Dzidziso kubva kumucheto. Munzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka yesainzi

Sainzi yemuganhu inonzwisiswa nenzira dzinenge mbiri. Kutanga, sesainzi inonzwika, asi kunze kweiyo huru uye paradigm. Chechipiri, sedzidziso dzese uye fungidziro dzine zvishoma zvinoenderana nesainzi.

Iyo Big Bang dzidziso zvakare yakambove yemunda wesainzi diki. Ndiye akatanga kutaura mashoko ake muma40s. Fred Hoyle, muvambi wedzidziso yokushanduka-shanduka kwenyeredzi. Akaita izvi munhepfenyuro yeredhiyo (1), asi achinyomba, aine chinangwa chokuseka pfungwa yacho yose. Uye uyu akazvarwa pazvakaonekwa kuti mapoka enyeredzi "anotiza" kubva kune rimwe nerimwe. Izvi zvakaita kuti vatsvakurudzi vafunge kuti kana chadenga chiri kukura, pane imwe nguva chaifanira kutanga. Kutenda uku kwakaumba hwaro hwedzidziso huru uye isingarambike munyika yose yeBig Bang. Iyo nzira yekuwedzera, zvakare, inotsanangurwa neimwe, zvakare haina kupokana nemasaenzi mazhinji. inflation theory. MuOxford Dictionary of Astronomy tinogona kurava kuti rondedzero yeBig Bang ndeiyi: “Pfungwa inogamuchirwa zvikurusa inotsanangura mavambo nemhindumupindu yechisiko chapose pose. Mukuwirirana nedzidziso yeBig Bang, Chisiko Chapose pose, icho chakabuda muchinhu chimwe (mamiriro okutanga etembiricha yakakwira nokuwanda), chinowedzera kubva pano.”

Kupesana ne "kusaiswa kwesainzi"

Zvisinei, havasi vose, kunyange munharaunda yesainzi, vanogutsikana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya. Mutsamba yakasainwa makore mashoma apfuura nemasayendisiti anopfuura zviuru gumi kubva pasirese, kusanganisira Poland, tinoverenga, kunyanya, kuti "Big Bang yakavakirwa" pahuwandu hunoramba huchikura hwemasangano ekufungidzira: inflation ye cosmological, kwete. - polar nyaya. (dark matter) uye rima simba. (…) Kupokana pakati pezvakaonekwa uye kufanotaura kwedzidziso yeBig Bang kunogadziriswa nekuwedzera masangano akadaro. Zvisikwa zvisingagoni kana kucherechedzwa. … Mune ripi zvaro bazi resainzi, kudiwa kunoramba kuchiitika kwezvinhu zvakadaro kungamutsa mibvunzo yakakomba pamusoro pehuchokwadi hwedzidziso yepasi - kana dzidziso iyi ikakundikana nekuda kwekusakwana kwayo. »

"Iyi dzidziso," masayendisiti anonyora, "inoda kutyorwa kwemitemo miviri yakanyatsogadziriswa yefizikisi: iyo nheyo yekuchengetedza simba uye kuchengetedza kwenhamba yebaryon (inotaura kuti zviyero zvakaenzana zvezvinhu uye antimatter zvinoumbwa nesimba). “

Mhedziso? “(…) Dzidziso yeBig Bang haisiriyo chete hwaro huripo hwekutsanangura nhoroondo yechisiko chapose pose. Kune zvakare dzimwe tsananguro dzezvinhu zvakakosha muchadenga., kusanganisira: kuwanda kwezvinhu zvechiedza, kuumbwa kwezvimiro zvakakura, kutsanangurwa kwemwaranzi yemashure, uye Hubble connection. Kusvikira nhasi, nyaya dzakadaro uye dzimwe nzira dzekugadzirisa hazvigoni kukurukurwa zvakasununguka uye kuongororwa. Kutsinhana pachena kwemazano ndiko kunonyanya kushaikwa pamisangano mikuru. … Izvi zvinoratidza dzidziso yepfungwa iri kukura, isinganzwisisike kumweya wekubvunza pachena kwesainzi. Iyi haigone kuve ine hutano mamiriro."

