Rusununguko, kukurumidza, humidification yemagetsi

Nekuwedzeredza kudiki, vatapi venhau vanonyora nezvediki Estonia senyika iyo, nerubatsiro rwehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano, yakabvisa bureaucracy, iko kugadzira dhijitari. Kunyangwe isu tichizivawo nezvekubviswa kwepepa (1) nekuunza mhinduro dzepamhepo, kusimbiswa kwedhijitari uye masiginecha emagetsi kubva kuPoland, Estonia yaenda zvakanyanya.

Mishonga yemishonga? MuEstonia, vanga vari online kwenguva yakareba. Ndiyo City Hall here? Hapana mubvunzo wekumira mumitsetse. Kunyoresa uye kubviswa kwemotokari? Zvakazara online. Estonia yakagadzira chikuva chimwechete chezvese zviri pamutemo nyaya zvichibva pamagetsi echokwadi uye masiginecha edhijitari.

Nekudaro, kunyangwe muEstonia mune zvinhu zvisingagone kuitwa nemagetsi. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuroorana, kurambana, uye kutamiswa kwemidziyo. Kwete nekuti hazvibviri nehunyanzvi. Hurumende yakangosarudza kuti munyaya idzi kwaifanira kumira pamberi pomumwe mukuru mukuru.

Digital Estonia inogara ichishanduka nekuwedzera e-masevhisi matsva. Kubva muchirimo chegore rino, semuenzaniso, vabereki vemwana achangozvarwa havafanire kuita chero chinhu kumunyoresa semugari mutsva - kana kupinda muhurongwa, kana kuzadza mafomu epamhepo, kana kuvimbisa chero chinhu neEDS. . Vedzinza ravo rinongopinzwa mugwaro revanhu uye vanogashira email inotambira mugari mutsva.

Martin Kaevac, chimwe chezviremera zvinonyanya kukosha pakuita zvedigital, chinodzokorora kuti chinangwa chehurumende yeEstonia ndechekugadzira hurongwa huchatsigira vagari vayo pasina kuvatadzisa. Sezvaanotsanangura, kushanda kweramangwana kweiyi "nzvimbo isingaoneki" inogona, semuenzaniso, kutaridzika sekuti kana muEstonia mutsva aberekwa, hapana mubereki haafaniri "kuronga chero chinhu" - hapana zororo rekuberekwa, hapana rubatsiro rwemagariro evanhu kubva kunharaunda, hapana nzvimbo. mukireshi kana mukireshi.kireshi. Zvose izvi zvinofanira "kuitika" zvachose.

Kuvimba kunoita basa rakakura mukuvaka yakadaro nyika yedhijitari, isiri-bureaucratic. Vanhu vekuEstonia vanonzwa zvirinani nezvenyika yavo kupfuura vanhu vazhinji vari munyika, kunyangwe masisitimu avo ari pasi pezviitiko zvekunze, kunyanya kubva kuRussia.

Chiitiko chakashata cheiyo huru cyberattack yavakasangana nayo muna 2007 ingangove ndangariro dzinoshungurudza, asiwo chidzidzo chavakadzidza zvakawanda kubva mairi. Mushure mekunge vavandudza kuchengetedza uye nzira dzekudzivirira dzedhijitari, ivo havachatya zvakanyanya nezve cyber aggression.

Havatyiwo hurumende yavo sezvaingoitwa nedzimwe nzanga dzakawanda, kunyange hazvo Mwari achivachengeta. Vagari vemuEstonia vanogona kugara vachitarisisa data ravo pamhepo uye kutarisa kuti uye sei vachiwana masangano ehurumende kana makambani akazvimirira.

Blockchain iri kutarisa Estonia

Iyo axis ye e-estonia system (2) ndiyo yakavhurika sosi software X-Mugwagwa, yakagadzika ruzivo rwekuchinjana sisitimu inobatanidza akasiyana dhatabhesi. Iyi yeruzhinji musana weEstonian digital system iri mukati blockchain () inonzi KSI, i.e . Cheni iyi dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa nemamwe masangano akaita seUS Department of Defense.

- taura vamiririri vezviremera zveEstonia. -

Kushandiswa kwebhuku rakagovaniswa risingakwanise kudzimwa kana kupepetwa ndiyo kiyi yekubudirira kweiyo X-Road system. Izvi zvinopa vagari veEstonia kutonga kwakawanda pamusoro pe data ravo, uku vachideredza kupindira kubva kuvakuru vepakati.

Semuenzaniso, vadzidzisi vanogona kuisa mamakisi murejista yemumwe munhu, asi vasingakwanise kuwana zvinyorwa zvavo zvekurapa muhurongwa. Masefa akasimba maitiro uye zvirambidzo zviripo. Kana munhu achiona kana kugamuchira mumwe munhu pasina mvumo, anogona kunzi ane mhosva pasi pemutemo weEstonia. Izvi zvinoshandawo kuvakuru vakuru vehurumende.

