Karenda peji: Zvita 31 - Ndira 6

Tinokukoka iwe kuongororo yezviitiko munhoroondo yeindasitiri yemotokari, yegore rino inowira svondo rino.

Zvita 31.12.1953, XNUMX | Yakagadzira yekutanga prototype yeSiren

MunaNovember 1951, kugadzirwa kwemotokari yekutanga mushure mehondo "Warsaw" yakatanga. Yakanga iri motokari huru, inodhura yakanga isina kugadzirwa kutakura munhuwo zvake weKowalski. Pamwero wehurumende, kudikanwa kwokugadzira dhizaini duku, inofambiswa neinjini duku yepeturu, iyo yaigona kusundwa nemasayendisiti, vatori venhau, uye vatungamiriri vemubatanidzwa kwakakurumidza kuzivikanwa.

Hongu, muna 1953 basa rakatanga paSirena, iyo yekutanga fungidziro yaive yekushandisa senge zvinhu zvakawanda kubva kuWarsaw: mavhiri, mabhureki disc, zvinobata zvekuvhundutsa, chidhiraivho, mukati memukati uye mwenje.

Pakabvumiranwawo kuti motokari iyi ngaive nemavhiri ekumberi, injini ine mavhiri maviri, trunk hombe uye inogara vanhu 4 kusvika ku5. Yakanga yakarongerwa kuvaka motokari pamapuranga ane dermatoid ndiro dzakaiswa pairi. Saka vashoma vokutanga prototypes vakasikwa, yokutanga yakanga yakagadzirira December 31, 1953.

Gore rakatevera racho, basa racho rakaenderera mberi. Pakupedzisira, zvakasarudzwa kushandisa simbi yesimbi muviri. Muna 1956, zvinyorwa zvekugadzirwa zvakakwana zvakatogadzirwa, uye muna 1957, mazana ekutanga emotokari akaunganidzwa. Kugadzirwa kweseri kwakatanga muna 1958 uye kwakaenderera kusvika June 1983.

1.01.1975 | Foundation Iveco

Iveco, nhasi mumwe weanonzi "Big Seven" vanogadzira marori, ikambani idiki. Yakagadzirwa chete muna 1975, i.e. makumi emakore anoverengeka mushure mekutanga DAF, Renault, Mercedes uye Scania marori.

Kana Iveco yakasikwa kubva pakutanga, pakati pe-s, apo dambudziko remafuta rakanga richipisa, zvingasava nyore. Neraki, iyo mhando yakagadzirwa zvishoma zvakasiyana. Pasi pekutsigira kweFiat, makambani akati wandei akabatanidzwa: Fiat, Lancia, OM, Unic uye chikamu cheGerman cheMagirus-Deutz.

Chikumbiro chaIveco chaive chakwana, kubva kumavhani nemarori akareruka kusvika kune matirakita nemarori akagadzirirwa kusimudzira. Muna 1978, Iveco Daily yakatangwa uye kusvikira nhasi imwe yevani yakakosha pamusika weEurope.

2.01.2014/XNUMX/XNUMX | Fiat inotora Chrysler

Musi waNdira 2, 2014, Fiat yakazivisa danho rinotevera mukutora kwayo Chrysler, iyo yakatanga muna 2009. Pakutanga, Fiat yakawana 20 muzana yemhando yeAmerica, uye chikamu chikuru chakawanikwa muna 2012. MaItaly haana kugumira ipapo. Kuwana kwakazara kweChrysler kwakaitika muna Ndira 2, 2014, apo yakasara 41,5 muzana yezvikamu zvakatengwa nemadhora 3,65 bhiriyoni. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvikwanisike kuwana kunetseka kutsva. Fiat Chrysler Automobiles yakavambwa muna Gumiguru 12, 2014. Akapedza gore rake rekutanga rekushanda aine 4,6 miriyoni mota dzakatengeswa.

Ndira 3.01.1926, XNUMX | Kuberekwa kwePontiac brand

Pakazosvika pakati pe-s, iyo portfolio yeGeneral Motors yaive nenhamba yakakosha yemhando. Paiva Chevrolet, Oldsmobile, Cadillac, GMC, Oakland, LaSalle uye, zvechokwadi, Buick, kubva iyo nhoroondo yekunetseka yakatanga. General Motors Board yakasarudza kugadzira Pontiac brand, yakatumidzwa zita remutungamiri weIndia akarwa nemaBritish. Iyo kambani yaifanirwa kuve yakachipa imwe nzira kune Oakland mota.

Dambudziko rehupfumi rekupera kwema1931 rakaunza shanduko kusangano. Oakland yakavhara gore iroro, uye Pontiac yakave yakabatana zvakanyanya neChevrolet, izvo zvinogona kuderedza mari yekugadzira.