Zvichida zvino dzidziso dzinokonzera kusahadzika paBig Bang, kunyangwe dzakadzikiswa kunzvimbo yenharaunda, dzinofanirwa, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakakomba zvesainzi, kuchengetedzwa kubva ku "kusabatanidzwa kwesainzi."

Ndeapi mafizikisi akatsvaira pasi pegumbo

Dzidziso dzese dzemuchadenga dzinotonga kunze kweBig Bang dzinowanzobvisa dambudziko rekushungurudza kwesimba rakasviba, shandura zvinogara zvakadaro sekukurumidza kwechiedza nenguva kuita zvinoshanduka, uye kutsvaga kubatanidza kudyidzana kwenguva nenzvimbo. Muenzaniso chaiwo wemakore achangopfuura izano renyanzvi dzefizikisi dzekuTaiwan. Mumuenzaniso wavo, izvi zvinonetsa kubva pakuona kwevatsvakurudzi vakawanda. simba rerima rinopera. Naizvozvo, zvinosuruvarisa, munhu anofanira kufunga kuti Chadenga hachina mavambo kana magumo. Munyori anotungamira weiyi modhi, Wun-Ji Szu weNational Taiwan University, anotsanangura nguva nenzvimbo kwete seyakaparadzana asi sezvinhu zvine hukama zvakanyanya zvinogona kuchinjana. Hakuna kumhanya kwechiedza kana simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi mumuenzaniso uyu zvinogara zvakadaro, asi zvinhu zviri mukushandurwa kwenguva nehuremu muhukuru nenzvimbo sezvo denga rinokura.

Dzidziso yaShu inogona kutorwa sekufungidzira, asi muenzaniso wepasirese riri kukura riine simba rakawanda rakasviba rinoita kuti riwedzere rinomutsa matambudziko akakomba. Vamwe vanocherechedza kuti nerubatsiro rwedzidziso iyi, masayendisiti "akatsiva pasi pekapeti" mutemo wepanyama wekuchengetedza simba. Pfungwa yeTaiwanese haityori nheyo dzekuchengetedza simba, asi zvakare ine dambudziko neiyo microwave kumashure kwemwaranzi, iyo inoonekwa seyasara yeBig Bang.

Gore rakapera, kutaura kwevaviri vefizikiki kubva kuEgypt neCanada kwakazozivikanwa, uye zvichienderana nekuverenga kutsva, vakagadzira imwe, dzidziso inofadza zvikuru. Maererano navo Zvadenga zvakagara zviripo - Pakanga pasina Big Bang. Zvichibva pahuwandu hwefizikisi, dzidziso iyi inoita seyakanyanya kukwezva nekuti inogadzirisa dambudziko rezvinhu zvakasviba uye simba rakasviba mune imwe yakadonha.

2. Kuonekwa kwe quantum fluid

Ahmed Farag Ali anobva kuZewail Guta reSainzi neTekinoroji uye Saurya Das kubva kuYunivhesiti yeLethbridge vakazviedza. sanganisa quantum mechanics ine general relativity. Vakashandisa equation yakagadzirwa naProf. Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri weYunivhesiti yeCalcutta, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kufanotaura kuvandudzwa kwezvimwechete muhukama hwakazara. Zvisinei, mushure mekugadzirisa kunoverengeka, vakacherechedza kuti chaizvoizvo inotsanangura "mvura", inosanganisira zvisingaverengeki zviduku zviduku, izvo, sezviri, zvinozadza nzvimbo yose. Kwenguva yakareba, kuedza kugadzirisa dambudziko regiravhiti kunotitungamirira kune fungidziro gravitons ndiwo zvidimbu zvinogadzira kusangana uku. Sekureva kwaDas naAli, izvi zvimedu zvinogona kuumba iyi quantum "fluid" (2). Nerubatsiro rwe equation yavo, nyanzvi dzefizikisi dzakatsvaga nzira ye "fluid" munguva yakapfuura uye zvakazoitika kuti pakanga pasina humwechete hwainetsa fizikisi makore 13,8 miriyoni apfuura, asi Zvinoita sezviripo nekusingaperi. Kare, yaibvumwa kuti idiki, asi haina kumbobvira yakatsikirirwa kune yaimbotaurwa isingagumi nzvimbo munzvimbo..

