Technology mukicheni

Nechinyorwa chiri pasi apa, iwe uchadzidza nhanho nhanho kuti tekinoroji yakashanduka sei mukicheni, chii chakaitika mumazana emakore uye kuti chinoratidzika sei nhasi.

2,5 mamiriyoni BC Banga racho rinoonekwa sechishandiso chekare kudarika vanhu vose. Chekutanga midziyo yematombo inoita semapanga (1) inowanikwa munzvimbo dzeOldowan tsika muAfrica, yekare Paleolithic tsika. Ipapo mapanga akagadzirwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nekutora chikamu girazi rinoputika i dombo rakaoma ine mipendero yakavezwa uye isingasviki zviuru zvishanu zvemakore apfuura, simbi yakaonekwa munhoroondo yebudiriro. Kubva ipapo, chimiro uye kunaka kweblade zvakagara zvichivandudzwa. Banga retafura harina kukura kusvika muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi 5. Nhasi tinowanzoona mapanga ane simbi isina ngura.

1. Mashizha ekutanga ematombo ematombo

13 zviuru zvigutsa Kune midziyo yakaita sehari yakagadzirwa nevhu yobva yapiswa (hari dzekare dzaive zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nematombo, mateko ekamba, uye kunyange matanda akanyatsogadzirwa). Nokufamba kwenguva, murume akakura nzira dzekuwana simbi uye akatanga kugadzira hari nemapani nazvo. MuMiddle Ages, mapani esimbi, teapots uye cauldrons zvakaitwa, izvo zvaitaridzika zvishoma semidziyo yemumba yekicheni yanhasi.

3 zviuru zvigutsa Mienzaniso inopona yeakasiyana spoon maumbirwo akashandiswa nevaIjipita vekare panguva iyi anosanganisira: zvigadzirwa zvenyanga dzenzou, flints, slate i huni. Zvipunu zvekare zvebhuronzi zvakawanikwa kuChina zvaive zvakapinza uye zvinogona kushandiswa sekucheka. Zvipunu zvechiGiriki nechiRoma zvainyanya kugadzirwa nebhuronzi nesirivha.uye hilt kazhinji yaitora chimiro chehunde yakanongedza. Shoko rechiGiriki nechiLatin rekuti chipunu, hozhwa, rinoreva goko rehozhwa raishandiswa sechipunu. Kubva pashoko iri kunouya Polish "ladle". Izwi reChirungu (spoon) rinobva kuAnglo-Saxon, zvinoreva shard, slate kubva pamuti kana bark.

MaRoma akapoteredza 2st yezana remakore AD akagadzira mhando mbiri dzezvipunu. Yokutanga, ligula (XNUMX), yakanga ine mubato wakaita setsvimbo neladle isina kudzika, yakatsetseka, yakanongedza zvishoma. Mune yechipiri, inonzi hozhwa, ladle yakagadzirwa muchimiro chendiro duku. Ligula akazopedzisira ashanduka kuita chipunu uye akava muenzaniso wemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemaradhi uye scoops. Irwo rudzi rwatinoziva nhasi (chibatiso chakareba chine recess) chakawanikwa chete pakati pezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

2400-1900 tenge A forogo-sebhonzo mudziyo wakawanikwa munzvimbo dzekuchera matongo muChina Qijia tsika kubva Bronze Age (Shan Dynasty). Zvakare, kudhirowa kwedombo kubva kuguva rekuMabvazuva kweHan (muDa-kua-liang, Suide County, Shaanxi) inoratidza. maforogo akarembera muimba yekudyira. Aya makucheka akauya kuEurope muzana ramakore rechitatu kubva kuMabvazuva. Zvinoenderana nengano, ivo vakaunzwa kuItari nemwanasikana wamambo weByzantine akaroora imbwa yeVenetian. Zvisinei, havana kugamuchirwa, uye kushandiswa kwavo kwakatonzi kuratidzwa kwenhema uye kunyadzisa. Vakazogara pamatafura muWestern Europe chete pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi3. (XNUMX).

3. Maforogo ekare

2-1 mhando. shit Ivo vanoonekwa muChina Chikafu chinonamirayatinoshandisa nhasi mumabhawa esushi. Zvishoma nezvishoma, vakava chishandiso chakakurumbira chekudyira muAsia. Vanoshanda pamusimboti wembato uye vanogadzirwa nematanda, simbi, nyanga dzenzou uye kunyange epurasitiki.

