T-90M - tangi itsva yeuto reRussia
Iyo itsva vhezheni ye "makumi mapfumbamwe" - T-90M - inotaridzika inoshamisa kubva kumberi. Yakanyanya kuoneka modules yesimba rekudzivirira "Rielikt" uye misoro yekutarisa uye inovavarira zvishandiso zvemoto control system "Kalina".
Musi waSeptember 9, manheru eZuva rechikepe, kuratidzwa kwekutanga kwevanhu kweshanduro itsva yeT-90 MBT kwakaitika panzvimbo yekudzidzira yeLuga pedyo neSt. Muchina wekutanga wemuchina wemazuva ano, wakasarudzwa T-90M, wakatora chikamu mune chimwe chezvikamu zveZapad-2017 maekisesaizi. Munguva pfupi iri kutevera, motokari dzakadaro muhuwandu hwakawanda dzinofanira kupinda muzvikwata zvekurwisana zveGround Forces yeArmed Forces yeRussian Federation.
Nguva pfupi yapfuura, muvhiki yekupedzisira yaAugust, panguva yeMoscow forum "Army-2017" (ona WiT 10/2017), Ministry of Defense yeRussia yakasaina zvibvumirano zvakawanda nemugadziri wetangi - Uralvagonzavod Corporation (UVZ). Maererano nemumwe wavo, Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation inofanira kugamuchira nhamba yemotokari inobvumira kugadzirira chikamu chezvombo, uye kutakura kunofanira kutanga gore rinouya. Kurongeka kweT-90M inhanho inotevera muchirongwa chekuvandudza chinogara chiripo kumatangi eRussia anga achishanda kwemakore akawanda, anofananidzirwa nekukwidziridzwa kukuru kwemotokari dzeT-72B kusvika pachiyero cheB3 (ona WiT 8/2017) , kunyangwe mune iyi kesi ingangoita kutenga mota nyowani. Mukutanga kwegore, ruzivo rwakaonekwa nezve hurongwa hwekuvandudza matangi ese eT-90 ari kushanda nePolish Armed Forces kune imwe modhi, i.e. dzinenge 400 mota. Zvinokwanisikawo kugadzira motokari itsva.
Iyo tangi nyowani yakagadzirwa sechikamu chepurojekiti yekutsvagisa yakanyorwa "Prrany-3" uye isarudzo yekusimudzira yeT-90/T-90A. Iyo inonyanya kukosha fungidziro yaive yekuvandudza zvakanyanya iyo mikuru paramita inotaridza kukosha kwekurwa kwetangi, kureva, firepower, survivability uye traction maitiro. Midziyo yemagetsi yaifanira kukwanisa kushanda munzvimbo yetiweki-centric uye kutora mukana wekuchinjana nekukurumidza kweruzivo rwehunyanzvi.
Mufananidzo wekutanga weT-90M wakaratidzwa muna Ndira 2017. Yakasimbisa kuti tangi iri padyo neT-90AM (export designation T-90MS), yakagadziridzwa sechikamu chePripy-2 purojekiti pakupera kwemakore gumi ekutanga e90th century. Nekudaro, kana muchina uyu, nekuda kwekusafarira kweuto reRussia, wakagadzirwa mune imwe vhezheni yekutumira kunze, saka T-XNUMXM yakagadzirirwa Mauto Emauto eRussian Federation. Mune tangi iri kukurukurwa, mhinduro dzakawanda dzakashandiswa dzakanga dzisina kushandiswa kare mu "nineties", asi dzaimbozivikanwa, kusanganisira nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemazuva ano.
T-90M Anatomy uye Kupona
Iyo inonyanya kuoneka uye yakakosha nguva yemazuva ano ndiyo shongwe itsva. Iyo ine welded chimiro uye hexagonal chimiro. Iyo inosiyana neiyo turret inoshandiswa muT-90A/T-90S, kusanganisira hurongwa hwemakomba ekubvisa misoro yekuona, kuvapo kweniche uye madziro ekumashure akadzikama panzvimbo peyakamboshandiswa yakakombama. Mukombe wemutungamiriri unotenderera wakasiiwa uye wakatsiviwa nekorona yekusingaperi ine periscopes. Yakanamirwa kumadziro ekumashure kweshongwe ndiro huru ine, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, chikamu chemoto.
Kubva pakaburitswa ruzivo rwekutanga nezvePripy-3 purojekiti, pave nemazano ekuti T-90M ichagashira nyowani Malachite rocket shield. Mifananidzo yetangi rakapedzwa inoratidza kuti zvakadaro zvakasarudzwa kushandisa Rielikt nhumbi dzokurwa. Munzvimbo yepamberi, inosvika 35 ° kuruboshwe uye kurudyi kwendege refu ye turret, nhumbi huru yetangi yakafukidzwa neinorema Rielikt modules. Makaseti aivewo pamusoro pedenga redenga. Mukati mune reactive zvinhu 2S23. Mukuwedzera, mabhokisi-akaumbwa ma modules ane 2C24 kuisa akarembera kubva pamadziro emadziro eshongwe, munzvimbo yakachengetedzwa nemahwendefa esimbi akaonda. Mhinduro yakafanana yakaunzwa munguva pfupi yapfuura pane yazvino vhezheni yeT-73B3. Iwo ma module akafukidzwa neakareruka sheet simbi casing.