Iyo itsva modhi inogonawo kutsanangura kuvepo kwesimba rakasviba, iro rinotarisirwa kupisa kuwedzera kwechadenga nekugadzira kudzvinyirira kwakashata mukati mayo. Pano, "fluid" pachayo inogadzira simba duku rinowedzera nzvimbo, rinotungamirirwa kunze, kuUniverse. Uye iyi haisi iyo magumo, nekuti kutsunga kwehuremu hwegiraviton mumuenzaniso uyu kwakatibvumira kutsanangura chimwe chakavanzika - chinhu chakasviba - icho chinofanirwa kunge chine simba regiravhiti paNyika yese, ichiramba isingaoneki. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, iyo "quantum liquid" pachayo inyaya yakasviba.

3. Mufananidzo we cosmic background radiation kubva kuWMAP

Tine nhamba huru yemamodheru

Muhafu yechipiri yemakore gumi apfuura, muzivi Michal Tempczyk akataura nekunyangadza kuti. "Mamiriro ezvinyorwa zve cosmological theories zvishoma, vanofanotaura zvinhu zvishomanana uye zvinobva pane zvishoma zvinyorwa zvekucherechedza.". Imwe neimwe modhi yecosmological yakaenzana empirically, i.e. zvichibva pane imwechete data. Chiyero chinofanira kunge chiri chedzidziso. Isu tave nedata rekutarisa rakawanda kupfuura rataimboita, asi iyo cosmological information base haina kuwedzera zvakanyanya - apa tinogona kutaura data kubva kuWMAP satellite (3) uye Planck satellite (4).

Howard Robertson naGeoffrey Walker vakazvimiririra vakaumba metric yepasirese riri kukura. Mhinduro kuFriedmann equation, pamwe chete neRobertson-Walker metric, inoumba iyo inonzi FLRW Model (Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker metric). Yakagadziridzwa nekufamba kwenguva uye yakawedzerwa, ine chimiro cheyakajairwa modhi yecosmology. Iyi modhi yakashanda zvakanyanya neinotevera empirical data.

Zvechokwadi, mamwe akawanda mamodheru akagadzirwa. Yakagadzirwa muma30s Arthur Milne's cosmological modhi, zvichibva padzidziso yake ye<em>kinematic of relativity. Yaifanirwa kukwikwidza nedzidziso yaEinstein yerelativity uye relativistic cosmology, asi kufanotaura kwaMilne kwakave kwakaderedzwa kuita imwe yemhinduro dzeEinstein's field equations (EFE).

4 Planck Space Telescope

Zvakare panguva ino, Richard Tolman, muvambi we relativistic thermodynamics, akapa muenzaniso wake wezvakasikwa - gare gare maitiro ake akave akazara uye anonzi. LTB modhi (Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi). Yakanga iri inhomogeneous modhi ine nhamba huru yemadhigirii erusununguko uye saka yakaderera dhigirii yesymmetry.

Makwikwi akasimba eiyo FLRW modhi, uye ikozvino nekuwedzera kwayo, ZhKM muenzaniso, iyo inosanganisirawo lambda, iyo inodaidzwa kuti cosmological inogara ichikonzeresa kukurumidza kuwanda kwepasi uye kune inotonhora yakasviba zvinhu. Imhando yeisiri yeNewtonian cosmology yakamiswa nekusakwanisa kubata nekuwanikwa kwe cosmic background radiation (CBR) uye quasars. Kubuda kwenyaya kubva pasina, kwakatsanangurwa nemuenzaniso uyu, kwakapikiswawo, kunyangwe pakanga paine ruramiso inogutsa yemasvomhu.

Zvichida iyo yakakurumbira modhi ye quantum cosmology ndeye Hawking uye Hartle's Infinite Universe Model. Izvi zvaisanganisira kubata cosmos yose sechimwe chinhu chaigona kurondedzerwa nebasa remasaisai. Nekukura superstring dzidziso kuedza kwakaitwa kuvaka muenzaniso wecosmological pahwaro hwayo. Mienzaniso yakakurumbira yakavakirwa pane imwe vhezheni yakawanda yetambo dzidziso, iyo inonzi Mafungiro angu. Somuenzaniso, unogona kutsiva muenzaniso Randall-Sandrum.

