Tankette “Carden-Loyd” Mk.IV Carden Loyd Tankette. Pakupera kwemakumi maviri, pfungwa ye "mechanization" yevacheche kana kuwedzera kwevarwi vane zvombo kune mauto ehondo, apo mucheche wega wega ane motokari yake yehondo, tankette, yakasimudzwa mupfungwa dzevanyanzvi vehondo. masimba enyika. Nenguva isipi zvakava pachena kuti munhu mumwe haakwanisi kuita panguva imwe chete mabasa emutyairi, pfuti, redhiyo opareta, nezvimwe. Matangi ega ega akakurumidza kuregwa, asi vakaramba vachiedza neaviri. Imwe ye tankettes yakabudirira zvikuru yakagadzirwa neChirungu chikuru G. Mertel muna 1928. Yakanzi "Carden-Lloyd" nezita remugadziri. Tankette yaive nemuviri wakaderera wezvombo, pakati payo pakanga paine injini. Kune rimwe divi rake raive nenhengo mbiri dzevashandi: kuruboshwe - mutyairi, uye kurudyi - mupfuri aine Vickers muchina pfuti akaiswa pachena. Iyo torque kubva injini kuburikidza nepuraneti giya bhokisi uye mutsauko wemotokari wakadyiswa kumavhiri ekutyaira egonye undercarriage iri pamberi pemuchina. Mungoro yepasi yaisanganisira mavhiri mana emugwagwa akavharwa nerabha ane dhayamita diki ane kumiswa kwakavharika pazvitubu zvemashizha. Iyo tankette yakasiyaniswa nekureruka kwayo kwekugadzira, kufamba uye kudhura kwakaderera. Yakapihwa kunyika gumi nenhanhatu dzepasirese uye mune dzimwe nguva yakashanda senzira yekusimudzira kugadzirwa kwemhando itsva dzemotokari dzine zvombo. Iyo tankette pachayo yakakurumidza kubviswa kubva kubasa nemauto ehondo, sezvo yaive isina kusimba kudzivirirwa kwezvombo, uye nzvimbo shoma yekamuri yekurwira haina kubvumira kushandiswa kwezvombo. Kubvira munhau  Iyo prototype yemamwe matangi eEuropean tankette inoonekwa seBritish Cardin-Lloyd tankette, uye kunyangwe mota idzi dzisina kunyatsobudirira muuto reBritish, "Universal Carrier" inotakura zvombo zvehondo yakagadzirwa pahwaro hwavo, iyo yaive yakareba uye yakagadziridzwa zvakare. tankette. Michina iyi yakagadzirwa muhuwandu hukuru uye yaiwanzo shandiswa kune zvimwe chete zvinangwa se tankette. Magadzirirwo ekutanga etankettes akagadzirwa muUSSR kare muna 1919, apo mapurojekiti e "yose-nzvimbo yehondo yakashongedzerwa pfuti" nainjiniya Maksimov akatariswa. Yekutanga yeiyi yaisanganisira kugadzira 1-seat tankette ine pfuti yemuchina inorema matani 2,6 ine 40 hp injini. uye nezvombo kubva 8 mm kusvika 10 mm. Iyo yakanyanya kumhanya ndeye 17 km / h. Basa rechipiri, rinozivikanwa pasi pezita rokuti "nhoo-mutakuri", rakanga riri pedyo nekutanga, asi rakasiyana pakuti nhengo chete yevashandi yakanga yakatsamira, izvo zvakaita kuti zvive nyore kukurumidza kuderedza ukuru uye kuderedza uremu kusvika matani 2,25. hazvina kuitwa. MuUSSR, vakakurudzirwa zvakanyanya naM.N. Tukhachevsky, uyo akagadzwa muna 1931 mukuru wezvombo zveVashandi 'uye Peasants' Red Army (RKKA). Muna 1930, akawana kuburitswa kwefirimu rekudzidzisa "Wedge Tank" kusimudzira zvombo zvichangoburwa, iye achinyora script yefirimu pachake. Kugadzirwa kwe tankettes kwakabatanidzwa muzvirongwa zvinovimbisa zvekugadzirwa kwezvombo zvehondo. Zvinoenderana nechirongwa chekuvaka tangi yemakore matatu chakagamuchirwa musi waChikumi 3, 2, muna 1926, yaifanirwa kugadzira battalion (1930 units) ye tankettes ("escort machine guns", mune iyo terminology). Muna 1929-1930. pane chirongwa cheT-21 tankette (vashandi - 2 vanhu, zvombo - 13 mm). Dhizaini yakashandisa node dzeT-18 uye T-17 matangi. Basa racho rakarambwa nekuda kwekusakwana kwekufamba kwemotokari. Anenge panguva imwe chete, mapurojekiti eT-22 uye T-23 tankettes akarongwa, akarondedzerwa se "matangi makuru ekuperekedza". Pakati pavo, vakasiyana mumhando yemota uye nekuiswa kwevashandi. Mushure mekufunga nezve mapurojekiti ekugadzirwa kweiyo prototype, T-23 yakasarudzwa seyakachipa uye iri nyore kuvaka. Muna 1930, sampu yekuyedza yakaitwa, panguva yekugadzirwa kwayo yakaiswa kune dzinenge shanduko dzese dzakaishandura zvakapotsa zvisingazivikanwe. Asi wedge iyi haina kupinda mukugadzirwa kana nekuda kwemutengo wakakwira, wakaenzana nemutengo weT-18 yekuperekedza tangi. Musi waNyamavhuvhu 9, 1929, zvinodiwa