Yepamusoro gumi neina ndege huru munyika ye14
Zviri mukati
Ndeipi ndege huru kwazvo munyika kubva muna 2022? Ndege huru inobatsira kubva kuhupfumi hwehukuru. Semuenzaniso, kuva nendege hombe imwe ine simba rendege mbiri diki kune mari yakawanda kushanda. Panguva imwecheteyo, nhamba yevashandi haifaniri kupetwa kaviri. Zvakare, kuva nendege diki dzakawanda panzvimbo pehombe zvinoda vashandi vepasi vakawanda kuti vagadzirise.
Kune dzimwe nyaya dzekushanda zvakare. Zvinhu izvi zvinonyanya kukosha uye zvine tsigiro panyaya yendege dzemauto. Ndege huru zvakare inobvumira kutamiswa kwemamwe masimba uye zvombo munguva pfupi pfupi. Chinangwa ndechekutora mukana we "first mover advantage". Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, pakangoonekwa kukosha kwehukuru hwemhepo, tsvakurudzo dzakawanda dzakaitwa kugadzira ndege huru. Dzakawanda dzendege huru, refu uye dzinorema ndedzehondo.
Dzakawanda dzendege huru uye huru dzakapihwa mari neongororo yemauto. Ndicho chikonzero nei mazhinji acho anoshandiswa nemauto. Idzi shoma dzendege idzi dzakagadziridzwa kuti dzishandiswe muhurumende nekutengeserana. Heino rondedzero ye14 hombe ndege munyika kubva muna 2022.
13. Ilyushin Il-76
Il-76 yaiva yekutanga yeSoviet inorema kutakura ina-jet injini. MuNATO, akagamuchira zita rekodhi Candid. Iyi inyanzvi yezvina-injini ina turbofan strategic transporter yakagadziriswa neIlyushin Design Bureau. Yakanga yakarongwa semutyairi wekutakura kutsiva Antonov An-12. Kugadzirwa kwakatanga muna 1974 paine anopfuura mazana masere akavakwa. Pamwe chete neAn-800, akaumba musana weSoviet Air Force. Ichiri kushanda nenyika dzakawanda.
IL-76 ine simba rekutakura rematani makumi mashanu. Yakanga yakagadzirirwa kuendeswa kwemotokari dzinorema uye zvigadzirwa zvakakosha. Inogona kushanda kubva kupfupi, isina kugadzirira uye isina tara. Inogona kubhururuka uye kumhara mumamiriro ekunze asina kunaka. Yakashandiswa sechimbichimbi chekufambisa chekufambisa kuendesa vanhuwo zvavo uye kupa rubatsiro rwevanhu uye njodzi pasirese.
12. Tupolev Tu-160
Iyo Tupolev Tu-160 "White Swan" kana "White Swan" ibhomba rinorema repamusoro rine kumhanya kunodarika Mach 2, zvinoreva kuti inogona kubhururuka nekaviri kumhanya kwekurira. Ine mapapiro ekutsvaira akasiyana. Yakagadzirwa neSoviet Union kurwisa kuvandudzwa kweAmerica kweB-1 Lancer supersonic swept-wing bomber. Yakagadzirwa neTupolev Design Bureau. Mauto eNATO akapa iyo kodhi zita rekuti Blackjack.
Ndiyo ndege huru uye inorema kudarika dzose ichiri kushandiswa. Huremu hwayo hwekusimuka i300 tons. Yakapinda sevhisi muna 1987 uye yaive yekupedzisira nzira yekubhomba yakagadziridzwa yeSoviet Union isati yapatsanuka kuita nyika dzinoverengeka. Kune 16 ndege dziri kushanda, zvikepe zviri kuvandudzwa uye zvazvino.
11. Chinese kutakura ndege Y-20
Y-20 indege itsva yekutakura yeChinese yakagadzirwa neXian Aircraft Corporation mukubatana neRussia neUkraine. Kubudirira kwayo kwakatanga muma1990, uye Y-20 yakatanga kubhururuka muna 2013 ikapinda sevhisi neChinese Air Force muna 2016. China yave nyika yechina mushure meUS, Russia neUkraine kugadzira ndege inotakura matani mazana maviri.
Y-20 ine simba rekusimudza rinosvika matani makumi matanhatu. Inogona kutakura matangi uye hombe dzehondo mota. Panyaya yekutakura, iri pakati peBoeing C-60 Globemaster III yakakura (17 tons) neRussia Il-77 (76 tons). Y-50 ine huwandu hwakakwana hwekusvika kuEurope, Africa, Australia neAlaska kubva kuChina. Iine ina yeRussia D-20KP30 turbofan injini.