T-90AM (MS) muna 2011 kugadzirisa. Iyo 7,62 mm iri kure-inodzorwa kupfura chinzvimbo inonyatso kuoneka pane turret. Pasinei nekuita, kwakanyanya kudarika T-90 / T-90A, Mauto eRussian Federation haana kutya kutenga matangi emazuva ano zvichienderana nemigumisiro yepurogiramu yePripy-2. Nekudaro, iyo T-90MS yakaramba iri mukupihwa kunze kwenyika.
Masero eRielikt akafanana muhukuru kune akatangira Kontakt-5, asi shandisa imwe nzira inoputika. Musiyano mukuru uri mukushandiswa kwemakaturiji matsva anorema, akatamiswa kubva kune huru nhumbi dzokurwa. Madziro avo ekunze akagadzirwa nesimbi mapepa anenge 20 mm gobvu. Nekuda kwechinhambwe pakati pekaseti uye nhumbi dzokurwa dzetangi, mahwendefa ese ari maviri anobata penetrator, uye kwete - se "Contact-5" - chete madziro ekunze. Ndiro yemukati, mushure mekunge sero raputika, richienda kuchikepe, rinodzvanya penetrator kana cumulative jet kureba. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kweasymmetry yefunneling process mumashizha akarerekera zvakasimba, iyo isinganyanyi kunetseka mupendero webullet inoita pane projectile. Inofungidzirwa kuti "Rielikt" hafu yesimba rinopinda remazuva ano rinopinda uye saka rinoshanda kaviri nehafu kupfuura "Contact-5". Dhizaini yemakaseti uye maseru pachawo akagadzirwa kuti ape dziviriro kubva kune tandem misoro inoputika.
Mamodule ane 2C24 masero akagadzirirwa kudzivirira kubva kumisoro inounganidzwa. Kuwedzera kune reactive kuisa, iwo ane simbi uye epurasitiki gaskets akagadzirirwa kuve nechokwadi chekudyidzana kwenguva refu kwezvinhu zvezvombo nekuyerera kunopinda mukati me cartridge.
Chechipiri chakakosha cheRielikt ndiyo modularity yayo. Kuparadzanisa chivharo muzvikamu zvinokurumidza kuchinja kunoita kuti zvive nyore kugadzirisa mumunda. Izvi zvinonyanya kuonekwa munyaya yeganda repamberi refuselage. Panzvimbo peiyo hunhu 5 kusangana-laminate makamuri akavharwa ne screw caps, ma module akaiswa pamusoro pezvombo zvakashandiswa. Rielikt inodzivirirawo mativi efuselage pakukwirira kwenzvimbo yekudzora uye imba yekurwira. Pazasi pemaapuroni akasimbiswa mashizha erubha anovhara zvishoma mavhiri anotakura uye anodzikamisa kukwira kweguruva paunenge uchityaira.
Mativi neshure kwekamuri yekudzora, pamwe chete nemudziyo wekuseri kweshongwe, zvakafukidzwa nezvidzitiro zvemarata. Iyi yakapfava mhando yezvombo ingangoita 50-60% inoshanda kurwisa imwe-nhanho HEAT warheads eanorwisa-tank grenade kuvhura.
T-90MS paIDEX 2013 mu Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Mukuwedzera kune basa rekupenda remugwenga, tangi yakagamuchirawo marambi matsva uye mamwe makamera emutyairi.
Mumufananidzo wekutanga weT-90M, zvidzitiro zvelattice zvakadzivirira hwaro hwe turret kubva kumberi nemativi. Pamotokari yakaunzwa munaGunyana, zvivharo zvakatsiviwa nemesh inoshanduka. Iko kunobva kufemero, pasina mumvuri wekusahadzika, ndiyo mhinduro yakagadzirwa neBritish kunetseka QinetiQ, ikozvino inozivikanwa seQ-net, (aka RPGNet), yakashandiswa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, paPolish wolverines panguva yekushanda muAfghanistan. Iyo sheath ine hurefu hupfupi hwetambo yakasungirirwa mune mesh ine mapfundo makuru esimbi. Iwo ekupedzisira zvinhu anoitawo basa rakakosha mukukuvadza HEAT projectile warheads. Kubatsira kwegridhi ndiyo yakaderera uremu, kusvika kaviri pasi peiyo yematepi skrini, pamwe nekureruka kwekugadzirisa. Kushandiswa kwebhutsu inochinjika zvakare kunoita kuti zvive nyore kumutyairi kukwira nekudzika. Kubudirira kwetiweki kurwisa zviri nyore HEAT zvombo zvinofungidzirwa pa50-60%.
Iyo T-90MS yakamutsa kufarira kwevakawanda vangangove vashandisi. Muna 2015, muchina uyu wakaedzwa munda muKuwait. Sekureva kwenhau, nyika yaida kutenga 146 T-90MS mota.
Zvichida, sezvakaitika kune T-90MS, mukati mekurwisana uye zvigaro zvekutungamirira zvakagadzirirwa ne-anti-fragmentation layer. Mats anoderedza njodzi yekukuvara kune nhengo dzevashandi pane isina-yakapinda hits uye kuderedza kukuvadzwa mushure mekupinda kwezvombo. Mativi uye pamusoro peiyo carousel inotakura ye cannon loading system yakafukidzwawo nezvinhu zvekudzivirira.
