangira.

Sei iyo yekutanga isingashande

Motokari inotangisa mota imotokari yemagetsi ine bhatiri yakagadzirirwa kutanga peturu kana injini yedhiziri. Naizvozvo, chishandiso ichi chinoratidzwa nekutadza kwemakanika uye matambudziko mumagetsi ekupa maseketi kana matambudziko munharaunda yekusangana. Kana mutangi wemotokari akasapindura kutendeutsa kiyi mukubatidza uye asingaiti ruzha (nemamwe matambudziko, mutangi anodzvanya kana kurira), ipapo bvunzo inofanira kutanga neinotevera:

• sarudza kuvimbika kwebhatiri kubhadharisa (bhatiri);
• ongorora boka rekubatana rekuvhara kwekuvhara;
• tarisa iyo traction relay (retractor)
• tarisa kushanda kwebendix uye mutangi pachake;

Iro boka rekubatana reiyo ignition switch rinogona kutariswa nekukurumidza. Kuti uite izvi, ingoisa kiyi uye wobatidza moto. Kuvhenekera kwezviratidzi pane dashboard kucharatidza zvakajeka kuti iyo ignition unit iri muhurongwa hwekushanda, ndiko kuti, iko kukanganisa mukudzima kwemoto kunofanirwa kugadziriswa chete kana zviratidzo zvakaratidzwa padashboard zvichibuda mushure mekushandura kiyi.

Kana iwe uchifungidzira bhatiri, zvichave zvakakwana kuti ubatidze zviyero kana mwenje, uye woongorora kuvhenekera kwema bulbs pane dashboard, nezvimwewo. mukana wepamusoro wekubuda kwebhatiri yakadzika. Iwe unofanirwawo kutarisa zviteshi zvebhatiri uye pasi kune muviri kana injini. Kusakwana kana kushaikwa pazviteshi zvepasi kana waya zvinokonzeresa kudonha kwakanyanya. Mune mamwe mazwi, mutangi haazove nesimba rakakwana kubva kubhatiri kuti atange injini.

Kunyanya kukoshesa kunofanira kubhadharwa kune "negative" tambo inobva kubhatiri uye inobatanidza kumuviri wemotokari. Dambudziko rinowanzoitika nderekuti kusangana nevhu hakugone kupera nguva dzese, asi neimwe frequency. Kuti uzvibvise, zvinokurudzirwa kubvisa misa panzvimbo yekunamatira kumuviri, kuchenesa iyo yekubata zvakanaka uye woedza kutanga injini zvakare.

Kuti utarise bhatiri remotokari nemaoko ako pachako, iwe unofanirwa kubvisa iyo isina kunaka terminal, mushure meiyo iyo voltage pabhatiri inobuda inoyerwa ne multimeter. Kukosha pazasi 9V kucharatidza kuti bhatiri rakaderera uye rinoda kuchajwazve.

Kudzvanya kwehunhu kana uchiedza kutanga injini, zvakare ichiperekedzwa nekudzikira kunooneka mukupenya kana kudzima zvachose kwemwenje padhibhodhi, inoratidza kuti solenoid relay iri kudzvanya. Iyo yakatsanangurwa relay inogona kudzvanya zvese muchiitiko chekubuda kwebhatiri, uye semhedzisiro yekusashanda kweiyo retractor kana yekutanga.

Zvimwe zvikonzero nei mutangi angasapindura kana kupisa kwavhurwa

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, pane kukanganisa kwemotokari yekudzivirira-kuba masisitimu (aramu yemotokari, immobilizer). Masisitimu akadaro anongovhara kupihwa kwemagetsi ikozvino kune anotanga mushure mekuparara. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo diagnostics inoratidza kushanda kwakazara kwebhatiri, masimba ekubatika uye zvimwe zvinhu zvemagetsi emidziyo inobatanidzwa mukutanga injini kubva pakutanga. Kuti uve nekutsunga kwakaringana, zvinodikanwa kuti upe simba zvakananga kubva kubhatiri kuenda kune yekutanga, ndiko kuti, kupfuura mamwe masisitimu. Kana iyo yekutanga ikashanda, pane mukana mukuru wekuti anti-kuba system yemotokari kana immobilizer ichakundikana.