5. Kuona kwakasiyana-siyana

multiverse

Mumwe muenzaniso munhevedzano refu yedzidziso dzemuganhu ndiyo pfungwa yeKusiyana-siyana (5), zvichibva pakudhumhana kwebran-universes. Zvinonzi kudhumhana uku kunoguma nekuputika uye kushandurwa kwesimba rekuputika kuita mwaranzi inopisa. Kuiswa kwesimba rakasviba mune iyi modhi, iyo yakashandiswawo kwenguva yakati mudzidziso yekukwira kwemitengo, yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuvaka cyclic modhi (6), pfungwa dzayo, semuenzaniso, muchimiro chepasi rinoputika, zvakaramba zvichirambwa kare.

6. Kuonekwa kwechadenga chinotenderera chinotenderera

Vanyori vedzidziso iyi, inozivikanwawo seye cosmic moto modhi kana expirotic modhi (kubva muchiGiriki ekpyrosis - "nyika moto"), kana Great Crash Theory, masayendisiti kubva kumayunivhesiti eCambridge nePrinceton - Paul Steinhardt naNeil Turok. . Maererano navo, pakutanga nzvimbo yakanga isina chinhu uye inotonhora. Pakanga pasina nguva, pasina simba, zvisinei. Kubonderana chete kwemapasirese maviri ari padivi pemumwe ndiko kwakatanga "moto mukuru". Simba rakazobuda rakakonzera Big Bang. Vanyori vedzidziso iyi vanotsanangurawo kuwedzera kwazvino kwechadenga. Dzidziso yeKuputsika Kukuru inoratidza kuti chadenga chine chikwereti chechimiro chayo chazvino nekuda kwekudhumhana kwechinonzi icho chiri pachiri, neimwe, uye kushandurwa kwesimba rekudhumhana kuita zvinhu. Pakanga pari somugumisiro wekudhumhana kwevavakidzani kaviri neyedu kuti nyaya yatinoziva yakaumbwa uye Chadenga chedu chakatanga kukura.. Zvichida kutenderera kwekudhumhana kwakadaro hakuperi.

The Great Crash theory yakatsigirwa neboka revanoziva cosmologist, kusanganisira Stephen Hawking naJim Peebles, mumwe wevakawana CMB. Mhedzisiro yePlack mishoni inoenderana nekumwe kufanotaura kweiyo cyclic modhi.

Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa dzakadaro dzagara dziripo kare, izwi rokuti "Multiverse" rinowanzoshandiswa nhasi rakagadzirwa muna Zvita 1960 naAndy Nimmo, panguva iyoyo Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weScottish Chapter yeBritish Interplanetary Society. Izwi iri rakashandiswa zvese nemazvo uye zvisizvo kwemakore akati wandei. Mukupera kwema60s, munyori wengano dzesainzi Michael Moorcock akaudaidza kuti muunganidzwa wepasirese. Mushure mekuverenga imwe yemanovhero ake, nyanzvi yefizikisi David Deutsch akaishandisa nenzira iyi mubasa rake resainzi (kusanganisira kuvandudzwa kwedzidziso yehuwandu hwenyika zhinji naHugh Everett) inobata nekukwana kwezvose zvinogoneka zvakasikwa - zvinopesana netsanangudzo yepakutanga yaAndy Nimmo. Mushure mokunge basa iri rabudiswa, shoko rakapararira pakati pemamwe masayendisiti. Saka zvino “chadenga” chinoreva nyika imwe chete inotongwa nemimwe mitemo, uye “marudzi akasiyana-siyana” muunganidzwa wekufungidzira wezvakasikwa zvose.

7. Nhamba yekufungidzira yepasirese iripo mumarudzi akawanda.

Zvisikwa zveiyi "quantum multiverse" zvinogona kunge zvine mitemo yakasiyana zvachose yefizikisi. Astrophysicist cosmologists paStanford University kuCalifornia vakaverenga kuti panogona kunge paine 1010 universes dzakadai, nesimba regumi rinosimudzwa kune simba regumi, iro rinosimudzwa kune simba re10 (10). Uye nhamba iyi haigone kunyorwa nedecimal form nekuda kwenhamba yemazero inodarika nhamba yemaatomu ari muchadenga chinooneka, inofungidzirwa pa7.