Mukuru wetangi akagamuchira nzvimbo itsva yakagadziriswa panzvimbo ye turret inotenderera. Dhizaini yehatch inokubvumira kuti uigadzirise munzvimbo yakazaruka zvishoma. Muchiitiko ichi, mutungamiri anogona kutarisa zvakatipoteredza kuburikidza nemucheto wehatch, achivhara musoro wake nechivharo kubva kumusoro.
Runyerekupe pamusoro pekushandiswa kweazvino Afghanit self-defense system muT-90M yakazove isiri yechokwadi, sezvaive zvakaita nhumbi dzokurwa dzeMalachite. Yakasiyana yeSztora system, yakasarudzwa TSZU-1-2M, yakaiswa pamotokari yakaunzwa munaGunyana. Inosanganisira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, mana laser radiation detectors iri pashongwe, uye control panel panzvimbo yemutungamiriri. Kana kutyisidzira kwaonekwa, sisitimu inogona kudzima utsi uye magirinedhi eerosol (ichienzaniswa neT-90MS, marongerwo evanovhura ayo akachinjwa zvishoma). Kusiyana neshanduro dzakapfuura dzeSztora, iyo TSZU-1-2M haina kushandisa infrared heaters. Zvechokwadi, hazvigoni kutongerwa kuti mune ramangwana T-90M ichagamuchira yakanyanyisa kuzvidzivirira hurongwa. Nekudaro, kushandiswa kweAfganit, nehurongwa hwayo hwakakura hwekuona kutyisidzira uye girinedhi yeutsi uye anti-missile kuvhura, zvaizoda shanduko huru mukugadziriswa kwemidziyo yeturret uye, chokwadi, haigone kufuratirwa nevacherechedzi.
Kune T-90MS, pasuru yecamouflage yakagadzirwa, yaive musanganiswa weNakidka neTiernownik zvinhu. Inogonawo kushandiswa paT-90M. Iyo pasuru inoshanda senge deformation camouflage mune inooneka spectrum uye inodzikamisa kuoneka mu radar uye inopisa tangi ine tangi ine iyo. Kupeta uku kunoderedzawo mwero wekupisa kwemukati memotokari kubva mumwaranzi yezuva, kuburitsa masystem ekutonhodza nemhepo.
Hondo
Iyo huru yezvombo zveT-90M ndeye 125 mm smoothbore pfuti. Nepo mavhezheni epamberi e "makumi mapfumbamwe" kusvika parizvino agamuchira pfuti mumhando ye2A46M-5, kana iri yekuvandudza ichangoburwa, mutsauko we2A46M-6 unotaurwa. Dhata yepamutemo pa2A46M-6 haisati yaitwa pachena. Nhamba yakatevera mune index inoratidza kuti kumwe kugadziridzwa kwakaitwa, asi hazvizivikanwe kana ivo vakatungamira mukuvandudzika mune mamwe ma parameter kana kuti vaive nehunyanzvi hwetekinoroji.
T-90M panguva yekuratidzira paLuga yekudzidzira pasi - ine mesh skrini uye itsva 12,7-mm GWM chiteshi.
Kurema kwepfuti inenge 2,5 tani, iyo isingasviki hafu inowira pabhodhoro. Kureba kwayo 6000 mm, iyo inofanana ne48 calibers. Iyo dhiramu tambo yakatsetseka-yakavakirwa uye chrome-yakaputirwa kwehupenyu hurefu. Iyo bayonet yekubatanidza inoita kuti zvive nyore kutsiva dhiramu, kusanganisira mumunda. Iyo dhiramu yakafukidzwa neheat-insulating casing, iyo inoderedza mhedzisiro yekupisa pakurongeka kwekupfura, uye zvakare yakashongedzerwa ne-self-blower.
Pfuti yakagamuchira system inodzora kutsauka kwebhomba. Iyo ine mwenje wemwenje emitter ine sensor iri padyo nepfuti casing uye girazi rakaiswa padyo nemuromo webhari. Iyo mudziyo inotora zviyero uye inotumira iyo data kune iyo moto control system, iyo inoita kuti zvikwanise kufunga nezve simba rekudengenyeka kwebhari mukugadzirisa kombiyuta yeballistic.
Pakaonekwa ruzivo rwekutanga, rushoma nezve T-90M, zvaifungidzirwa kuti tangi yaizove neimwe yemhando dzakasiyana dzepfuti 2A82-1M, inova ndiyo huru yezvombo zveT-14 Armata. Dhizaini nyowani, ine dhiramu kureba kwe56 calibers (inova mita kupfuura iyo 2A46M). Nekuwedzera iyo inobvumidzwa kudzvanywa mukamuri, iyo 2A82 inogona kupisa zvombo zvine simba zvakanyanya, uye inofanirawo kuve yakanyatsojeka kupfuura yakatangira. Mifananidzo yeT-90M kubva munaGunyana gore rino. zvisinei, ivo havatsigire kushandiswa kweimwe yemhando dze2A82.
Pfuti inotyairwa nemuchina wekurodha weAZ-185 akatevedzana. Iyo sisitimu yakagadziridzwa kuti ishandise-yakareba-inopinda sub-caliber zvombo senge Swiniec-1 uye Swiniec-2. Zvombo zvinotsanangurwa se 43 rounds. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pamusoro pemapfuti makumi maviri nemaviri mu carousel uye gumi mu turret niche, pfuti gumi nembiri dzakaiswa mukati mekamuri yekurwira.