Zvakanaka. 1 mhando. shit Panguva iyoyo (uye pamwe pakutanga) yakanga yatove kushandiswa dhaka - munzvimbo dzakazove chikamu cheHumambo hweRoma, uyewo munyika dzinogarwa nevaAztec, vakadana midziyo iyi molcajete (4). Kwemazana emakore, hari dzakagadzirwa nematombo, huni, simbi kana ceramic dzakashandiswa sedhaka. Zvakanga zvakafanana neBludger. Shanduro dzekutanga dzezviridzwa izvi zvakawanikwa muIndia neSouth Asia, pakati pevamwe. MuEurope, dzaishandiswa nevashambadziri (uye shamans emarudzi ose) kugadzira mishonga uye mishonga yemishonga.

4. Rudzi rwematombo evhu 

200 peni Zvaikwanisika kuvaka muChina bhokisi remoto rakavharwa. MuEurope, iyo pfungwa yekuvakwa-mukati-mukati haina kupararira kusvika kuMiddle Ages. Kuedza kwekutanga pazvimbo zvakavharwa hakuna kubudirira - utsi hwakakuvadza maziso uye kukwenya huro, pakanga painewo njodzi yakakomba yemoto, uye kukwira kumusoro kwemurazvo kwakatungamira mukudonha kwekupisa, izvo zvakare zvaive zvisingabatsiri. Zvakatora mazana emakore akawanda kugadzira bhokisi remoto rinoshanda, rakachengeteka, rakavharirwa zvachose.

300-400 vavo Vanopararira screw press, yakaunzwa mukushandiswa kumashure kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX-XNUMX. Inogona kunzi yakachengeteka kunzi revolution, nekuti iyo yakagadzirwa yakavandudza zvakanyanya nzira yese yekugadzira (inozivikanwa kuti chaiyo yakasimba yekutsikirira inodiwa kugadzira waini kubva kumazambiringa, cider kubva kumaapuro, uye mafuta omuorivhi kubva kumiorivhi) uye kuderedzwa nguva yekushanda. Zvanhasi juicers - kunyangwe ivo vachitora simba kubva pakubuda, uye kwete kubva kubasa remunhu kana mhuka, ivo vachiri kushandisa yekare uye yakaratidza screw press scheme.

XVI p. Vanomuka yekutanga graterszvichida muFrance. Kubva panguva iyo, vakagara mukicheni, vachitora mafomu akasiyana-siyana - kubva pane nyore nemadziro mamwe, kuburikidza nemakona, kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvemazuva ano zvinozivikanwa kwatiri.

XVII ramakore Yokutanga yakavakwa muFrance. kumanikidza cooker. Mugadziri wayo aive fizikisi, chiremba uye nyanzvi yemasvomhu yakakungurutswa mune imwe - Denis Papin (5). Pressure cooker yakatanga kugadzirwa pachiyero cheindasitiri chete mushure mekupera kweHondo Yenyika II. Panguva iyoyo vakave chishandiso chakakurumbira pakati pemhuri dzechidiki. Nhasi ivo vanokanganwa uye vanotsiviwa ne e.g. zvikepe.

5. Old pressure cooker illustration, i.e. Kuboiler kwababa 1

1710 Inoonekwa infusion chinwiwa kugadzirira nzira. Mune miedzo yekutanga muFrance, izvi zvaireva kunyudza kofi yepasi, kazhinji yakavharwa muhomwe yerineni, mumvura inopisa kusvikira infusion yaidiwa yakawanikwa.

1799 Nzira yekubika (zvinoreva "muvacuum" muchiFrench) inowanikwa muU.SA neFrance - chikafu chinovharirwa mupurasitiki vacuum bagwozoiswa mumvura yekugezesa mupfunga patembiricha yakadzorwa, yakaderera pane inoshandiswa pakubika kwechinyakare, uye kwenguva yakareba kupfuura nzira dzechinyakare.

1826-1834 James Sharp (6), mushandi weNorthampton gasworks, anogadzira yekutanga chitofu chegasiiyo yakazotengeswa kumusika, yakatanga kuimisa kumba muna 1826. Makopi ekutanga akatengeswa kukicheni yehotera muna 1834, asi pasinei nekubudirira kwavo, musiki wavo aitya kuunza kugadzirwa kwakazara. Kungoshanya kubva kuna Ishe kumba kwaSharpe Frederick Spenceruyo aida chokudya chakabikwa negasi akapwisa muvambi wacho kuti aifanira kuzadzisa chishuvo chaivapo. Muna 1836 akavamba fekitari ine vashandi 35. Hovhoni dzake dzaive hovhoni dzakamira dzine zvikorekedzo kumusoro kwaigona kuturikwa nyama kuti igoche, nerin’i yezvibatiso pasi.