Vacuum iri kuora

Mukutanga kwema80, izvo zvinonzi inflationary cosmology Alan Guth, nyanzvi yefizikisi yeAmerica, nyanzvi mumunda wezvikamu zvekutanga. Kuti atsanangure mamwe matambudziko ekutarisa mumuenzaniso weFLRW, akaunza imwe nguva yekuwedzera nekukurumidza muStandard Model mushure mekuyambuka Planck chikumbaridzo (10-33 masekonzi mushure meBig Bang). Guth muna 1979, achishanda paequations inotsanangura kuvapo kwekutanga kwepasirese, akaona chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa - vacuum yenhema. Yakanga yakasiyana neruzivo rwedu rwevacuum pakuti, somuenzaniso, yakanga isina chinhu. Panzvimbo pezvo, rakanga riri simba rinooneka, simba rinokwanisa kutungidza chisiko chose.

Fungidzira chimedu chakatenderera chechizi. Ngazvive zvedu vacuum yenhema kusati kwaitika guru. Iine pfuma inoshamisa yezvatinoti "repulsive gravity." Isimba rine simba zvikuru zvokuti vacuum inogona kukura kubva paukuru hweatomu kusvika paukuru hweboka renyeredzi muchidimbu chesekondi. Nekune rumwe rutivi, inogona kuora sechinhu cheradioactive. Kana chikamu chevacuum chinoputsika, chinogadzira bubble rinowedzera, rakaita semakomba muSwitzerland cheese. Mune bubble-gomba rakadaro, vacuum yenhema inogadzirwa - inopisa zvakanyanya uye yakazara yakazara zvimedu. Ipapo dzinoputika, inova Big Bang inosika denga redu.

Chinhu chakakosha icho nyanzvi yefizikisi yakaberekerwa kuRussia Alexander Vilenkin akaziva mukutanga kwema80 yaive yekuti pakanga pasina chinhu chiri pasi pekuora kuri mubvunzo. “Mafuro aya ari kukura nekukurumidza,” anodaro Vilenkin, “asi nzvimbo iri pakati pawo iri kuwedzera nekukurumidza, zvichiita kuti pave nenzvimbo yemafuro matsva.” Zvinoreva kuti Kana inflation yecosmic yatanga, haimbomira, uye bhavhu rega rega rinotevera rine zviwanikwa zveBig Bang inotevera. Nokudaro, chadenga chedu chingangova chimwe chezviverengero zvisingagumi zvechadenga zvinogara zvichibuda muutsi hwenhema huri kuramba huchikura.. Nemamwe mashoko, zvingava zvechokwadi kudengenyeka kwenyika.

Mwedzi mishomanana yapfuura, Planck Space Telescope yeESA yakacherechedza “kumucheto kwechisiko chapose pose” madonhwe akajeka anoshamisa ayo mamwe masayendisiti anodavira kuti anogona kuva nawo. maratidziro ekudyidzana kwedu nechimwe chadenga. Semuyenzaniso, anodaro Ranga-Ram Chari, mumwe wevatsvaguri vachiongorora data rinouya kubva mucherechedzo paCalifornia centre. Akaona makwapa aishamisa mu cosmic background light (CMB) yakamepurwa neTelesikopu yePlanck. Dzidziso ndeyokuti kune zvakasiyana-siyana umo "mabhubhu" epasi rose ari kukurumidza kukura, achikurudzirwa nekukwira kwemitengo. Kana mabhubhu embeu ari pedyo, ipapo pakutanga kwekuwedzera kwavo, kupindirana kunogoneka, kufungidzira "kudhumhana", mhedzisiro yatinofanira kuona mumitsetse ye cosmic microwave kumashure kwemwaranzi yepakutanga Universe.