Parizvino, hapana ruzivo nezve zvishandiso zvine chekuita nekudzikamisa uye kutungamira pfuti huru. Panyaya yeT-90MS, shanduro yezvino ye2E42 yakasimbiswa yakashandiswa, ine electro-hydraulic gun lifting mechanism. Russia yakagadzirawo yakazara magetsi system 2E58. Iyo inoratidzirwa, kusanganisira kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa, kuwedzera kuvimbika uye kuwedzera kwechokwadi kuenzaniswa nemhinduro dzakapfuura. Mukana wakakosha zvakare kubviswa kweiyo hydraulic system, iyo inogona kuve nengozi kune vashandi kana ikakuvadzwa mushure mekupwanya nepakati pezvombo. Nokudaro, hazvigoni kutaurwa kuti 90E2 yakashandiswa muT-58M.
Zvombo zvekubatsira zvinosanganisira: 7,62 mm pfuti yemuchina 6P7K (PKTM) uye 12,7 mm pfuti yemuchina 6P49MT (Kord MT). Yekutanga yakabatana necannon. Iyo stock ye7,62 × 54R mm cartridges ndeye 1250 marounds.
Nhumbi dzezvombo zvitsva uye imba yekuseri kuseri kwe turret yakashandura silhouette yeNinety yakakwidziridzwa. Padivi pane danda rine hunhu hwekuzvidhonza wega mota kana ichinge yanamira munzvimbo ine machakwi.
Mushure mekuburitswa kweT-90MS, kukakavara kwakawanda kwakakonzerwa nekubata kwayo kwechipiri PKTM, yakaiswa panzvimbo inodzorwa kure yekupfura T05BV-1. Chinhu chikuru chekushoropodza chaive chekushomeka kwezvombo izvi kurwisa zvipfuro zvehondo zvakaita semotokari dzehondo dzakareruka uye zvikopokopo. Naizvozvo, T-90M akasarudza kudzokera MG. Iyo 12,7-mm Kord MT pfuti yakaiswa panzvimbo inodzorwa-remote pane tangi turret. Chigadziko chayo chakaiswa coaxially kutenderedza hwaro hwemutungamiriri's panoramic chiridzwa. Kuenzaniswa neT05BW-1, gomo idzva rine asymmetrical, nepfuti kuruboshwe uye ammo rack kurudyi. Chigaro chemutungamiriri uye mudziyo hauna kubatanidza uye unogona kutenderedzwa zvakazvimirira kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Mushure mekunge mutungamiriri asarudza nzira yakakodzera, chiteshi chinotevera mutsara wekuona kwepanoramic chiridzwa. Makona ekupfura anogona kunge akasara asina kuchinjika kana achienzaniswa nemodule ine T-90MS uye anotangira kubva -10 ° kusvika 45 ° vertically uye 316 ° yakatwasuka. Kuwanda kwema cartridges e12,7 mm caliber ndeye 300 rounds.
Chiitiko chekukakavadzana kwemazuva ano chinoratidza kuti kunyange mabhomba eHEAT akare anogona kutyisidzira matangi emazuva ano paanopinda munzvimbo dzisina kudzivirirwa. Nhumbi dzekrete dzinowedzera mukana wekuti mota haigamuchire kukuvara kwakanyanya kana pakaitika kurova kwakadaro.
Iyo bar screen zvakare inovhara iyo yekubuda. Iyo armored hull yeyebetsero simba jenareta inoonekwa kumashure kwehull.
Moto control system uye mamiriro ekuziva
Imwe yeanonyanya kukosha shanduko yakaitwa panguva yemazuva ano ye "makumi mapfumbamwe" ndeyekusiya zvachose iyo yakamboshandiswa moto control system 1A45T "Irtysh". Pasinei nemaitiro akanaka uye kushanda, nhasi Irtysh ndeyemhinduro dzechinyakare. Izvi zvinoshanda, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kukamurwa kuita masikati neusiku pfuti zviridzwa uye hybrid architecture yehurongwa hwese. Yekutanga yemhinduro dzambotaurwa yakanzi inergonomic uye isingashande kwemakore. Zvakare, iyo yakavhenganiswa chimiro chegadziriro inoderedza kukanganisa kwayo kuchinja. Kunyangwe komputa yeballistic iri mudziyo wedhijitari, hukama hwayo nezvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, semuenzaniso, kuunzwa kwedhizaini nyowani yepfuti ine nyowani ballistic zvivakwa zvinoda hardware shanduko padanho rehurongwa. Panyaya yeIrtysh, mamwe matatu akasiyana eiyo 1W216 block akaunzwa, achigadzirisa masaini eanalog kubva pakombuta yeballistic kuenda kune chombo chekutungamira system, zvinoenderana nerudzi rwakasarudzwa rwecartridge.
Iyo yemazuva ano DKO Kalina yakashandiswa muT-90M. Iyo inoratidzira yakavhurika dhizaini, uye moyo wayo idhijitari ballistic komputa inobata data kubva kumasensa, zvinoonekwa uye turret crew consoles. Iyo yakaoma inosanganisira otomatiki chinangwa chekutevera system. Iko kuwirirana pakati pezvinhu zvega zvehurongwa zvinogadzirwa kuburikidza nebhazi redhijitari. Izvi zvinogonesa kuwedzera uye kutsiva kwemamodule, kuitiswa kwezvigadziriso zvesoftware, uye kurerutsa kuongororwa. Inopawo kubatanidzwa netangi yemagetsi system (inonzi vector zvemagetsi).