Chero zvazvingava, iyo inoshandiswa mue-Estonia inoonekwa nenyanzvi dzakawanda sezano rakanaka rekurwisa hurumende. Iko kushandiswa kweiyo encrypted blockchain kunogona kuvandudza mashandiro eiyo decentralized process.

kubudirira, semuenzaniso mhanyisa kuunganidzwa kwezvinyorwa kubva kunhamba huru yemasangano ehurumende asina maitiro anoenderana kana hukama hwepedyo hwesangano. Unogona kuda izvi kunatsiridza siled uye zvinonetsa maitirosekupihwa rezenisi nekunyoresa. Kutsinhana kwemashoko pakati pemasangano ehurumende nevega ega - mumunda wemabasa ekutsigira, kubhadhara inishuwarenzi, tsvakiridzo yekurapa kana kusimudzira, mukutengeserana kwenyika dzakawanda - inovandudza zvakanyanya kunaka kwemabasa kune vagari.

Hanzvadzi yebureaucracy, yakashata kupfuura mukadzi achiri mbereko ane madhesiki nemapepa, huori. Zvagara zvichizivikanwa kuti blockchain inogonawo kubatsira mukudzikisira kwayo. Typical smart contract kujekakana achimuvenga zvachose, saka anonyanya kudzikamisa kugona kuvanza zvinofungidzirwa kutengeserana.

Data yeEstonian kubva mukudonha kwekupedzisira inoratidza kuti ingangoita zana muzana yemakadhi eID munyika iyoyo ndeyedhijitari, uye chikamu chakafanana chinopihwa nechiremba. Huwandu hwemasevhisi anopihwa nemusanganiswa wetekinoroji uye yeruzhinji kiyi zvivakwa () yave yakakura kwazvo. Masevhisi ekutanga anosanganisira: i-vote - vhoti, electronic tax service - yekugara kwese nehofisi yemutero, Bhizinesi remagetsi - pazvinhu zvine chekuita nekuita kwebhizinesi, kana e-tiketi - kutengesa matikiti. Vanhu vekuEstonia vanogona kuvhota vari chero kupi zvako pasi rose, kusaina nekutumira magwaro zvakachengeteka, mafomu emutero wefaira, nezvimwewo. Mari yakachengetwa kubva mukushandisa hurongwa unofungidzirwa 2% KLK.

600 kutanga VPs

Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoratidza kuti chinoshanda munyika duku, yakanyatsorongeka uye yakabatana haifaniri hazvo kushanda munyika huru dzakaita sePoland, tisingarevi hofori dzakasiana-siyana dzakaita seUnited States kana India.

Nyika dzakawanda dziri kutora hurumende digitalisation mapurojekiti. Vese muPoland uye munyika mune zvakare vashoma vavo mune izvi. zvirongwa zvisiri zvehurumende. Muenzaniso ipurojekiti (3), yakagadzirwa makore angangoita gumi apfuura uye ine chekuita, kunyanya, kutsvaga mhinduro kumatambudziko etekinoroji nekukurukurirana ane chekuita nekushanda kwezviremera nemahofisi.

Vamwe "nyanzvi" vanogona, hongu, kukakavara nechokwadi chisingazununguki chokuti hurumende haidzivisiki uye inotodiwa mukushanda kwakaoma kwemasangano akaoma munzvimbo dzakaoma. Nekudaro, hazvigone kurambwa kuti kukura kwayo kukuru mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura kwakakonzera mhedzisiro yakasimba yehupfumi hwese.

Semuenzaniso, Gary Hamel naMichelle Zanini vanonyora nezvazvo mune imwe nyaya yakabudiswa mugore rapfuura Harvard Business Review. Vanoshuma kuti pakati pa1948 na2004, kugadzirwa kwevashandi kweUS kusiri kwemari kwakawedzera neavhareji ye2,5% pagore, asi gare gare kwakangoita avhareji ye1,1%. Vanyori vanotenda kuti izvi hazvisi netsaona. Bureaucracy inonyanya kurwadza mumakambani makuru anotonga hupfumi hweUS. Parizvino, vanopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevashandi vekuUS vanoshanda mumabhizinesi anoshandisa vanhu vanopfuura vashanu. paavhareji kusvika pamatanho masere ekutungamira.

MaAmerican startups haana hutongi hwejekerere, asi kunyangwe nevezvenhau, havana kukosha kwehupfumi munyika ino. Uyezve, sezvavanokura, ivo vamene vanova vanyajambwa vehurumende. Vanyori vanopa muenzaniso wekambani yeIT inokurumidza kukura iyo, apo kutengesa kwayo kwegore negore kwakasvika madhora mabhiriyoni mana, yakakwanisa "kukura" vanosvika mazana matanhatu evatevedzeri vemutungamiri. Semuenzaniso, Hamel naZanini vanotsanangura zvakanyanya kushanda kweChinese yemagetsi uye mugadziri wemidziyo yemumba, Haier, iyo inodzivirira hutongi hwehurongwa uye zvinobudirira. Vakuru vake vakashandisa zvigadziriso zvesangano zvisina kujairika uye mutoro wakakwana wemakumi ezviuru evashandi zvakananga kumutengi.

Chokwadi, zvinzvimbo zvevakuru ndezveboka renzvimbo dzine ngozi. kufambira mberi otomatiki. Nekudaro, kusiyana nemamwe mabasa, isu tinobata urovha pakati pavo nekuzvidemba kushoma. Zvinoramba zvichitarisirwa kuti nekufamba kwenguva nyika yedu ichawedzera kuita se-e-Estonia, uye kwete seRepublic yehurumende yakaramba ichimira pazvinzvimbo zvayo.