Chinhu chinotevera chekutarisa ndeye electromagnetic relay. Muchiitiko chekuputsika, wekutanga anogona:

• nyarara zvachose, ndiko kuti, usaite chero ruzha mushure mekushandura kiyi kune "kutanga" chinzvimbo;
• hum uye mupumburu, asi usatanga injini;
• dzvanya kakawanda kana kamwe chete pasina kufambisa crankshaft;

Bendix uye retractor

Zviratidzo zviri pamusoro zvicharatidza kuti kusashanda kwacho kunowanikwa mune retractor relay kana kuti bendix haibatanidzi flywheel. Ziva kuti mune iyo Bendix, chiratidzo chakanyanya hunhu ndechekuti iyo yekutanga creaks uye haina kutanga injini. Zvakare chiratidzo chakajairika chemutambi wakashata ndechekuti iyo yekutanga inochema asi haitangi injini.

Kuti uedze traction relay, shandisa bhatiri voltage kune relay power terminal. Kana iyo mota ikatanga kutenderera, ipapo retractor starter inonyatso kanganisa. Kakawanda kuparara - nickel kupisa kubva kune vanobatika. Kuti uibvise, iwe uchada kubvisa relay kubvisa nickels. Mushure mekuparadzana, iwe uchiri kufanirwa kunge wakagadzirira kutsiva nekukurumidza kweiyo traction relay, sezvo pafekitori mapedhi ekusangana akafukidzwa nekudzivirira kwakakosha kunodzivirira moto panguva yekushanda. Kubhururuka kunozoreva kuti iyo layer yabviswa, saka zvakaoma kufanotaura kuti riini retractor pennies inoda kupiswa patsva.

Iye zvino ngatitarisei kune trunk bendix. Bendix igiya iro torque inofambiswa kubva kune inotangisa kuenda kune inobhururuka. Iyo Bendix yakaiswa pane imwechete shaft seyekutanga rotor. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani, zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise kuti mutambi anoshanda sei. Nheyo yekushanda ndeyekuti mushure mekushandura kiyi yekubatidza kune "kutanga" chinzvimbo, ikozvino inopihwa kune electromagnetic relay. Iyo retractor inoendesa voltage kune yekutanga mhepo, semhedzisiro iyo bendix (giya) inobatana neiyo flywheel ring giya (flywheel ring). Mune mamwe mazwi, kune musanganiswa wemagiya maviri ekufambisa kutanga torque kune flywheel.

Mushure mekutanga injini (iyo crankshaft inotanga kutenderera yakazvimiririra), kana iyo yekutanga ichimhanya, kiyi mukiyi yekudzima inokandwa kunze, iyo magetsi kune traction relay inomira kuyerera. Kusavapo kwemagetsi kunotungamirira kukuti retractor inobvisa bendx kubva paflywheel, semugumisiro wekuti mutangi anomira kutenderera.

Kupfeka kwebhendix giya kunoreva kushaikwa kweyakajairwa yekubatanidza neiyo flywheel ring giya. Nechikonzero ichi, ruzha runogona kunzwika kana injini ichirova, uye mutambi anogonawo kutenderera akasununguka pasina kubatikana uye kurira. Mamiriro akafanana anoitika kana mazino eiyo flywheel ring giya akapfekwa. Kugadzirisa kunosanganisira disassembling the starter kutsiva bendix uye/kana kubvisa transmission kutsiva flywheel. Kuti utarise bendix iwe pachako, iwe unozofanirwa kuvhara maviri emagetsi mabatiro pane traction relay. Ikozvino yemagetsi ichapfuura relay, iyo inosarudza kutenderera kwekutanga. Muchiitiko icho chinotanga chinotendeuka nyore uye kurira, iwe unofanirwa kutarisa kunaka kwekubatanidzwa kwebhendix ne flywheel.

Starter bushings

Kuputsika kazhinji kunosanganisirawo kusashanda zvakanaka kwekutanga bushings. Starter bushings (starter bearings) iri kumberi nekumashure kwemuchina. Aya mabhengi anodiwa kutenderedza shaft yekutanga. Nekuda kwekupfeka kweanotanga shaft mabearings, iyo traction relay inodzvanya, asi iyo yekutanga haibatike yega uye haina crank injini. Kukanganisa uku kunoratidzika seizvi:

• iyo yekutanga shaft haitore nzvimbo chaiyo padivi pe shaft;
• kunewo dunhu rakapfupika rekutanga uye yechipiri windings;

Mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana anogona kutungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti windings inopisa kunze, magetsi emagetsi anonyunguduka. Dzimwe nguva pfupi pfupi inoitika mumagetsi emagetsi emotokari, zvichikonzera moto. Kana iyo yekutanga inodzvanya, asi isingabatike yega, haugone kubata kiyi munzvimbo ye "kutanga" kwenguva yakareba. Kuedza kupfupi kwekutanga kunokurudzirwa, sezvo paine mukana wekuti shaft inogona kudzokera kunzvimbo yayo.

