Mamiriro okunze anodziya ekuvandudza. Hondo yekurwisa kudziya kwepasi inovandudza tekinoroji

Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze ndeimwe yematambudziko anowanzo kutaurwa pasi rose. Tinogona kutaura zvakachengeteka kuti panguva ino, zvinenge zvinhu zvose zviri kugadzirwa, kuvakwa, kuvakwa uye kurongwa munyika dzakabudirira zvinofunga nezvedambudziko rekudziya kwepasi uye kubudisa gasi rinopisa pamwero mukuru.

Zvichida, hapana acharamba kuti kuziviswa kwedambudziko rekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwakatungamirira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kune simba rakasimba pakuvandudzwa kwemichina mitsva. Takanyora uye tichanyora kakawanda nezve rekodhi rinotevera rekushanda kwemagetsi ezuva, kuvandudzwa kwemhepo turbines kana kutsvaga nzira dzakangwara dzekuchengetedza uye kugovera simba kubva kune zvinogadziriswazve.

Maererano neIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) yagara ichitaurwa, tiri kutarisana nemamiriro ekunze ekudziya, ayo anonyanya kukonzerwa nekuwedzera kwekubuda kwegreenhouse gas uye kuwedzera kwekuwanda kwemagasi egreenhouse mumhepo. Mienzaniso yemhedzisiro inofungidzirwa neIPCC inoratidza kuti kuve nemukana wekudzikamisa kudziya kusvika pasi pe2°C, kuburitswa kwepasi rose kunofanirwa kunge kuri pamusoro pegore ra2020 risati rasvika uye kuchengetedzwa kuri pa50-80% panosvika 2050.

Ndiine zero emissions mumusoro mangu

Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kunotungamirwa - ngatizvidaidze zvakanyanya - "kuziva nezvemamiriro ekunze" ndiko, kutanga, kusimbiswa kugadzirwa kwesimba uye kushandiswa kwesimbanekuti kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba kunogona kuita zvakakosha pakubuda kwegasi regreenhouse.

Yechipiri ndeyekutsigirwa kwekugona kwepamusoro, se biofuel i simba remhepo.

Chechitatu - tsvagiridzo uye tekinoroji innovationinodiwa kuchengetedza yakaderera-kabhoni sarudzo mune ramangwana.

Chekutanga chinodiwa ibudiriro zero emission tekinoroji. Kana iyo tekinoroji isingashande isina kuburitswa, saka kanenge marara anobviswa anofanira kunge ari awhizha kune mamwe maitiro (kudzokorodza). Iyi ndiyo motto yetekinoroji yebudiriro yezvipenyu yatinovaka pairi kurwisa kudziya kwepasirese.

Nhasi, hupfumi hwenyika hunoenderana neindasitiri yemotokari. Nyanzvi dzinobatanidza eco-tarisiro neizvi. Kunyangwe zvisingagoni kutaurwa kuti hazvina emission-isina, ivo zvirokwazvo havabudisi exhaust magasi munzvimbo yavanofamba. Kudzora kuburitswa mu situ kunoonekwa kunge kuri nyore uye kwakachipa, kunyangwe kana zvasvika pakupisa mafuta efosi. Ichi ndicho chikonzero mari yakawanda yakashandiswa mumakore achangopfuura pane zvitsva uye kugadzirwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi - zvakare muPoland.

Zvechokwadi, zvakanakisisa kuti chikamu chechipiri chegadziriro yacho zvakare-isina kubudisa - kugadzirwa kwemagetsi ayo motokari inoshandisa kubva gridhi. Zvisinei, mamiriro aya anogona kuzadzikiswa zvishoma nezvishoma nekushandura simba kune. Naizvozvo, mota yemagetsi inofamba muNorway, uko mazhinji emagetsi anobva kumagetsi emagetsi emagetsi, atova pedyo ne zero emissions.

Nekudaro, ruzivo rwemamiriro ekunze runoenda zvakadzika, semuenzaniso mumatanho uye zvinhu zvekugadzira uye kudzokorodza matai, mitumbi yemotokari kana mabhatiri. Pachine nzvimbo yekuvandudza munzvimbo idzi, asi - sezvo vaverengi veMT vachinyatsoziva - vanyori vezvigadzirwa zvetekinoroji uye zvezvinhu zvatinonzwa nezvazvo anenge mazuva ese vane zvinodiwa zvezvakatipoteredza zvakadzika midzi mumisoro yavo.

Kuvakwa kwe30-nhurikidzwa modular chivakwa muChina

Izvo zvakangokosha muhuwandu hwehupfumi uye simba semotokari. dzimba dzedu. Zvivakwa zvinodya 32% yesimba repasi uye zvinokonzeresa 19% yekubuda kwegasi regreenhouse, sekureva kweGlobal Economic and Climate Commission (GCEC) mishumo. Pamusoro pezvo, chikamu chekuvaka chinomiririra 30-40% yemarara akasiiwa pasirese.

Iwe unogona kuona kuti yakawanda sei iyo indasitiri yekuvaka inoda green innovation. Imwe yacho ndeye, semuenzaniso, iyo modular yekuvaka nzira z prefabricated elements (kunyangwe, kutaura chokwadi, ichi chinhu chitsva chakagadzirwa kwemakumi emakore). Nzira dzakabvumira Broad Group kuvaka hotera ine nhurikidzwa makumi matatu muChina mumazuva gumi nemashanu (2), gadzirisa kugadzirwa uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Semuenzaniso, inenge 100% yesimbi inoshandiswa pakuvaka, uye kugadzirwa kwemamodule 122 pafekitari kwakaderedza zvakanyanya kuwanda kwemarara ekuvaka.