10. Boeing C-17 Globemaster III
Boeing C-17 Globemaster III ndiro bhiza guru rekushanda muUS Air Force. Yakagadzirwa naMcDonnell Douglas, uyo akazobatana neBoeing muma1990s. Yakagadzirirwa kutsiva iyo Lockheed C-141 Starlifter uye zvakare seimwe nzira kune iyo Lockheed C-5 Galaxy. Kugadzirwa kweiyi ndege inorema yekutakura kwakatanga muma1980s. Yakatanga kubhururuka muna 1991 ikapinda mubasa muna 1995.
Ndege dzinosvika mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu dzeGlobemaster dzakavakwa uye dzinoshandiswa neUS Air Force nedzimwe nyika dzinoverengeka dzeNATO, kusanganisira UK, Australia, Canada, UAE neIndia. Iyo ine payload inokwana matani makumi manomwe nematanhatu uye inokwanisa kugara tangi reAbrams, vatatu vatakuri vevashandi veStryker armored kana matatu maApache helicopter. Inogona kushanda kubva kumigwagwa isina kugadzirira kana migwagwa isina kugadzirwa.
9. Lockheed S-5 Galaxy
Iyo Lockheed C-5 Galaxy yakakwidziridzwa kune inotevera vhezheni yeLockheed Martin. Iyi imwe yendege huru dzekutakura mauto. Yakagadzirwa uye yakavakwa neLockheed Corporation. Inoshandiswa neUnited States Air Force (USAF) kune inorema intercontinental strategic airlift. Lockheed Martin's C-5M Super Galaxy ndiyo bhiza reUS Air Force uye ndege hombe inoshanda. Iyo Galaxy inogovera zvakawanda zvakafanana neyakazotevera Boeing C-17 Globemaster III. Iyo C-5 Galaxy yave ichishandiswa neUS Air Force kubva 1969. Yakashandiswa mumakakatanwa akati wandei akadai seVietnam, Iraq, Yugoslavia, Afghanistan neGulf War. Iyo ine roll-on uye roll-off kugona, zvinoreva kuti mitoro inogona kuwanikwa kubva kumativi ese endege.
Iine simba rekutakura rematani zana nemakumi matatu, inogona kutakura maviri M130A1 Abrams matangi makuru ehondo kana 2 vatakuri vemauto. Rakashandiswawo mukubatsira vanhu uye pakuyamura vanenge vawirwa nenjodzi. C-7M Super Galaxy ishanduro yakakwidziridzwa. Iine injini itsva uye avionics yekuwedzera hupenyu hwayo kupfuura 5.
8. Boeing 747
Iyo Boeing 747 inozivikanwa nezita rekutanga remadunhurirwa reJumbo Jet. Iyo ine yakasarudzika "hump" padenga repamusoro pamhino yendege. Yakanga iri yekutanga-yakafara-body jet ndege yakagadzirwa neBoeing muUnited States. Vatakuri vayo vaive 150% yakakura kupfuura iyo yeBoeing 707.
Iyo ina-injini Boeing 747 ine maviri-tier configuration chikamu chehurefu hwayo. Boeing yakagadzira 747's hump-shaped up deck kuti ishande sesaloon kana zvigaro zvekutanga. Iyo Boeing 747-400, iyo inonyanya kufarirwa vhezheni, inogona kugadzika vafambi mazana matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu mune yakakwirira-density yehupfumi kirasi yekumisikidza.
7. Boeing 747 Dreamlifter
Boeing 747 Dreamlifter indege yakakura-muviri inotakura zvinhu inogadzirwa neBoeing. Yakagadzirwa kubva kuBoeing 747-400 uye yakatanga kubhururuka muna 2007. Yaimbozivikanwa seBoeing 747 LCF, kana Large Cargo Freighter. Yakagadzirwa kutakura zvinhu zvendege yeBoeing 787 Dreamliner kubva pasirese kuenda kumafekitori eBoeing.
6. Antonov An-22
Iyo An-22 "Antey" ndege muNATO yakagamuchira zita rekodhi "Rooster". Iyi indege inorema yekutakura mauto yakagadzirwa neAntonov Design Bureau. Inofambiswa neinjini ina dzeturboprop, imwe neimwe ichityaira maviri eanopotera-anotenderedza propeller. Inoramba iri ndege hombe pasi rose turboprop. Muna 1965, payakatanga kubudiswa, yakanga iri ndege huru munyika yose. Iine mutoro wekutakura matani makumi masere. Ndege iyi yakagadzirirwa kushanda kubva kunhandare dzendege dzisina kugadzirira uye inogona kusimuka nekumhara panzvimbo yakapfava. Antonov An-80 anokwanisa kudarika Boeing C-22 Globemaster. Yakashandiswa mumauto makuru nendege dzekubatsira vanhu kuSoviet Union.