7. Napier Vacuum Machine

1840 Anomuka mangwanani muvambi wemichina yekofi, kureva muchina wekutsvaira (7). Michina yevacuum, kunyange zvazvo yakanyanyisa kuoma kushandiswa kwezuva nezuva, yakakosheswa kugadzira infusion yakajeka uye yakakurumbira kusvika pakati pezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, mushure mezvo michina yekugadzira kofi yakagadziridzwa. Mumakore ekuma30, machina espresso akazara eespresso ane kupisa kwemagetsi akaonekwa. Yekutanga sefa yekugadzira kofi yakarova pamusika muna 1972.

1850 American Joel Houghton akapa patent muchina wemapuranga une vhiri rinotenderedzwa neruoko iro raipfapfaidza mvura mundiro. Zvanga zviri yekutanga patented dishwasher. Zvino muchikamu ichi maive nemidziyo iri nani uye inobatsira.

1858 Ezra Warner inogadzira yekutanga gaba renyika. Muna 1925 William Lyman rakapedzwa pamusoro. swivel vhiri. Iyi modhi yakagadziridzwa kune imwe chete mhando yegaba, asi kukanganisa uku kwakakurumidza kugadziriswa nekugadzirwa kwevhezheni yepasirese.

1876 Bavarian injiniya uye fizikisi Karl von Linde akagadzira mudziyo waiomesa chikafu nechando uchishandisa liquid ammonia (8). Mazaya echando akagadzirwa nemuchina uyu akaumbwa kuita mabhuroko ndokugoverwa kudzimba. Kunyange maViking akacherechedza kuti nyama yakachengetwa muchando inogara kwenguva refu. Ndicho chikonzero nei makomba anokosha akacherwa munzvimbo ine rima zvikuru yedzimba, akazadzwa nemirwi yechando nechando, uye ipapo, akaisa zvokudya ipapo, akafukidza chinhu chose nedenga rematanda uye denga revhu, iro raigovera kuvharwa kwokupisa. . . Ehe pfungwa yekamuri yefiriji yakagadzirwa, zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha izvo - nzvimbo yakasarudzika uye inotonhorera - yakaramba isina kuchinjika kusvika nhasi. Vakave vakakurumbira pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. matengu echandouko kwakashandiswa masisitimu ekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe. Makore mashoma mushure mekugadzirwa kwaLinde, yekutanga firiji yemagetsi. Iyo yakavharwa shanduro inoshandiswa nhasi yakagadzirwa muna 1925.

8. Schematic diagram yefiriji Carl von Linde

1885 Rufus M. Eastman akapiwa yekutanga US patent yemudziyo unogona kutorwa seye prototype. musanganisi wemagetsi.

1882-1893 PaWorld Dog Show muChicago Friedrich Schindler akagamuchira menduru yegoridhe yechitofu chemagetsi. Mugadziri aive mugari wenhaka wemafekitori emicheka akabudirira, asi ainyanya kufarira zvakawanikwa zvehunyanzvi. Sezvo ari muzvinabhizimusi akapfuma, akashanyira zviratidziro zvepasirese, uko budiriro dzemazuva ano dzetekinoroji dzakaratidzwa. Muna 1881, pakuratidzira kwakadaro muParis, akatenga Thomas Edison Electric Generator uye yakatanga girobhu rekutanga uye jenareta remagetsi muAustria. Ndinoshamisika kuti Schindler akahaya chii kuti abatsire nekugadzira kwake Gabriela Narutowicz, uyo akazova mutungamiri wekutanga wePoland yakasununguka ... Kunyange zvazvo Schindler akagamuchira mubairo wekugadzira kwake, muongorori weCanada ndiye akatanga kubatanidza chitofu kune mains. Thomas Ahern. Mudziyo wake wakashandiswa kudziyisa chikafu paWindsor Hotel muOttawa. Ahern akawanawo patent yechitofu chemagetsi muNorth America. Makore mana gare gare William Hadaway kubva kuUSA yakagamuchira patent ye "chitofu chemagetsi chinodzorwa otomatiki".

1893 Alfred Louis Bernardin patents yekutanga vhura bhodhoro. Yakanga yakabatanidzwa zvachose patabletop. Kwapera gore akavapa patent yemuenzaniso wakafanana. William Painter - muvambi wekorona mavharuvhu, i.e. caps Zvichiri kushandiswa nhasi nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana.