Iyo pfuti yetangi ine maonero akawanda-channel PNM-T "Sosna-U" yekambani yeBelarusian JSC "Pieleng". Kusiyana neT-72B3, umo chigadzirwa ichi chakashandiswa panzvimbo yekuona kwehusiku, kuruboshwe rwe turret, T-90M ine mudziyo uri pedyo zvakananga pamberi pechigaro chetangi. Izvi zvinoita kuti chinzvimbo chemupfuti chiwedzere ergonomic. Iyo Sosna-U optical system inoshandisa magnification maviri, × 4 uye × 12, iyo iyo ndima yekuona iri 12 ° uye 4 °, zvichiteerana. Chiteshi chehusiku chinoshandisa kamera inodziya yekufungidzira. Thales Catherine-FC zvishandiso zverudzi urwu zvakaiswa mumatangi eRussia kusvika zvino, asi zvakare zvinokwanisika kushandisa yazvino Catherine-XP kamera. Makamera ese ari maviri anoshanda muchikamu che8-12 microns - refu-wave infrared radiation (LWIR). Iyo ishoma yepamusoro modhi inoshandisa 288x4 detector array, nepo Catherine-XP inoshandisa 384x288. Yakakura sensor saizi uye senitivity inotungamira, kunyanya, kune kuwedzera kwechinangwa chekutarisa renji uye kuvandudzwa kwemhando yemufananidzo, iyo inofambisa kuzivikanwa. Zvirongwa zviviri zvekamera zvinopa magnifications maviri - × 3 uye × 12 (munda wekuona 9 × 6,75 ° uye 3 × 2,35 °, zvichiteerana) uye ane zoom yedhijitari inobvumira kutarisa nekukudza × 24 (munda wekuona 1,5 × 1,12 ,XNUMX °). Mufananidzo unobva kuchiteshi chehusiku unoratidzwa pane chekutarisa panzvimbo yepfuti, uye kubva masikati unoonekwa kuburikidza neziso rekuona.
Iyo pulsed laser rangefinder yakavakirwa muSosny-U kesi. Neodymium yero crystal emitter inopa 1,064 µm danda. Kuyera kunogoneka kure ne50 kusvika ku7500 m nekururama kwe ± 10 m. Mukuwedzera, Riflex-M missile guided unit inosanganiswa nekuona. Iyi module inosanganisira semiconductor laser iyo inogadzira inoenderera wave wave.
Chionioni chekupinza chemudziyo chakagadzikana mundege mbiri. Avhareji yekudzikamisa kukanganisa inotarirwa kuve 0,1 mrad kana ichifamba nekumhanya kusvika ku30 km / h. Dhizaini yekuona inokubvumira kuti uchinje chinzvimbo chemutsara wekunangisa mutsetse kubva -10 ° kusvika 20 ° yakatwasuka uye 7,5 ° yakatwasuka pasina chikonzero chekutenderera shongwe. Izvi zvinovimbisa kurongeka kwepamusoro kwechinangwa chekufamba maererano nemotokari inoiperekedza.
Pamusoro peSosna-U, iyo PDT yekuona yakaiswa paT-90M. Inoshanda sechinhu chekubatsira kana chekukurumidzira. PDT yakaiswa pakati pekuona kukuru nepfuti, musoro weperiscope wakaburitswa nepaburi padenga. Dzimba idzi dzinogara masikati neusiku makamera achishandisa residual light amplifier. Mufananidzo weterevhizheni unogona kuratidzwa pamonitor yepfuti. Iyo PDT ndima yekuona ndeye 4 × 2,55 °. Iyo grid inogadzirwa neiyo projection system. Giridhi, kuwedzera kune yekumisa chiratidzo, inosanganisira zviyero zviviri zvinokutendera kuti uone huwandu hwechinangwa pahurefu hwayo hwe2,37 m (yepfuti) uye 1,5 m (yecoaxial muchina pfuti). Mushure mekuyera chinhambwe, mupfuti anoseta chinhambwe achishandisa koni, iyo inogadzirisa nzvimbo yereticle zvinoenderana nerudzi rwepfuti yakasarudzwa.
Iyo yekuona yekupinda girazi inosanganiswa nemuchina kune cradle uchishandisa system yemalevers. Rudzi rwekufamba kwakamira kwegirazi kubva -9 ° kusvika 17 °. Mutsara wekuona unogadzikana zvichienderana nechombo, avhareji yekudzikamisa kukanganisa haipfuure 1 mrad. Iyo PDT yakashongedzerwa neayo magetsi ekupa, ichipa 40 maminetsi ekushanda.
Mavhavha eSosna-U uye PDT misoro inokwira pamusoro pesirin'i level ine zvivharo zvinofambiswa zvinodzorwa kure uye kudzivirira lenzi dzemidziyo. Ichi chinhu chitsva chakakurumbira munyaya yemotokari dzeRussia. Pamatangi ekutanga, malenzi ekuona angave asina kudzivirirwa kana zvivharo zvakavharwa.