zvakaiswa pamberi pekugadzirwa kwetangi rine mavhiri T-25 inorema isingasviki matani 3,5, ine injini ye40-60 hp. uye kumhanya kwe40 km / h pamakwara uye 60 km / h pamavhiri. Makwikwi akaziviswa ekugadzirwa kwemuchina. Muna Mbudzi 1929, kubva pamapurojekiti maviri akatumirwa, rimwe rakasarudzwa, iro raive tangi rakaderedzwa rerudzi rweChristie, asi nehuwandu hwekuvandudza, kunyanya, nekugona kufamba. Kuvandudzwa kwepurojekiti kwakasangana nematambudziko makuru uye kwakavharwa muna 1932, kwete kuunzwa pakugadzirwa kwemuenzaniso wekuedza nekuda kwekudhura. Muna 1930, komisheni inotungamirirwa naKhalepsky (mukuru weUMM) naGinzburg (mukuru wetank engineering design Bureau) vakasvika kuUK kuti vazive nezvemasamples echivakwa chekunze chetangi. Carden-Loyd Mk.IV wedge yakaratidzwa - yakabudirira zvikuru mukirasi yayo (yakatengeswa kune gumi nenhanhatu nyika dzepasi). Zvakasarudzwa kutenga 20 tankettes uye rezinesi rekugadzira muSoviet Union. MunaAugust 1930, tankette yakaratidzwa kune vamiririri vemurairo weRed Army uye yakaita maonero akanaka. Zvakasarudzwa kuronga kugadzirwa kwayo kukuru. Pasi pemitemo yeChibvumirano cheRunyararo cheVersailles, Germany, yakakundwa muHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, yakarambidzwa kuva nemauto ane zvombo, kunze kwenhamba shoma yemotokari dzine zvombo zvezvinodiwa zvemapurisa. Pamusoro pemamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika, muma1920s, zvidikanwi zvehupfumi zvakadzivirirawo izvi - indasitiri yeGerman, yakaparadzwa nehondo uye yakaneteswa nekudzoreredzwa kwepashure pehondo uye kurambwa, yakanga isingakwanise kugadzira mota dzehondo. Zvakangofanana, kubvira 1925, Reichswehr Arms Directorate yanga ichishanda muchivande mukugadzirwa kweazvino matangi, ayo muna 1925-1930 akatungamira mukugadzirwa kweaviri eprototypes asina kuenda munhevedzano nekuda kwekuwanda kwezvikanganiso zvakaonekwa. , asi yakashanda sehwaro hwekuvandudzwa kweGerman tank kuvaka ... MuGermany, kusimudzirwa kwePz Kpfw I chassis kwakaitwa sechikamu chezvinodiwa zvekutanga, izvo zvaisanganisira kusikwa, mukuita, tankette yemuchina wepfuti, asi muna 1932 tsika idzi dzakachinjwa. Nekufarira kuri kukura mumauto eReichswehr mukugona kwematangi, muna 1932 Arms Directorate yakaronga makwikwi ekugadzira tangi rakareruka rinorema kusvika matani mashanu. MuWehrmacht, tangi yePzKpfw I yakanga yakati fananei nematangi, asi yakanga yakakura zvakapetwa kaviri setangi renguva dzose, uye yakanga yakashongedzerwa nezvombo. Kunyangwe iyo hombe dhizaini - isina kukwana firepower, tankettes akashandiswa zvakabudirira kucherechedzwa uye kurwisa kuchengetedza mabasa. Mazhinji ema tankettes aidzorwa ne2 crew nhengo, kunyangwe kwaivewo nemhando imwe chete. Mamwe mamodheru akange asina shongwe (uye pamwe chete neinjini yegonye, ​​izvi zvinowanzoonekwa setsanangudzo yepfungwa ye tankette). Vamwe vose vaiva netureti twaingotenderedzwa nemaoko. Iyo yakajairwa pfuti ye tankette imwe kana maviri muchina pfuti, dzimwe nguva 2-mm cannon kana grenade launcher. IBritish Carden-Loyd Mk.IV tankette inoonekwa se "classic", uye anenge ese mamwe matangi akateedzerwa pahwaro hwayo. Iyo French light tank ye1930s (Automitrailleuses de Reconnaissance) yaive tankette muchimiro, asi yakanyatsogadzirirwa kucherechedzwa pamberi pemasimba makuru. Japan, zvakare, yakava mumwe wevanonyanya kushandisa wedges, ichigadzira akati wandei mamodheru anodiwa muhondo munzvimbo dzinopisa. Maitiro ekuita kweCardin-Lloyd VI tankette Combat uremu 1,4 t Kuyera:   лин 2600 мм Kuwedzera 1825 мм kureba 1443 мм Crew 2 munhu Hondo 1x 7,69 mm pfuti yemuchina Zvombo Makumi matatu Reservations: hull huma 6-9 mm mhando yeinjini carburetor Maximum simba 22,5 zvapano Maximum speed 45 km / h Simba rekuchengetedza 160 km Sources: Moscow: Military Publishing (1933). B. Schwanebach Mechanization uye motorization yemauto emazuva ano; G.L. Kholyavsky "The Complete Encyclopedia of World Tanks 1915 - 2000"; Tankette T-27 [Chinyorwa Chehondo - Armored Museum 7]; Carden Loyd Mk VI Armor Profile 16; Didrik von Porat: Zvombo zveSwedish Army.