1909 Kutanga kubudirira toaster patents Frank Shaylor kubva kuGeneral Electric. Mudziyo wake wakanga usina bhokisi rekunze, ma sensors ekushisa uye zvidzoreso, uyezve, waingova nechikamu chimwe chete chekudziya, saka rutivi rumwe norumwe rwechidimbu chechingwa rwaifanira kugochwa zvakasiyana, sepani. toasterizvo zvatinoziva tese nhasi, izvo zviri kuona kana toast yagadzirira kudyiwa nekuikanda kumusoro, yakagadzirwa mu20s naCharles Strite.

1922 Polish nekuzvarwa Stefan Poplavski, inogadzira muchina wekugadzira mukaka. Yaiva nechigubhu chakareba, nechekuzasi kwacho kwaiva nemapanga aiita kuti ifambe. Zverudzi rwakadai muvhenganisi inonakidzwa nemukurumbira mukuru kusvika nhasi.

1922 Arthur Leslie Big anovaka Keturu yemagetsi. Makore masere gare gare, General Electric kunetseka kunounza kambani kumusika kettle yemagetsi ine automatic switch-off.

1938 Anonzi ndiye muvambi weTeflon. Roy Plunkettuyo akashanda murabhoritari yeDuPont. Munguva yezvidzidzo zvegasi rakaomeswa nechando, zvakazoitika kuti imwe yemasampuli yakaputirwa nehupfu chena yaimbozivikanwa - Teflon. Isati yaunzwa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemidziyo yekicheni, yakaonekwa, semuenzaniso, muManhattan Project, chinangwa chayo chaive kugadzira. Atomic bhomba.

1945 Mukushanda pamidziyo yeradar, zvinoitika netsaona Microwave. Mugadziri wayo aive injiniya wekuAmerica uye muvambi Percy Spencer. Akaona kuti semugumisiro wekuedza, chokoreti yakanyunguduka muhomwe yake. Popcorn yaive chikafu chekutanga musayendisiti kudziirwa nemaune mumicrowave. Muna 1947, Raytheon akatanga yekutanga Radarange microwave oveni pamusika. Yakanga yakareba mamita 1,5, yairema 300 kg uye yaiita $5. madhora.

9. Imwe yekutanga microwave ovheni

1952 George Stephen, Weber Hama Metal Works welder, akagadzirwa muenzaniso grillisu tiri kushandisa izvozvi. Akagadzira modhi inotakurika ine jasi rinoshanda raidzivirira zvokudya kubva pakunaya kwaigona kunaya uye magirasi kubva pautsi.

1976 Rational kutanga combi oven - kuvandudzwa kweiyo pfungwa ye convection oven, iyo iyo basa rekugadzira mhepo yekamuri yakawedzerwa. Mafeni anomanikidza mhepo inopisa mukati mekamuri, zvichiita kuti ifambe yakachinjika. Mhepo inobva yapfuura nemumasefa anobvisa girizi zvidimbu zvodzoserwa kune mafeni. Horizontal air circulation uye degreasing inovimbisa kusavapo kwekunhuhwirira (makuru anotakura ayo ari mafuta) uye tembiricha yakafanana mukamuri. Steam inowedzerwa mukamuri yekutenderera kwemhepo, iyo inomhanyisa kurapwa kwekupisa uye inodzivirira kurasikirwa kwemwando kubva pakudya.

Tekinoroji yazvino mukicheni

Internet yezvinhu

Makambani mazhinji anopa masensa anowedzera hungwaru kumidziyo yatagara tinayo pasina kuatsiva. Ngaashande semuenzaniso SmartThingQ Kambani yeKorea LG. Ichi chidzitiro chakatenderedza chinogona kubatana nemidziyo inoenderana senge muchina wekuwachisa, mafiriji, maoveni emicrowave kana maair conditioner. Iyo inonyoresa zvimwe zvinokurudzira, senge tembiricha kana vibration mazinga, uye inozvizivisa kune mushandisi kuburikidza neapp pane smartphone kana piritsi (kana ivo vachimhanyisa Android). Mugadziri anovimbisa kuti SmartThingQ dhisiki yakabatana nemuchina wekugeza ichashuma, semuenzaniso, kupera kwekugezesa kutenderera, uye sensor kubva mufiriji ichaburitsa chiziviso nezve zuva rekupera kwezvigadzirwa zvekudya. Inogonawo kuratidza, semuenzaniso, kuvhurwa kwefiriji panguva yekusavapo kwedu.