MuT-90M, sezvakaitika kune T-90MS, vakasiya kapu yemutungamiriri inotenderera zvishoma. Mukudzoka, akapiwa nzvimbo yakamira, yakakomberedzwa neine wreath yemasere periscopes, pamwe nepanoramic yekutarisa uye yekuona mudziyo wePolish Academy yeScience "Eye Falcon's". Pasi peimwe neimwe ye periscopes pane bhatani rekufona. Kudzvanya pairi kunoita kuti iyo panoramic yekuona itenderere kune inoenderana chikamu chekutarisa.
Seri kwechivharo chemutungamiriri chakaiswa "ziso reFalcon", rakafanana neBelarusian "Pine-U". Makamera maviri akaiswa mumuviri wakajairwa, zuva uye kufungidzira kwekupisa, pamwe nelaser rangefinder. Mumazuva modhi, iyo unit inoita x3,6 uye x12 magnification. Munda wekuona ndeye 7,4 × 5,6 ° uye 2,5 × 1,9 °, maererano. Iyo yehusiku track yakavakirwa paCatherine-FC kana XP kamera. Iyo laser rangefinder ine maitiro akafanana neaya anoshandiswa muSosno. Muviri wecylindrical wekuona unogona kutenderedzwa kuburikidza nekona yakazara; Rutivi rwakamira rwekufamba kwegirazi rekupinda kubva -10 ° kusvika 45 °. Mutsara wekunangwa wakagadzikana mundege mbiri, avhareji yekudzikamisa kukanganisa haipfuure 0,1 mrad.
Pedyo-kumusoro kweT-90M turret. Iwo akavhurika mavhavha eiyo optics yekutarisa kwemutungamiriri uye pfuti uye yekuvavarira zvishandiso, pamwe nelaser radiation sensor uye chiutsi grenade chinovhura zvinonyatsooneka. Mesh screen ine basa rakafanana neshamhu kana tsvimbo butiro asi rakareruka zvakanyanya. Uyezve, hazvidzivisi mutyairi kutora nzvimbo yake.
Mifananidzo kubva kumakamera epanoramic mudziyo inoratidzwa pane yemutungamiriri monitor. Kalina's DCO kumisikidzwa inomupa mukana kune anenge ese masisitimu mabasa. Kana zvichidikanwa, anogona kutora kutonga kwezvombo uye kushandisa Hawkeye, Sosny-U husiku chiteshi kana PDT kutungamira. Mune yekutanga maitiro ekudyidzana nepfuti, basa remukuru ndere kuona zvinangwa uye kuvaratidza nepanoramic mudziyo zvinoenderana neiyo "muvhimi-mhondi" musimboti.
Sezvatotaurwa, Kalina SKO yakabatana nemamwe maT-90M emagetsi masisitimu, i.e. control, navigation and communication system. Iko kubatanidzwa kunopa nzira mbiri-otomatiki kuyerera kweruzivo pakati petangi uye positi yekuraira. Izvi zvine chekuita nedatha, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, chinzvimbo chemasimba uye muvengi akaonekwa, mamiriro uye kuwanikwa kwepfuti kana mafuta, pamwe nemirairo uye inoda rutsigiro. Mhinduro dzinobvumira mutungamiriri wetangi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kushanda kwechinangwa chekuona panzvimbo yakakodzera yenzvimbo, uchishandisa dashboard yeakawanda-tasking command yekutsigira system ine mepu inoratidza.
Kuziva kwemukuru wemamiriro ezvinhu kunowedzerwa nekushandiswa kweimwe nzira yekuongorora yakaunzwa makore mashoma apfuura paT-90MS. Inosanganisira makamuri mana. Matatu acho aive pamhanho ye sensor yemamiriro ekunze, akaiswa padenga reshongwe kuseri kwehatch yepfuti, uye yechina yaive pamadziro ekurudyi eshongwe. Imwe neimwe kamera ine ndima yekuona ye95 × 40 °. Iyo yakavakirwa-mukati yakasara mwenje amplifier inokutendera iwe kuti utarise mune yakaderera mwenje mamiriro.
Kuenzaniswa neyakapfuma optoelectronic midziyo yeshongwe, iyo yekutarisa michina yemutyairi weT-90M ine hurombo. Iyo tangi yakaratidzwa haina kuwana imwe yekuwedzera zuva / husiku yekutarisa system, inozivikanwa kubva kune imwe ye "chiratidzo" shanduko yeT-90AM / MS. Panzvimbo yekuvhenekera kweramangwana re LED, tandem yechiedza chinooneka FG-127 uye infrared light FG-125, inozivikanwa kwemakumi emakore akati wandei, inoiswa pamberi pefuselage. Kushandiswa kwekamera yakaparadzana yekumashure kamera hakuna zvakare kusimbiswa. Basa rayo, zvisinei, kune imwe nhanho inogona kuitwa nemakamera eiyo surveillance system pashongwe.
Parizvino, hapana ruzivo nezve topographic yekubatanidza uye masisitimu ekutaurirana anozivikanwa. Nekudaro, zvingangoita kuti T-90M yakagamuchira kit yakafanana neT-90MS, ichiibvumira kutora mukana weiyo digital vectronics uye moto control system. Iyo package inosanganisira hybrid navigation system ine inertial uye satellite modules. Zvakare, kutaurirana kwekunze kunoenderana neredhiyo masisitimu eAkwieduk system, ayo akaiswawo, kusanganisira mumatangi eT-72B3.