5. Antonov An-124 Ruslan
Iyo Antonov An-124 Ruslan, yakatumidzwa zita remadunhurirwa rekuti Condor neNATO, indege inotakura ndege. Yakagadzirwa muma1980 neAntonov Design Bureau uye ichiri ndege huru yekutakura mauto pasi rose. Ndege yekutanga yakaitwa muna 1982, yakaiswa mubasa muna 1986. Inoshandiswa neRussia Air Force. Kune dzinenge 55 ndege dzakadaro dziri kushanda.
Inotaridzika kunge idiki zvishoma Lockheed C-5 Galaxy. Iyi ndiyo ndege huru yepasirese yemauto, kunze kweAntonov An-225. An-124 ine hurefu hwekutakura hunosvika zana nemakumi mashanu ematani. Imba inotakura zvinhu inogona kutakura chero zvinhu, kusanganisira matangi eRussia, mota dzemauto, helikopta uye chero imwe midziyo yemauto.
4. Airbus A340-600
Iyo irefu-refu, yakafara-yemuviri inoshambadzira ndege ndege yakagadzirwa uye yakagadzirwa neEuropean aerospace kambani Airbus Industries. Inotakura vanhu vanosvika 440. Iine ina turbofan injini. Inouya mune akati wandei, iyo inorema A340-500 uye A340-600 yakareba uye ine mapapiro makuru. Ikozvino yakatsiviwa neiyo yakakura Airbus A350 musiyano.
Iyo ine huwandu hwe6,700 kusvika 9,000 nautical mamaira kana 12,400 kusvika 16,700 km. Iwo anosiyanisa maficha mana mahombe ebypass turbofan injini uye tricycle main ekumhara giya. Pakutanga, ndege yeAirbus yaingove neinjini mbiri. Iyo A340 inoshandiswa pakufamba-refu nzira dze transoceanic nekuda kwekusadzivirirwa kwayo kune zvirambidzo zveETOPS zvinoshanda kune mapatya-injini ndege.
3. Boeing 747-8
Iyo Boeing 747-8 indege yakakura-muviri yejeti yakagadzirwa uye inogadzirwa neBoeing. Ichi ndicho chizvarwa chechitatu che747 chine fuselage yakatambanudzwa uye mapapiro akatambanudzwa. Iyo 747-8 ndiyo yakakura vhezheni ye747 uye yakakura kwazvo ndege yekutengeserana yakavakwa muUS. Inouya mumhando mbiri huru; 747-8 Intercontinental uye 747-8 Freighter. Kuchinja kune iyi modhi yeBoeing kunosanganisira mapapiro anotsvedza uye "sawtooth" chikamu cheinjini kuderedza ruzha. Musi wa14 Mbudzi 2005, Boeing yakatanga 747 Advanced pasi pezita rekuti "Boeing 747-8".
2. Airbus A380-800
Airbus A380 по-прежнему остается самым большим пассажирским самолетом в эксплуатации, даже спустя почти десятилетие регулярной эксплуатации. A380 настолько велик, что многим аэропортам пришлось изменить свою установку, чтобы приспособиться к его высоте и длине. Это двухпалубный широкофюзеляжный четырехмоторный реактивный самолет. Он производится европейским производителем Airbus Industries. У А380 есть несколько вариантов двигателей. Конфигурация, которую используют British Airways и другие авиакомпании премиум-класса, представляет собой четыре турбовентиляторных двигателя Rolls-Royce Trent 900, которые развивают тягу более 3,000,000 853 469 фунтов. Он может вместить человека в экономическом классе, еще , если есть первый класс.
Anopfuura 160 A380s akavakwa kusvika parizvino. Iyo A380 yakaita rwendo rwayo rwekutanga musi wa27 Kubvumbi 2005. Ndege dzekutengesa dzakatanga musi wa25 Gumiguru 2007 neSingapore Airlines.