Chari anofunga kuti akawana matsimba akadaro. Kuburikidza nekunyatsoongorora uye kureba, akawana matunhu ari muCMB anopenya 4500 nguva kupfuura iyo yekumashure radiation theory inoratidza. Imwe tsananguro inogoneka yeiyi yakawandisa yemapurotoni nemaerekitironi kusangana neimwe denga. Zvechokwadi, iyi hypothesis haisati yasimbiswa. Vesainzi vakangwarira.

Kune makona chete

Chimwe chinhu chiri pachirongwa chedu chekushanyira rudzi rwenzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka, izere nedzidziso uye kufunga nezve kusikwa kweChisiko Chapose pose, ichava fungidziro yenyanzvi yefizikisi yeBritain, nyanzvi yemasvomhu uye muzivi Roger Penrose. Kunyatsotaura, iyi haisi dzidziso yehuwandu, asi ine zvimwe zvezvinhu zvayo. Zita chairo redzidziso conformal cyclic cosmology () - ine zvikamu zvikuru zve quantum. Izvi zvinosanganisira conformal geometry, iyo inoshanda chete nepfungwa yekona, ichiramba mubvunzo wedaro. Hombe nemakona matatu haaoneki muhurongwa uhu kana aine makona akafanana pakati pemativi. Mitsetse yakatwasuka haioneki nedenderedzwa.

Mune mana-dimensional space-nguva yeEinstein, kuwedzera kune matatu mativi, pane zvakare nguva. Conformal geometry inotopa nayo. Uye izvi zvinonyatsoenderana neiyo quantum dzidziso yekuti nguva nenzvimbo zvinogona kuve manyepo epfungwa dzedu. Saka isu tine makona chete, kana kuti pane chiedza makoni, i.e. nzvimbo iyo mwaranzi inopararira. Kumhanya kwechiedza kunotemerwawo chaizvo, nekuti tiri kutaura nezve mafotoni. Pamasvomhu, iyi geometry shoma inokwana kutsanangura fizikisi, kunze kwekunge ichibata nezvinhu zvakawanda. Uye Universe mushure meBig Bang yaingova nezvikamu zvepamusoro-simba, izvo zvaive chaizvoizvo mwaranzi. Inosvika zana muzana yehuremu hwavo yakashandurwa kuita simba zvinoenderana neEinstein's basic formula E = mc².

Saka, nekuregeredza hukuru, nerubatsiro rweiyo conformal geometry, isu tinogona kuratidza iwo chaiwo maitiro ekusikwa kweChisiko uye kunyange imwe nguva pamberi pechisiko ichi. Iwe unongoda kufunga nezve giravhiti rinoitika munzvimbo yediki entropy, i.e. kusvika pamwero wepamusoro wehurongwa. Ipapo chimiro cheBig Bang chinonyangarika, uye mavambo eChisiko chapose pose anongooneka somuganhu wenguva dzose weimwe nzvimbo-yenguva.

8. Kuona kwefungidziro yegomba jena

Kubva pagomba kuenda kugomba, kana Cosmic metabolism

Exotic theories inofanotaura kuvapo kwezvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki, i.e. maburi machena (8) zvirevo zvekufungidzira zvemaburi matema. Dambudziko rekutanga rakataurwa pakutanga kwebhuku raFred Hoyle. Dzidziso ndeyokuti gomba jena rinofanira kunge riri dunhu rinobuda simba nechinhu kubva muumwechete. Zvidzidzo zvakapfuura hazvina kusimbisa kuvapo kwemakomba machena, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vatsvakurudzi vachidavira kuti muenzaniso wekubuda kwechisiko chose, ndiko kuti, Big Bang, unogona chaizvoizvo kuva muenzaniso wechinhu chakadaro.

Netsanangudzo, gomba jena rinokanda kunze izvo buri dema rinotora. Chimiro chete chaizove chekuunza maburi matema nemachena padhuze kune mumwe nemumwe uye kugadzira mugero pakati pawo. Kuvapo kwemugero wakadaro kwaifungidzirwa kare muna 1921. Rakanzi zambuko, rakabva ranzi Einstein-Rosen zambuko, yakatumidzwa zita remasayendisiti akaita masvomhu anotsanangura chisikwa ichi chekufungidzira. Mumakore akatevera yakanzi wormhole, rinozivikanwa muchiRungu nezita risingazivikanwe "wormhole".

