Stuletnia Kommuna

Kununura ngarava yezvikepe zvepasi pemvura "Commune" pamureza parade. Mufananidzo wemazuva ano. Mufananidzo naVitaly Vladimirovich Kostrichenko

Chikunguru uno wakaratidza kusvitsa makore zana kwekumisikidzwa kweyakasarudzika ngarava yekununura yepasi pemvura Commune, yaimbozivikanwa seVolkhov. Nyaya yake inoshamisa munzira dzakawanda - akapona muhondo mbiri dzenyika, Hondo Yemashoko, uye kuparara kwehumambo hwetsarist uye mutsivi wayo, Soviet Union. Kusiyana nezvakawanda zvitsva, zvikepe zvemazuva ano zvakakasira kuputswa, murwi uyu achiri kushanda, ari iye ega asara emubatanidzwa wezvikepe zveTsarist. Hapana kana boka rimwe chete rezvikepe munyika rinogona kudada nekuva nechinhu chakadaro.

Kubviswa kweFrance kubva kumauto eNATO muna 1966 kwakamhanyisa zviito zvakaita kuti iwane rusununguko mukuchengetedza nyika kubva pakurwiswa kweUSSR. Zvichakadaro, kare muna 1956, basa rezvombo zvenyukireya rakawedzerwa, richiitwa nevevanhu Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA - komiti yeatomic simba rave riripo kubva 1945). Mhedzisiro yacho yaive yakabudirira detonation ye "mudziyo" mukuru weGerboise Bleue muAlgiers muna 1960. Mugore rimwe chetero, Mutungamiri Mukuru Charles de Gaulle akasarudza kuumba Force de Frappe (chaizvoizvo, uto rehondo, iro rinofanira kunzwisiswa sechisimba chinodzivisa). Hunhu hwavo hwaive hwekuwana rusununguko kubva kugwara remutemo raiteverwa neNATO. Muna 1962, chirongwa cheCoelacanthe chakatangwa, chinangwa chayo chaive chekugadzira chikepe chepasi pemvura chinonzi ballistic missile inozivikanwa seSous-marin Nucléaire Lanceur d'Engins (SNLE). Mauto akadaro aifanira kuumba musimboti webazi idzva remauto, Force Océanique Stratégique, kana kuti Strategic Oceanic Force, yaive chikamu chakakosha cheForce de Frappe. Chibereko cheCoelacanthe chaive Le Reoutable chataurwa pakutanga. Zvisinei, izvi zvisati zvaitika, magadzirirwo engarava yenyukireya akaitwa muFrance.

Muna 1954, dhizaini yechikepe chekutanga chekurwisa chine simba rakadaro (SNA - Sous-marin Nucléaire d'Attaque) yakatanga. Yaifanirwa kuva nehurefu hwemamita 120 uye kutamiswa kweanenge matani 4000. Musi waJanuary 2, 1955, kuvakwa kwayo kwakatangwa paArsenal muCherbourg pasi pezita rokuti Q 244. Zvisinei, basa pa reactor rakafambira mberi zvishoma nezvishoma. Iko kusagoneka kwekuwana yakafumiswa uranium kwakatungamira kudikanwa kwekushandisa inorema mvura reactor pane yakasikwa uranium. Zvisinei, mhinduro iyi yakanga isingagamuchirwi nekuda kwehukuru hwekuiswa, iyo yakapfuura kukwanisa kwechiitiko chacho. Nhaurirano nevaAmerica kuti vawane tekinoroji yakakodzera, kana kunyange iyo uranium yakapfumiswa, haina kubudirira. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, muna March 1958, chirongwa "chakamiswa". Nezvekutangwa kwechirongwa chambotaurwa cheCoelacanthe, zvakasarudzwa kupedzisa Q 244 sechiyedzo chekumisikidza kuyedza mabhomba. Iyo yakajairwa propulsion system yakashandiswa uye superstructure yakaiswa pakati pezvikepe zvakavhara pamusoro pezvina rocket zvinovhura, maviri acho aive prototypes akaiswa kuLe Redoutable. Basa rakatangazve muna 1963 pasi pezita idzva Q 251. Keel yakaiswa musi wa 17 Kurume. Gymnot yakatangwa gore rimwe chete gare gare - Kurume 17, 1964. Yakagadzwa muna Gumiguru 17, 1966, yakashandiswa kuburitsa zvombo zvinokandwa zveM-1, M-2, M-20 uye roketi yekutanga-nhanho nhatu dzechizvarwa chitsva. zvombo zvinokandwa - M-4.

Kubudirira kweLe Redouable kwakavakirwa, muchikamu, pakuvandudzwa kwekutanga kwepasi-based pressureed water reactor ine submarine propulsion. Iyo prototype PAT 1 (Prototype Terre 1) yakagadzirwa nekuda kwekuedza kwakabatana kweECA neMarine Nationale nyanzvi panzvimbo yeCadarache bvunzo padyo neMarseille. Basa rakatanga kutangwa kweCoelacanthe kusati kwapedzwa muna April 1962, uye risingasviki gore gare gare, PAT 1 yakagamuchira magungano emafuta. Kutanga kwekutanga kwekuiswa kwakaitika pakati pe 1964. Munguva kubva munaOctober kusvika kuDecember, chirongwa chacho chakashanda chinoramba chichienderera mberi, icho chaienderana nekumhanya kweanenge 10 km. mm mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. Kubudirira kuyedzwa kweRAT 1 uye ruzivo rwakaunganidzirwa rwakaita kuti zvikwanise kuvaka chinangwa chekuisa uye nokudaro yakavhura nzira yekugadzirwa kwekutanga SNLE, uye ipapo SNS. Mukuwedzera, akabatsira kudzidzisa nyanzvi dzekushanda kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi enyukireya pazvikepe.