Mota dzimwechete, pamwe prototypes, T-90M uye T-80BVM dzakatora chikamu mumitambo yeZapad-2017.
Maitiro ekudhonza
Kana iri T-90M drive, shanduko yakakosha zvikuru kana ichienzaniswa neshanduro dzakapfuura dze "makumi mapfumbamwe" ndiko kushandiswa kwe "mutyairi" mutsva wekudzora system. Mabhii maviri akanga ashandiswa pamatangi eSoviet neRussia kwemakore akatsiviwa neshuttlecock steering vhiri. Gear ratios inoshanduka otomatiki, kunyangwe kudhindwa kwemaoko kunochengetwa zvakare. Kugadziriswa kunoita kuti zvive nyore kudzora tangi. Nekuda kwekuzorodzwa kwemutyairi, avhareji yekumhanya uye simba rayo rakawedzerawo zvishoma. Nekudaro, hapana kutaurwa kunoitwa kubvisa kwakakosha kudhirowa kwemagiya mabhokisi anoshandiswa kusvika zvino, inova iyo chete reverse giya inobvumira chete inononoka kudzosera kumashure.
Zvichida, T-90M yakagamuchira simba rakafanana neT-72B3. Iyi injini yedhiziri yeW-92S2F (yaimbozivikanwa seW-93). Kuenzaniswa neW-92S2, simba rekubuda kweiyo inorema musiyano yakawedzera kubva 736 kW/1000 hp. kusvika 831 kW/1130 hp uye torque kubva 3920 kusvika 4521 Nm. Shanduko dzekugadzira dzinosanganisira kushandiswa kwemapombi matsva uye nozzles, yakasimbiswa yekubatanidza tsvimbo uye crankshaft. Iyo yekutonhodza sisitimu uye mafirita mune yekudyara system yakashandurwa zvakare.
Huremu hwekurwa hwemazuva ano "makumi mapfumbamwe" hunotarwa pamatani 46,5. Iyi itani imwe nehafu pasi peiyo yeT-90AM / MS. Kana nhamba iyi yakarurama, saka iyo chaiyo inorema ndeye 17,9 kW / t (24,3 hp / t).
Iyo magetsi yeT-90M inotorwa zvakananga kubva kune zvakagadziriswa zveT-72, saka haisi kukurumidza-kuchinja. Nhasi iyi idambudziko guru. Kugadzirisa kunotora nguva yakareba kana injini kana kutapurirana kutadza.
Kudiwa kwemagetsi kana injini yadzimwa inopiwa nejenareta remagetsi rinobatsira. Kufanana neT-90MS, yakaiswa mumashure fuselage, pasherufu yeruboshwe. Iyi ingangove chip yakanyorwa DGU7-P27,5WM1 ine simba re7 kW.
Nekuda kwekuwedzera kurema kwetangi kana ichienzaniswa neT-90A, kuturika paT-90M kwainyanya kusimbiswa. Panyaya yeT-90MS yakafanana, shanduko dzaive dzekushandisa mavhiri emigwagwa mitsva ane mabearings uye hydraulic shock absorbers. Patani itsva yegonye yakaunzwa zvakare, yakabatana netangi reArmata. Kana zvichidikanwa, izvo zvinongedzo zvinogona kuisirwa zvivharo zverabha kuderedza ruzha uye vibration paunenge uchityaira panzvimbo dzakaoma, pamwe nekudzikamisa kukuvadzwa kwemugwagwa.
Kumashure kwekuona kweT-90M panguva yekuratidzira kuMutungamiri weRussia Vladimir Putin panzvimbo yekudzidzira yeLuga.
Summation
Kubudirira kweT-90M ndiyo nhanho inotevera yepurogiramu yenguva refu yekuvandudzwa kwemauto eRussia. Kukosha kwaro kunosimbiswa nemishumo ichangobva kuburitswa yekuderedzwa kwemaodha echizvarwa chitsva cheT-14 Armata mota uye hurongwa hwekutarisisa nezvekuvandudzwa kwematangi ekare atove mumutsara kubva kuSoviet Union.
Hazvisati zvajeka kuti kondirakiti neUVZ ine chekuita nekuvakwa patsva kwe "nineties" mubasa kana kuvakwa kwemamwe matsva zvachose. Sarudzo yekutanga inokurudzirwa nemishumo yapfuura. Chaizvoizvo, inosanganisira kutsiva T-90 / T-90A shongwe neitsva, uye zvinoreva izvi hazvina chokwadi. Kunyangwe dzimwe mhinduro dzatove dzechinyakare, kutsiva kweiyo turrets yepakutanga haidiwe munguva pfupi. Zvisinei, haigoni kubviswa zvachose. Iyo yemazuva ano yehuwandu hweT-80BV matangi makore mashoma apfuura inogona kushanda semuenzaniso. T-80UD shongwe dzakaiswa pahull dzemichina iyi (inofungidzirwa isingavimbisi nekuda kwekushandiswa kweiyo isiri yeRussia-yakagadzirwa 6TD yakatevedzana dizeli injini). Matangi akadaro echizvino-zvino akaiswa pabasa pasi pezita reT-80UE-1.