Ndokumbira utarise kuti kunyangwe mushure mekutanga kwakabudirira kweinjini yekupisa kwemukati, iyo yekutanga inoda kukurumidza uye inosungirwa kugadziriswa kutsiva mabhengi. Ziva kuti kugadzirisa shaft yekutanga kunogona kukonzera pfupi pfupi uye moto. Isu tinowedzerawo kuti mutangi ane dambudziko bushings anogona kushanda zvachose "kutonhora", asi kuramba kuruka "kupisa".

Kana iyo yekutanga isingadzise kana injini isina kutenderera zvakanaka mushure mekudziya, zvino zvakakosha:

• tarisa bhatiri, zviteshi zvebhatiri uye magetsi ekubatanidza. Kana bhatiri riri mumamiriro akanaka uye 100% yakachajiswa pamberi perwendo, uye ndokuzoburitswa, saka iwe unofanirwa kutarisa jenareta regulator relay, jenareta bhandi, tension roller uye jenareta pachayo. Izvi zvichabvisa kubuda kwebhatiri uye kunotevera undercharging mukufamba;
• ipapo iwe unofanirwa kutarisisa kune ignition system uye iyo mafuta ekupa system, tarisa iyo spark plugs. Kushaikwa kwemhinduro pamusoro pekushanda kweaya masisitimu, achiperekedzwa nekuti iyo yekutanga haina kutendeuka zvakanaka nebhatiri yakachajwa, inoratidza kusashanda kwekutanga.

Ndokumbira utarise kuti mudziyo unopisa zvakanyanya pamwe chete neinjini iri mukamuri yeinjini. Kupisa iyo yekutanga kunokonzera kupisa kwekuwedzera kwezvimwe zvinhu mukati memudziyo. Mushure mekugadzirisa mutangi uye kutsiva mabhushi, iyo yakatsanangurwa kuwedzera kwekutanga mabheji kunoitika. Kukanganisa pakusarudza saizi yebhushi chaiyo inogona kukonzera kuvharika kweshaft, zvichikonzera kuti mutangi usatendeuke kana kutenderera zvishoma nezvishoma painjini inopisa.

Starter brushes uye windings

Sezvo chinotangisa chiri mota yemagetsi, mota yemagetsi inoshanda nekuisa voltage kune yekutanga mhepo kubva kubhatiri kuburikidza nemabhurashi. Mabhurashi anogadzirwa negraphite, saka anosakara mukati menguva pfupi.

Chirongwa chakajairika ndechekuti, kana iyo yakakosha kupfeka kwekutanga mabhurashi yasvika, magetsi haapiwe kune solenoid relay. Muchiitiko ichi, mushure mekushandura kiyi yekudzima, mutangi haaite chero nzira, kureva kuti, mutyairi haazonzwi ruzha rwemota yemagetsi uye kudzvanya kweiyo yekutanga traction relay. Kuti ugadzirise, iwe uchada disassemble the starter, mushure mezvo zvakakosha kuongorora mabhurashi, anogona kupera uye anoda kutsiviwa.

Mune dhizaini yemutangi wemotokari, ma windings ari pasi pekupfeka. Chiratidzo chechimiro ndiko kunhuwa kwekupisa paunenge uchitanga injini, izvo zvicharatidza kukundikana kwekutanga. Sezvakaita mabhurashi, iyo yekutanga inofanira kubviswa, uye wozoongorora mamiriro emhepo. Mhepo yakatsva inosviba, iyo varnish layer pavari inopisa. Isu tinowedzera kuti kazhinji mhepo yekutanga inopisa kubva pakupisa kana injini ichimhanya kwenguva yakareba, kana zvave zvakaoma kutanga injini yekupisa mukati.

Mukupfupisa, ndinoda kuona kuti mutangi anogona kushandurwa kweasingasviki 5-10 masekondi, mushure meizvozvo kuzorora kwemaminetsi 1-3 kunodiwa. Kuregeredza mutemo uyu kunotungamirira kukuti vatyairi vasina ruzivo vanokwanisa kudzika bhatiri uye nekukurumidza kupisa bhatiri rinoshanda zvakakwana kana injini isingatangi kwenguva yakareba. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvinowanzodiwa kuti uchinje mutangi, sezvo kudzorera mhepo inopisa inopisa haina kudhura kupfuura kutenga mutsva.