Mushure mekuwanikwa kwe quasars, zvakanzi kuburitsa kwechisimba kwesimba kwakabatana nezvinhu izvi kungave mhedzisiro yegomba jena. Pasinei nemafungiro akawanda edzidziso, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzenyeredzi hadzina kukoshesa iyi dzidziso. Chinhu chikuru chakashata chemhando dzese dzegomba jena dzakagadzirwa kusvika parizvino ndechekuti panofanirwa kuve nerumwe rudzi rwekuumbwa kwakavatenderedza. simba regiravhiti rakasimba kwazvo. Kuverenga kunoratidza kuti kana chimwe chinhu chawira mugomba jena, chinofanira kugamuchira kusunungurwa kwesimba kune simba.

Nekudaro, masvomhu akaitwa nemasayendisiti anoti kunyange dai maburi machena, uye saka mawormholes aripo, angadai asina kugadzikana zvakanyanya. Kunyatsotaura, nyaya yaisazokwanisa kupfuura nemu "wormhole" iyi, nekuti yaizokurumidza kuparara. Uye kunyange kana muviri waigona kupinda mune chimwe, chisiko chapose pose chakafanana, waizopinda mauri muchimiro chezvidimbu, izvo, zvichida, zvingava zvinhu nokuda kwenyika itsva, yakasiyana. Mamwe masayendisiti anotopikisa kuti Big Bang, iyo yaifanira kuberekera Universe yedu, yakanga iri mhedzisiro yekuwanikwa kwegomba jena.

quantum holograms

Inopa yakawanda exoticism mune dzidziso uye hypotheses. iyo quantum physics. Kubva payakavambwa, yakapa akati wandei mamwe dudziro kune iyo inonzi Chikoro cheCopenhagen. Mazano pamusoro pemafungu emutyairi kana vacuum sesimba rinoshanda-ruzivo matrix echokwadi, akaiswa parutivi makore mazhinji apfuura, akashanda panharaunda yesainzi, uye dzimwe nguva kupfuura zvishoma. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi yapfuura vakawana simba rakawanda.

Semuyenzaniso, iwe unovaka mamwe masikirwo ebudiriro yeChadenga, uchitora kukurumidza kwakasiyana kwechiedza, kukosha kwekugara kwaPlanck, kana kugadzira misiyano padingindira regiravhiti. Mutemo wesimba rinokwevera pasi rose uri kuchinjwa, somuenzaniso, nokunyumwira kuti equations yaNewton haishandi pamadaro mahombe, uye nhamba yezviyero inofanira kutsamira pakukura kwazvino kwechadenga (uye kuwedzera nekukura kwacho). Nguva inorambwa neicho chaicho mune mamwe maconcepts, uye multidimensional space mune mamwe.

Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa quantum dzimwe nzira ndeye Concepts naDavid Bohm (pfumbamwe). Dzidziso yake inofungidzira kuti mamiriro ehurongwa hwemuviri hunoenderana nebasa remafungu rakapihwa munzvimbo yekumisikidzwa kwehurongwa, uye iyo system pachayo chero nguva iri mune imwe yezvirongwa zvinogoneka (zvinova zvinzvimbo zvezvikamu zvese muhurongwa kana nyika dzezvinhu zvese zvemuviri). Iyo yekupedzisira fungidziro haipo mukududzirwa kwakajairwa kwe quantum mechanics, iyo inofungidzira kuti kusvika panguva yekuyerwa, iyo mamiriro ehurongwa anopiwa chete nesaisai basa, izvo zvinotungamira kune gangaidzo (inonzi inonzi Schrödinger's cat paradox) . Iko kushanduka kwegadziriro yehurongwa kunoenderana nebasa rewave kuburikidza neinonzi pilot wave equation. Dzidziso iyi yakagadziridzwa naLouis de Broglie uye yakazowanikwazve nekuvandudzwa naBohm. Dzidziso yaDeBroglie-Bohm ndeyechokwadi haisi yenzvimbo nekuti pilot wave equation inoratidza kuti kumhanya kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe kuchiri kunoenderana nenzvimbo yezvikamu zvese zviri muchadenga. Sezvo mimwe mitemo inozivikanwa yefizikisi iri yenzvimbo, uye kudyidzana kusiri kwenzvimbo kwakasanganiswa nehukama kunotungamira kune causal gangaidzo, vazhinji vefizikisi vanoona izvi zvisingatenderwi.