Mukufamba kwemakore akati wandei, Mauto Ehondo eRussian Federation haana kungogadziriswa chete, asiwo akawedzerwa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuvandudzwa kwezvimiro zvemauto ane zvombo uye chiziviso chekudzikamisa maodha eArmata, kugadzirwa kweT-90Ms nyowani kunoratidzika kunge kungangoita.
T-80BVM
Pachiratidziro chakafanana neT-90M, T-80BVM yakaratidzwawo kekutanga. Iyi ndiyo pfungwa yazvino yekuvandudza kweakanyanya serial mavhezheni e "makumi masere" ari kushandiswa kwemauto eRussia. Yakapfuura kugadziridzwa kweT-80B / BV, i.e. T-80BA neT-80UE-1 mota dzakapinda basa muhuwandu hushoma. Kuvandudzwa kweT-80BVM yakaoma uye zvibvumirano zvakatosaina zvinoratidza kuti Mauto eRussian Federation haana chinangwa chekusiya motokari dzemhuri iyi. Maererano nezviziviso, matangi akakwidziridzwa achatanga kuenda ku4th Guards Kantemirovskaya Tank Division, achishandisa "XNUMX", zvakare mune UD yakasiyana.
T-80BVM panguva yekuratidzira inoperekedza Zapad-2017 kurovedza. Chidzitiro cherubha chakasimbiswa chinomiswa pamberi pechikamu chefuselage, yakafanana nemhinduro inoshandiswa muPolish PT-91.
Iyo yemazuva ano yemazana akati wandei (pamwe padanho rekutanga re300 chirongwa) T-80B / BV yakaziviswa mukupera kwegore rapfuura. Hurukuro huru yemabasa aya ndeyekuunza padanho
mu yakafanana neT-72B3. Kuti uwedzere chiyero chekudzivirira, nhumbi huru dzeT-80BVM dzakashongedzerwa neRielikt rocket shield modules mune shanduro 2S23 uye 2S24. Tangi yakagamuchirawo mitsetse skrini. Iwo ari pamativi uye kumashure kweiyo drive compartment uye zvakare anodzivirira kumashure kwe turret.
Nhumbi huru yetangi ndeye 125 mm 2A46M-1 pfuti. Hapana ruzivo rwakagamuchirwa nezvezvirongwa zvekushongedza T-80BVM nepfuti dzemazuva ano 2A46M-4, ari analogue ye2A46M-5, yakagadziridzwa kushanda ne "makumi masere" ekurodha system.
Motokari inogona kupfura maRiefleks anotungamirwa makomba. Iyo yekurodha meshini yakagadziridzwa yemazuva ano sub-caliber ammunition ine yakawedzera penetrator.
Iwo ekutanga T-80B/BVs aive akashongedzerwa neiyo 1A33 fire control system uye iyo 9K112 Kobra inotungamirwa chombo. Mhinduro idzi dzaimiririra hunyanzvi hwema70s uye dzava kunzi hadzichashandi zvachose. Chimwe chakaoma chaive chekuchengetedza michina yaive isati yagadzirwa kwenguva yakareba. Naizvozvo, zvakasarudzwa kuti T-80BVM igamuchire Kalina SKO musiyano. Sezviri muT-90M, mupfuti ane Sosna-U yekuona uye yekubatsira PDT. Sezvineiwo, kusiyana neT-90M, iyo lens miviri haina kurongedzerwa nemavhavha ari kure.
T-80BVM turret ine misoro inooneka Sosna-U uye PDT. Imwe yematepi aRielikt inokwevera pfungwa. Urongwa uhwu hunofanira kufambisa kumhara nekudzika kwemutyairi.
Kufanana neT-72B3, nzvimbo yemukuru yakasara ine turret inotenderera uye iri nyore TNK-3M device. Izvi zvinoderedza kugona kwemutungamiriri kuona zvakatipoteredza,
Nekudaro, zvakachipa zvakanyanya pane kuisa panoramic viewfinder.
Imwe yemamiriro ezvinhu aidiwa ekuvandudza yaive yekutsiviwa kwekutaurirana. Zvingangodaro, sezvakaitika kune T-72B3, iyo yemazuva ano "makumi masere" yakagamuchira zviteshi zveredhiyo zveAkviduk system.
Zvinonzi matangi akakwidziridzwa achagashira turboshaft injini mune yeGTD-1250TF musiyano, iyo inotsiva yekutanga GTD-1000TF musiyano. Simba rakawedzera kubva pa809 kW/1100 hp kusvika 920 kW/1250 hp Zvinonzi nzira yekushanda yeinjini yakaunzwa, iyo inoshandiswa chete kutyaira jenareta remagetsi. Izvi zvinodikanwa kudzikamisa kushaya simba kukuru kweiyo turbine drive, i.e. yakanyanya kushandiswa kwemafuta panguva yekusaita basa.
Maererano neruzivo rwepamutemo, kurema kwekurwa kweT-80BVM kwakawedzera kusvika 46 matani, i.e. yakasvika pamwero weT-80U / UD. Simba rechikwata munyaya iyi 20 kW / t (27,2 hp / t). Kutenda kune turbine drive, iyo T-80BVM ichiri kuchengetedza yakajeka mukana maererano nehunhu hwekukwevera pamusoro peiyo T-90 yakakwidziridzwa.