Wana zvakawanda kubva muzuva

Sekuongororwa kwegore rapfuura kweBritish masayendisiti kubva kuYunivhesiti yeOxford kwakaratidza, ne2027, kusvika ku20% yemagetsi anopedzwa munyika anogona kubva kune photovoltaic systems (3) Kufambira mberi kweruzivo rwemichina pamwe nekukunda zvipingamupinyi pakushandiswa kwevazhinji kunoreva kuti mutengo wemagetsi anogadzirwa nenzira iyi uri kuderera nekukurumidza zvekuti uchakurumidza kudhura pane simba rinobva kune yakajairika.

Kubva ku80s, photovoltaic panel mitengo yakaderera neanenge 10% pagore. Tsvagiridzo ichiri kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza kushanda kwesero. Imwe yemishumo ichangoburwa munharaunda iyi kubudirira kwevasayendisiti kubva kuGeorge Washington University, vakakwanisa kuvaka solar panel nekubudirira kwe44,5%. Chishandiso chinoshandisa photovoltaic concentrators (PVCs), umo malenzi anotarisa mirazvo yezuva pasero ine nzvimbo isingasviki 1 mm.², uye ine masero akawanda akabatana, ayo pamwe chete anotora rinenge simba rose kubva muchiedza chezuva. Pakutanga, sanganisira. Sharp yakakwanisa kuwana pamusoro pe40% kunyatsoshanda mumasero ezuva nekushandisa nzira yakafanana, kugadzirira mapaneru nemaFresnel lenzi anotarisisa mwenje unorova mapaneru.

Zuva "rakabatwa" muguta guru

Imwe pfungwa yekugadzira solar panel kunyatsoshanda ndeyekutsemura chiedza chezuva risati rarova mapaneru. Chokwadi ndechekuti maseru akagadzirirwa kutarisisa kwemavara ega ega ega ega ega ega anogona kunyatso "kuunganidza" mafotoni. Masayendisiti kubva kuYunivhesiti yeCalifornia Institute of Technology, ari kushanda pamhinduro iyi, anotarisira kudarika 50 muzana yekugonesa chikumbaridzo chemagetsi ezuva.

Simba rine coefficient yakakwirira

Maererano nekuvandudzwa kwesimba remagetsi, basa riri kuenderera mberi kuvandudza izvo zvinodanwa. smart simba network --. Renewable simba zvinyorwa zvinoparadzirwa zvinyorwa, i.e. simba reyuniti rinowanzoita isingasviki 50 MW (maximum 100), yakaiswa padyo nemugamuchiri wekupedzisira wesimba. Nekudaro, nehuwandu hwakakwana hwezviwanikwa zvakapararira pamusoro penzvimbo diki yesimba remagetsi, uye nekuda kwemikana inopihwa netiweki, zvinova zvakanakira kusanganisa aya masosi kuita imwechete-inodzorwa system, kugadzira "virtual power plant ». Chinangwa chayo ndechekutarisa chizvarwa chakagoverwa mune imwe ine musoro yakabatana network, kuwedzera hunyanzvi uye hupfumi hwekugadzira magetsi. Chizvarwa chakagoverwa chiri padyo nevatengi vemagetsi chinogona zvakare kushandisa zviwanikwa zvemafuta emunharaunda, kusanganisira biofuels uye simba rinodzokororwa, uye kunyangwe marara emanisipala.

Izvi zvinofanirwa kuita basa rakakosha mukusikwa kwemagetsi emagetsi. kuchengetedza simba, kubvumira kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kuti kugadziriswe kuchinja kwezuva nezuva mukudiwa kwevatengi. Kazhinji, matura akadaro mabhatiri kana supercapacitors. Pumped storage power plant inogona kuita basa rakafanana. Basa rakasimba riri kuenderera mberi kugadzira matekinoroji matsva ekuchengetedza simba, semuenzaniso, mumunyu wakanyungudutswa kana kushandisa electrolytic kugadzirwa kwehydrogen.

Sezvineiwo, mhuri dzeAmerica dzinoshandisa huwandu hwemagetsi nhasi sezvavakaita muna 2001. Aya ndiwo data rehurumende dzenzvimbo dzinoona nezvesimba rekutonga, rakaburitswa mukutanga kwa2013 na2014, inodaro Associated Press. Maererano nenyanzvi dzakataurwa nesangano, izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nehunyanzvi hutsva, kuchengetedza uye kuvandudza simba remagetsi emidziyo yemumba. Sekureva kweHome Appliance Manufacturers Association, avhareji yekushandiswa kwesimba kwemidziyo yemhepo inofefetera muUS yakadzikira nezvikamu makumi maviri kubva muzana kubvira 2001. Kushandiswa kwesimba kwemidziyo yese yemumba kwakaderedzwa kusvika pamwero wakafanana, kusanganisira maTV ane LCD kana ma LED maratidziro anopedza simba rinosvika 20% shoma pane midziyo yekare!

Imwe yemasangano ehurumende yeUS yakagadzira ongororo yavakafananidza akasiyana mamiriro ekuvandudza kwesimba remagetsi ebudiriro yemazuva ano. Kubva pane izvi, kufanotaura kukwirira kwehupfumi neIT technologies, zvakatevera kuti muna 2030 chete muU.SA zvaive zvichikwanisika kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba nehuwandu hwakaenzana nemagetsi anogadzirwa nemakumi matatu emagetsi e600-megawatt. Tingave tichiti inokonzerwa nekuchengetedza kana, zvakanyanya, kune nharaunda yePasi uye mamiriro ekunze, chiyero chakanaka.