Smart kitchen midziyo

Kana isu tiine matambudziko ekuyera uye kuyera zvigadzirwa, Smart fall scale uchishandisa iyo smartphone application, izvi zvichatibatsira kuwana iwo akakodzera zviyero. Iyo pani ine zita rine zvarinoreva Pantelligent yakashongedzerwa nemasensa, nekuda kwatinogara tichiziva kana tembiricha yekudziya iri chokwadi. Kunyange "benzi" rekucheka bhodhi harisisiri benzi kana richinzi GKilo uye rinogona kuyera zvidimbu zvakachekwa kusvika pagiramu.

Tablet stand

Countertops uye matafura ekicheni haisi iyo nzvimbo yakanakisisa yepiritsi - kunze kwezvo, maoko emushandi wekicheni haasi nguva dzose akachena. Uye zvakadaro chinhu chakakosha chemidziyo kana tichida kutarisa mabikirwo kana kuona zvirongwa zveTV tichibika… Sezvineiwo, kwatove nemhando dzakawanda dzakasiyana dzematablet stand kubva kune vakasiyana vagadziri. Iwe unongofanira kusarudza yakanyanya kunaka.

Muchina wekofi unodzorwa nenzwi

Kune techno-natives, zvinoenda pasina kutaura kuti zvishandiso zvinofanirwa kuvhurwa uye kutonga izwi. Naizvozvo, semuenzaniso, iyo Hamilton Beach Voice Activated 12 Cup Coffeemaker kofi muchina unogona kusetwa kugadzirira imwe mhando yekofi pane imwe nguva, mune imwe uwandu, hongu.

Mobile Apps for Cooking

Chimwe chinhu chiri pachena kune avo vakajaira. Kune vasingaverengeki vavo. Ivo vanokutendera iwe kudzora kure midziyo yemukicheni, kutonga maitiro ekubikira synchronously neinodyidzana resipi, uye pakupedzisira, izvo zvakajairika kune chizvarwa chidiki chevabiki, kugovera mhedzisiro yekuedza kwavo kwekubika pasocial network.

Kicheni yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX.

CookPlat, girazi-ceramic induction hob, inogona kutakurwa newe, inotakurwa mumukwende uye kubikwa pairi chero kupi. Kunze kwekuti, hongu, zvikaitika ipapo magetsi. Zvinonyanya kukosha, mudziyo une modular chimiro, saka kana zvichidikanwa, unogona kugadzirisa ega ega zvinhu zveplate, zvinodikanwa mune yakapihwa mamiriro. Imwe mukana ndeyekudzivirira kwemvura, nekuda kweiyo CookPlat semuenzaniso, inogona kugezwa zvakachengeteka mudhishi pamwe chete nezvimwe ndiro. Mapulagi emagetsi uye zvigadziko zvine chimiro chakatsetseka, chinoita kuti kurongedza kuve nyore.

Firiji ine internet

nhasi refrigerators iva nemagetsi akajeka emusuwo. Semuenzaniso, LG InstaView kana Samsung Family Hub smart firiji modhi inobvumidza iwe kuhodha girosari nepamusuwo uyu, kubatidza mimhanzi, kana kusiya uye kutumira meseji kunhengo dzemhuri nekuda kwekombuta. Makamera ari mukati memudziyo anotibvumira kuona kubva kure kana chimwe chinhu chisipo, izvo zvinobatsira patinenge tichitenga. Iyo LG Hardware iripo uye Samsung chigadzirwa chinopa mabikirwo zvichienderana nezvazvino zvirimo.

French fries mumhepo

Tinoda fries dzeFrench, asi kumhuri yedu uye hutano haisi iyo yakanakisisa ndiro. Saka Phillips akagadzira French fry muchina - Airfryer, iyo yatinoshandisa chete teaspoon duku yemafuta kubika mbatatisi yefrying, uye midziyo inopa mhepo yakawanda inopisa. Mafuta nemakoriyumu mune inonaka yakadaro zvirokwazvo ishoma pane yakajairika. Munhu wese anofanira kuzvisarudzira kuravira ega.

3D printer

BlinBot tichadhinda chero pancake yatinoda. Yedu madhizaini kana mapakeke dhizaini akawanikwa kubva kumusika anogona kudhawunirodha uchishandisa inobvisika memori kadhi. kazhinji zvihwitsi. ChefJet, yakagadzirwa ne3D Systems, inodhinda kubva kune shuga kana icing uye ndeyemagetsi "peni" yekunyora nekudhirowa nechokoreti.