1. An-225 (Mriya)
An-225 ndiyo yakareba uye yakakura ndege yati yambovakwa panyika. Yakagadzirwa neane mukurumbira Antonov Design Bureau, iyo An-225 yakagadzirwa uye yakavakwa mukati me1980s yeCold War neSoviet Union. Hurefu hwekutakura mutoro pachahwo hurefu kupfuura chinhambwe chakavharwa nehama dzekwaWright pakubhururuka kwavo kwekutanga. Ndege iyi yakapihwa zita remadunhurirwa rekuti "Mriya" kana kuti "Dream" muchiUkraine. Yakatanga kuvakwa sechokufambisa cheSoviet spacecraft Buran.
Ndege iyi ndeyekuenderera kwemunun'una wayo An-124 Ruslan, ndege huru yekutakura mauto munyika. Iyo ine nhanhatu turbofan injini. Huremu hwayo hwekusimuka i640 tons, zvinoreva kuti inogona kutakura mitoro inodarika ka20 pane dzimwe ndege. Iyo ine zvakare mapapiro makuru pane chero ndege.
Yekutanga uye yega An-225 yakavakwa muna 1988. Iri mukushanda kwekutengeserana neAntonov Airlines inotakura mihoro yakawandisa. Iyo airlift inobata marekodhi epasirese ekupa zvinhu zvakakura uye zvinorema zvakambotakurwa nemhepo. Yakanaka uye yakagadzirira kubhururuka kweanenge mamwe makore makumi maviri.
Gadziridza
Mufananidzo Chikwereti: Stratolaunch
Chivabvu 31, 2017; "Ndege hombe pasirese" Stratolaunch yakakungurutswa kunze kwe hangar kekutanga. Ndiyo mureza weSttolaunch chirongwa chakasimudzirwa neMicrosoft co-muvambi Paul Allen. The Stratolaunch ine matanhatu Boeing 747 injini, 28 mavhiri uye mapapiro 385 tsoka, iyo yakakura kupfuura nhandare yenhabvu. Kureba kwayo 238 tsoka. Inogona kutakura matani mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu ekurema. Kuwanda kwayo kunosvika 250 nautical mamaira. Staratolaunch yakapihwa pamuviri sendege kuti ivhure maroketi munzira.
Kare, mapapiro makuru pane chero ndege munhoroondo yaive yehuni H-4 Hercules, inozivikanwawo se "Spruce Goose"; iyo yaive nehurefu hupfupi hwemamita mazana maviri nepfumbamwe. Zvisinei, ndege iyi yakabhururuka kweminiti imwe chete, pamakumbo makumi manomwe muna 219, uye haina kuzombosimuka zvakare.
Airbus A380 ndiyo huru pasi rose ine ndege dzekutengesa dzinopfuura mazana matatu pazuva. Kureba kwayo 300 tsoka, iyo inopfuura iyo Stratolaunch. Anewo muviri wakareba uye wakafara; asi ine mapapiro madiki akareba 239 tsoka.
Iyo An-225 Mriya yakareba 275 tsoka kureba, 40 tsoka kureba kupfuura Stratolaunch. Iyo zvakare inomira 59 tsoka kureba, iyo yakareba kupfuura iyo Stratolaunch's 50 tsoka. Mriya ine mapapiro akareba 290 tsoka idiki pane Stratolaunch iyo inoita 385 tsoka. Huremu hwayo i285 matani, iyo inodarika huremu hwe250-ton Stratolaunch. Huremu hwekubvisa huremu hweMriya i648 matani, inofananidzwa ne650 matani eSttolaunch.
Iyo Stratolaunch ichangobva kuunzwa. Ichiri kuvakwa paMojave Air uye Space Port muMojave, California. Iye achafanirwa kupfuura nemiedzo yakati wandei, uye gare gare bvunzo ndege ichaitika. Yakarongwa kuti ishande zvizere panopera makore gumi aya. Stratolaunch inotarisirwa kuita kuratidzira kwayo kwekutanga panosvika 2022.
Kusvika iye zvino (uye netariro kusvika 2022); An-225 Mriya ichiri ndege huru kwazvo pasi rose !!!
Dzimwe dzendege huru pasi rose dzisina kutaurwa pano hadzisisiri mukugadzirwa kana kushandiswa. Mamwe akanyorwa pamusoro anewo mavhezheni chaiwo anogona kunge asina kunyorwa pamusoro. Airbus uye Kuve ndege yaive neshanduro dzakasiyana dzehurefu hwakasiyana zvichibva pane imwechete dhizaini pfungwa. Kana iwe uchifunga kuti dzimwe ndege dzakadzikiswa nekusaziva, unogona kuwedzera chokwadi ichi kune zvaunofunga.