Iyo Pontiac yave iri mota yemutyairi sedate kwemakore mazhinji, uye tekinoroji yakanga isina kusiyana neChevrolet, sezvayaive pakutanga kwekushanda kwayo.

Iyo kambani yakagara kusvika dambudziko rehupfumi rinotevera, iro rakadzora zvakanyanya General Motors. Muna 2009, kugadzira kwakamiswa.

4.01.2011 | Mercury brand kuvhara

Mushure mokunge mwanakomana waHenry Ford Edsel atora, pakanga pane shanduko dzakawanda. Muna 1922, Ford yakatenga Lincoln kuti ikwikwidze nemotokari dzemakwikwi dzine mukurumbira. Paidiwawo mhando yepakati pakati peFord yakachipa neLincoln inodhura. Muchiitiko ichi, zvakasarudzwa kugadzira kambani itsva. Mercury yakavambwa muna 1938. Nokuda kwezvikonzero zvehondo, kutanga kwakanga kusingafadzi, asi pashure pokupera kwekushanda muEurope nePacific, budiriro yakatanga.

Motokari idzi dzaidhura zvishoma kudarika Ford dzadzakanga dzichibva pairi, asi dzaiva nemidziyo iri nani uye injini dzine simba zvishoma. Kugadziridzwa kwemaitiro kwakagadzirwawo, asi tekinoroji iyo Mercury yaive yakavakirwa pane yakachipa Ford. Kuvandudzwa kwechigadzirwa kwakaenderera mberi mumakore akatevera, uye kuderera kwakakomba hakuna kuitika kusvika mireniyumu itsva, apo chikamu chemusika chakaderera gore negore.

Muna 2000, 359 zviuru zvakatengeswa. mota; muna 2005 pakanga patova 195 zviuru. ed. Mugore rekupedzisira rebasa, chigumisiro chakawira ku93 zviuru. mota, inoverengera 1% yemusika. Kubviswa kwepamutemo kweiyo brand kwakaitika muna Ndira 4, 2011.

Ndira 5.01.1996, XNUMX | General Motors inozivisa kutanga kwekutengesa kwemotokari yayo yekutanga yemagetsi

Mota yemagetsi yekutanga yeGeneral Motors, iyo EV1, yakakomberedzwa nekurangana kubva kumakambani emafuta akavhara kusimudzira kweprojekiti.

Musi waNdira 5, 1996, General Motors yakazivisa kuti yaizoparura mota yayo yemagetsi gore iroro. Sezvineiwo, iyi yaive mota ine General Motors logo, kusiyana nedzimwe mota muboka, yaive nemalogo emhando dzakagadzirwa kana kuwanikwa neGM. EV1 yaifanirwa kunge iri ratidziro yehunyanzvi hwekunetsekana kwese.

Basa pamuenzaniso rakatanga mukupera kwema1990. Yekutanga pfungwa mota yakaratidzwa muna 1994, uye prototypes yakaonekwa muna 1996. Mukupera kwa2003, General Motors yakazivisa chirongwa chekurenda muCalifornia neArizona icho chaive chiripo kusvika 1117. 2003 mayuniti emuenzaniso akagadzirwa uye akagashira yakanakisa ongororo yemushandisi. Mutorwa aive magumo echirongwa chegore uye kuparadzwa kukuru kwemidziyo.

Ndira 6.01.1973, 770 | Mercedes-Benz XNUMXK inotengeswa nemari yerekodhi

Mercedes-Benz 770K ndiyo yakasarudzika mota yeGerman panguva yayo, uye panguva imwecheteyo mota huru yaAdolf Hitler uye shamwari dzepedyo dzemutungamiri weTatu Reich. Haisi kungove nechitarisiko chakanaka uye kupera kwakanakisa, asiwo injini yakanaka kwazvo ine kutama kweanopfuura 7.6 litres, iyo yakaburitsa 150 hp, uye kunyange 230 hp pamwe chete necompressor.

Iyi mota chaiyo yakatengeswa paauction muna Ndira 1973 semotokari yaAdolf Hitler. Okisheni yakapera nerekodhi mari yemadhora zana nemakumi mashanu nematatu. Panguva iyoyo, yakanga iri mari yakawanda zvikuru yakanga yamboshandiswa nomunhu pamotokari.

Semotokari yepamusoro, motokari iyi yakanga ine muviri wakasimbiswa uye 5,5-6 mm gobvu pasi uye 40 mm gobvu mahwindo. Nhumbi dzakawedzera huremu kusvika matani mana uye dzakaderedza kumhanya kwepamusoro kusvika ku4 km / h.

Zvinofadza, vhiki mushure mekutenga rekodhi, zvakazoitika kuti mushandisi aive Mutungamiriri weFinland, uye kwete Hitler. Izvozvo hazvina kumutadzisa kurova rekodhi yake inotevera apo mutengi akasarudza kuitengesa mushure memwedzi mitanhatu chete.