10. Space hologram

Muna 1970, Bohm yakatanga kusvika kure chiono cheuniverse-hologram (10), maererano nazvo, sepahologram, chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine ruzivo pamusoro pese. Zvinoenderana nepfungwa iyi, vacuum haingori dura resimba chete, asiwo yakaomesesa yeruzivo system ine holographic rekodhi yenyika yezvinhu.

Muna 1998, Harold Puthoff, pamwe naBernard Heisch naAlphonse Rueda, vakaunza mukwikwidzi kune quantum electrodynamics - stochastic electrodynamics (SED). Vacuum mune iyi pfungwa idhiraivha remhepo ine nyonganiso iyo inoburitsa chaiwo zvimedu zvinogara zvichionekwa nekunyangarika. Dzinodhumhana nezvimedu chaidzo, dzichidzosa simba radzo, izvo zvinozoita kuti zvirambe zvichichinja pachinzvimbo chavo uye nesimba, izvo zvinoonekwa se quantum kusagadzikana.

Kududzirwa kwemafungu kwakagadzirwa kumashure muna 1957 naEverett atotaurwa. Mukududzirwa uku, zvine musoro kutaura nezvazvo iyo state vector yepasi rose. Vector iyi haimbodonhe, saka chokwadi chinoramba chakasimba. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi chokwadi chatinowanzofunga nezvacho, asi kuumbwa kwenyika dzakawanda. Iyo state vector yakapatsanurwa kuita seti yematunhu anomiririra zvisingaonekwe universes, nenyika yega yega ine chiyero chakati uye mutemo wenhamba.

Mafungiro makuru pakutanga kwekududzira uku ndeaya anotevera:

• postulate nezve masvomhu mamiriro enyika - nyika chaiyo kana chero chikamu chayo chakasarudzika chinogona kumiririrwa neseti yezvinhu zvemasvomhu;
• kutaura nezvekuparara kwenyika - nyika inogona kutorwa sehurongwa pamwe nemidziyo.

Zvinofanira kuwedzerwa kuti chirevo che "quantum" chave chichionekwa kwenguva yakati muNew Age zvinyorwa uye zvemazuva ano zvisinganzwisisike.. Semuenzaniso, chiremba ane mukurumbira Deepak Chopra (11) akakurudzira pfungwa yaanodaidza kuti quantum healing, achiratidza kuti kana pfungwa dzakasimba zvakakwana, tinogona kurapa zvirwere zvose.

Maererano naChopra, iyi mhedziso yakadzama inogona kutorwa kubva ku quantum physics, iyo yaanoti yakaratidza kuti nyika yenyama, kusanganisira miviri yedu, ndiyo maitiro emuoni. Isu tinosika miviri yedu nenzira imwechete yatinogadzira ruzivo rwenyika yedu. Chopra inotaurawo kuti "kutenda, pfungwa, uye manzwiro anokonzera hupenyu-kusimudzira maitiro emakemikari musero rega rega" uye kuti "nyika yatinogara mairi, kusanganisira ruzivo rwemiviri yedu, inosarudzwa zvachose nemadzidzisiro atinoita kuzviona." Saka kurwara nekuchembera zvingori zvekufungidzira. Kuburikidza nesimba guru rekuziva, tinogona kuwana izvo Chopra inodana "nokusingaperi muviri wechidiki, nekusingaperi pfungwa dzechidiki."

Nekudaro, hapasati pave nekukakavadzana kwekupedzisira kana humbowo hwekuti quantum mechanics inobata basa repakati mukuziva kwevanhu kana kuti inopa yakananga, hukama hwakazara pasirese. Fizikisi yemazuva ano, kusanganisira quantum mechanics, inoramba ichinyanya kuda zvinhu uye inoderedza, uye panguva imwe chete inoenderana nezvose zvakaonekwa nesainzi.